What are 5 methods of asexual reproduction?

Answer 1

Binary fission and budding are two types of asexual reproduction.

In binary fission, an exact copy is made. In budding, another grows out of the first cell kind of like a lizard growing a new tail except the tail doesn't grow a new lizard.

Examples:

Budding is seen in yeast.

Binary fission is seen in bacteria.

Answer 2

1. Binary fission: Organism divides into two identical cells.
2. Budding: Small offspring grows out of the parent organism.
3. Fragmentation: Parent organism breaks into pieces, each piece can grow into a new organism.
4. Spore formation: Parent organism releases spores which can develop into new organisms.
5. Parthenogenesis: Development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg.

Answer 3

1. Binary fission

2. Parthenogenesis

3. Agamogenesis

4. Apomixis and nucellar embryony

Examples of plant structures associated with asexual or vegetative reproduction include:

Runners/ stolons (e.g. Strawberry plants)

Offsets

Bulblets

Answer 4

~binary fission - unicellular organism divides into two equal parts eg amoeba ~budding - the parent produces an outgrowth/bud which detaches to become a new individual eg hydra ~spore formation - formed in spore-bearing structures called sporangium eg ferns ~vegetative reproduction - seen in many flowering plants eg runner, bulb, rhizome, corm, stem tuber ~rejuvenation - replacement of parts of an organism that are lost due to injury eg flatworm

Answer 5

Methods of Artificial Plant Propagation

Asexual plant propagation is an artificial method of propagating plants through which new plants are produced and multiplied by using the parts and buds of selected mother plants.

Artificial plant propagation is done by:

A. Cutting. New plants are produced and multiplied by cutting planting parts of the plant. The plant propagated is a "cutting". The different cuttings used are tubers, stems, leaf, and root and rootstock.

B. Layering. A part or branch of the tree is introduced into the soil to develop roots while being fed by the parent plant.

C. Marcotting. In marcotting, the stems are induced to take roots while still attached to the mother plant.

Steps in Marcotting

1. Remove a ring of the bark below the node 3-5 centimeters long.

2. Scrape the cambium layer but not too deep into the wood to prevent healing before root formation takes place.

3. After callus formation has taken place, wrap the cut surface with a moist, but not wet sphagnum moss. If sphagnum moss is not available, use moistened soil and wrap with coconut husk.

4. Cover securely with plastic and tie around on both ends with a cotton twine to prevent the drying of the rooting medium. When using wrapping material other than plastic, water the marcot regularly to prevent the drying and hardening of the soil.

5. When enough roots grow, cut off the marcot just below the ball of sphagnum moss or soil that holds the roots. For plants that root easily, this can be as short as one month.

6. After cutting the marcot, place in a pot big enough to provide sufficient room for the roots to develop further before transplanting to the field.

7. Place in a cool and shady place to hasten recovery.

D. Grafting. This is an artificial plant propagation through which a stem of one plant, called the "scion" (top portion), is inserted into the rootstock of another plant, so that the two will unite and grow together as one plant. The scion and rootstock must be compatible for them to unite permanently.

Grafting is classified into cleft, side, whip or tongue, saddle, bark, and crown grafting. For fruit growers, cleft grafting is most commonly used.

Cleft grafting is used when grafting a new top of a tree which is several years old.

Steps in Cleft Grafting

1. Select a clean, smooth limb Between 2 to 3 cm in diameter and saw it off.

2. With a sharp narrow blade, split the stub through the middle, taking care to make a clean slit.

3. Cut two scions with three buds each and about 10 to 15 cm. Sharpen the lower end of each scion to form a long, evenly tapering wedge.

4. Open the cleft in the stub by forcing a chisel or any similar instrument into its center.

5. Insert the wedge-shaped end of scion so that its innermost bark lies against the innermost bark of the split stub.

6. Cover all cut surfaces immediately with soil. Let both scions grow from one to two years.

E. Budding. This method makes use of a single bud as the scion instead of the stem bearing several buds. It is transferring the lateral bud from the scion to the stock of the same family or genus. It is generally used on young plants or smaller branches of large plants where the buds can be inserted into shoots 1 to 3 cm in diameter. The most common form of budding is shield, patch, plate, and chip budding.

Steps in T-Budding

1. Pick well-developed buds from the terminal growth of a desired variety.

2. Clip off the leaves immediately to stop evaporation.

3. Select a smooth area and cut a T-shaped slit through the bark.

4. Insert the bud from the bud stalk with a shield-shaped piece of bark and a very thin layer of wood under the slit. Slip the bud on the stock and shove it into position.

5. Tie the bud securely above and below with a soft cord and a plastic sheet or raffia.

6. If union has taken place after two weeks, cut the raffia on the side away from the bud to prevent girdling. A living bud is greenish in color, while a dead on is blackish.

7. Cut the stock smoothly when it reaches the height of 30 cm. Cover the surface with pine tar or house paint to prevent decay.

F. Inarching. In this method of propagation, the scion is made to unite with the rootstock while growing on there own root systems. Inarching is usually done on branches where the scion stem is of the same size as the rootstock.

Steps in Inarching

1. Select an actively growing rootstock and bring it to the branch you intend to graft.

2. Cut a longitudinal slit half its thickness on the branch, and make a similar cut on the scion. Then fit them together.

3. Tie firmly with a string or cotton twine.

4. Cut the scion below the point of union, and the rootstock above the union when the two have been united. Make the first cut about half the thickness of the scion stem.

5. Make the second cut after a week.

6. If the scion does not show any sign of wilting after the second cut, cut it off completely.

Except for the regular watering of the rootstock, no other treatment is needed for inarched plants after they are tied together.

Answer 6

Budding, Fragmentation, Binary Fission (Fission), Runners, and Tubers. Not Flowering!!

Answer 7

Fusion cell cloning and embroyo transplant

Answer 8

1) by cutting

2) tissue culture(test tube clonong and related techniques)

Answer 9

binary fission and budding

Answer 10

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