Aristotle
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Darwin observed that different but similar species inhabited different regions with similar environments, and that species on islands were often similar to species on neighboring continents. This suggested to him that species have changed and evolved over time to adapt to their environments, giving rise to new species.
Some examples of species that have evolved due to geographic isolation include the Galapagos finches, Hawaiian honeycreepers, and the marsupials of Australia. Geographic isolation can lead to the development of distinct traits and adaptations in isolated populations over time, eventually creating new species.
A common ancestor is a species from which two or more descendant species have evolved through the process of speciation. The descendant species can exhibit different traits and characteristics due to adaptation to different environments or selection pressures over time.
Evolution is a change in species over time.
Species not always change over time such sponges :D