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The four key principles of natural selection are variation, heredity, selection, and time. Variation refers to differences in traits within a population. Heredity involves the passing on of these traits from one generation to the next. Selection occurs when certain traits provide a reproductive advantage, leading to their increase in the population over time due to the passage of time.
Four observations can be made to describe natural selection;
- Members of a population vary greatly in their traits.
- Traits are inherited from parents to their offspring.
- All species can produce more offspring than the environment can support.
- Not all offspring survive, due to limiting resources.
From those observations, two inferences can be made;
- Individuals with inherited characteristics that increase their probability of survival and reproduction will have more offspring.
- Favourable traits accumulate in the population as individuals have an unequal ability to reproduce.
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What are ways in which natural selection operates on ploygenic traits?
Polygenic? Natural selection usually acts on the phenotype of polygenic traits as they are suites of genes acting in concert to form a trait. If you had a trait, such as height, in two variant brothers then the aggregate would need to be selected for as the genes working in concert, but not equally well, would render different heights in the brothers which would be then visible to natural selection.
Discuss how unlimited food would affect the process of natural selection?
Not as much as your question implies. Less starvation and less selection for traits that conferred superior resource acquisition, but other things, such as sexual selection, would become vastly more important. Also birth rates would fall among organisms. Use some humans somewhere as a example of unlimited food being conferred on the organism. In a limited sense no one starves, but there are other environmental stresses and sexual selection is strong among humans. The food chain among other organisms would change and perhaps less variance would occur with less birth, but other environmental factors would still be in place here.
How did Darwins theory of natural selection influence the way in which people viewed the world?
Darwin's theory of natural selection revolutionized the way people viewed the natural world by providing a scientific explanation for the diversity of life. It challenged traditional religious beliefs and contributed to the development of modern evolutionary biology. Darwin's work also paved the way for a greater understanding of adaptation, biodiversity, and the interconnectedness of all living things.
What is another explanation of how natural selection produced domesticated dogs?
Technically, I think that the domestication of dogs was a product of both natural and artificial selection. It probably started out naturally, with wolves living in close proximity to humans and scavenging from their waste, gradually becoming adapted to co-existing with human populations. Wolf populations living in close proximity to human settlements might adapt to them in a way similar to what happens with predation: humans would hunt and kill off the more aggressive packs, unwittingly ensuring that the surviving packs would be more timid, more prone to domestication. Then humans began taking wolves into their households, for whatever reason, and training their captive offspring. Though there might not at this point have been conscious efforts to breed gentler wolves, nevertheless at this point we should speak of artificial selection rather than natural selection: misbehaving captive wolves would be killed, the more docile survivors would breed. But that's just one hypothesis. Most hypotheses will go along the same global lines though.
What would be an example of a behavior shaped through natural selection?
A simplified example of mating behavior. If young men wanted old women as mates their genes would be selected out, as they would have few children to pass those genes to, until negative frequency selection reduced these allele in the gene pool. Men who desire young, fertile women as mates leave many descendents that carry the genes for this trait. So, over generations the mating behavior of men is shaped. and stabilizing selection keeps this mating trait/allele at high frequency in the populations gene pool.
How would you describe the process of selection with a diagram?
Here is a diagram showing the process of natural selection: https://bioteaching.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/img1.jpg
When lions prey on a herd of antelope some antelope are killed and some escape which part of Darwins concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation?
Survival of the fittest would be used to describe this situation.
What term can be used to describe natural selection?
Survival of the fittest
How would you describe science?
The knowledge obtained by observing natural events and conditions in order to discover facts and formulate laws or principles that can be verified or tested.
is natural selection distributive?
I'm not entirely sure what you mean by 'distributive'. I would describe natural selection as a filter. Imagine the gene pool of a population as a puddle of water, spreading across an even floor. Natural selection brings unevenness to that floor, limiting the spread of the water in some directions, promoting it in others - giving evolution direction.
Why would natural selection not occur in this poplutation?
What population? Perhaps you mean if there were no variation for natural selection to select from.
What kind of natural Selection would eliminate one extreme?
Directional selection
Do Darwin's theories of evolution by natural selection contradict the principles of biographic?
"Biographic" or "biographical" refers to an account of a person's life, and I see no reason why this theory would contradict any such account.
What would most likely occur over time if new technologies gave us information that challenged what scientists currently understand about natural selection?
If new technologies challenge our current understanding of natural selection, scientists would likely conduct further research and experiments to validate the new information. This might lead to revisions and updates in scientific principles related to natural selection. The scientific community would engage in debates and discussions to reconcile the new findings with existing theories. Ultimately, this process would contribute to a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of evolution and natural selection.
When lions prey on a herd of antelope some antelope are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwins concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation?
Survival of the fittest would be used to describe this situation.
What effect would natural selection have on a partially evolved bat?
it would die
Is inheritance a requirement for natural selection?
Yes it does. Without variance in the organisms genome, that gives variance to the phenotype, there would be nothing for natural selection to select from.
