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In Marxian economics, economic reproduction refers to recurrent (or cyclical) processes by which the initial conditions necessary for economic activity to occur are constantly re-created.Economic reproduction involves physical production and distribution of goods and services, the trade (the circulation via exchanges and transactions) of goods and services, and the consumption of goods and services. Karl Marx developed the original insights of Quesnayto model the circulation of capital, money and commodities in the second volume of Das Kapital, to show how the reproduction process which must occur in any type of society can take place in capitalist society, by means of the circulation of capital.
Marx distinguishes between "simple reproduction" and "expanded (or enlarged) reproduction".In the former case, no economic growth occurs, while in the latter case, more is produced than is needed to maintain the economy at the given level, making economic growth possible. In the capitalist mode of production, the difference is that in the former case, the new surplus value created by wage-labour is spent by the employer on consumption (or hoarded), whereas in the latter case, part of it is reinvested in production.
Ernest Mandel additionally refers in his two-volume Marxist economic theory to contracted reproduction, meaning production on a smaller and smaller scale, in which case business operating at a loss outnumbers growing business (e.g. in wars, depressions, or disasters).Reproduction in this case continues to occur, but investment, employment and output fall absolutely, so that the national income falls. In the Great Depression of the 1930s, for example, about one-quarter of the workers became unemployed; as a result of the 2008/2009 slump, the unemployed labour force increased by about 30 million workers (a number approximately equal to the total workforce of France, or Britain).
Natural breeding refers to the process in which animals mate and reproduce without human intervention, allowing them to select their own mates based on their own instincts and behaviors. This method relies on natural cues and behaviors to ensure successful reproduction and genetic diversity in the offspring.
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Why are dogs an example of selective breeding?
is dog breeding an example of natural selection
Is there blood during pig breeding?
No, pig breeding does not involve blood. Breeding typically occurs through natural mating or artificial insemination, neither of which involve blood.
Why are cattle bred by artificial selection?
They are not. Cattle (cows and heifers) are bred either via artificial insemination, or natural breeding.
Which Could Be An Example Of Breeding?
Natural - human breasts. Man made - all those weird dogs in dog shows.
What is the name for artificial water channel used for breeding fish?
The name for an artificial water channel used for breeding fish is a fish hatchery. These facilities are designed to provide a controlled environment for fish breeding, egg incubation, and early development stages before releasing them into natural habitats.
What are the breeding systems?
Artificial and natural breeding.
What is an antonym for selective breeding?
Uncontrolled breeding is an antonym for selective breeding. It refers to breeding without deliberate selection for specific traits, allowing natural or random processes to determine the outcome.
Why are dogs an example of selective breeding?
is dog breeding an example of natural selection
The practice of breeding dogs to produce offspring with specific traits is an example of?
natural selecion
Is dog breeding an example of natural selection?
False, dog breeding would be an example of Artificial Selection.
Is Dog breeding is an example of natural selection?
False, dog breeding would be an example of Artificial Selection.
What are the similarities and differences between Natural Selection and Selective Breeding?
The similarity between natural selection and selective breeding is that they both produce changes in plants and animals.
What in humans select traits that will be passed from one generation to another elective breeding or natural selection?
elective breeding
A farmer breeding better animals is called what?
Natural selection
How can organisms be produced with desired trait?
Through selective breeding or by natural selection.
What is natural fish breeding?
Breeding fish by putting the males and females together and letting them do what they naturally do to fertilize the eggs instead of breeding fish by extracting the sperm and eggs from the fish and mixing them to fertilize the eggs.
How are selective breeding and natural selection similar how are they different?
In selective breeding the owners of the pets will choose mates that have selected characteristics that are wanted in the offspring. They may also be repeated with future offspring. In natural breeding it is natural selection that choose and in cats their may even be more than one father and different offspring. In summary the main differences are: Selective humans choose partners with named specific characteristics where as natural if often more first come first served. Also selective breeding is often carried on through the generations whereas natural does not. Similarities are after partners are choose the rest of the process is the same.
