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"Sire" breeds, also called terminal breeds, are those that are best used for breeding calves that are best for beef production (being fed and slaughtered for beef.) "Dam" breeds, also called maternal breeds, are those that are best used for breeding replacement animals like bulls and heifers that are used in breeding herds.

Now as to why such breeds are called terminal or maternal breeds are because they have certain genetic characteristics that entitle them to be best used for raising calves for beef or for the breeding herd. This shows you that not all breeds are the same as the other and have the same genetic characteristics as another. For instance, Charolais cattle are best used as a terminal breed versus Shorthorn because of the ability of calves to grow quickly and gain weight in a shorter amount of time than Shorthorns. Shorthorns are best used as a maternal breed because they have better mothering, calving and milking ability than Charolais do and thus take less labour to care for and raise calves than Charolais do.

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Q: Why are some breeds of beef cattle referred to as sire breeds and some as dam breeds?
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