A hive is something that bees live in and hives are something that you get on your skin from a reaction to something.
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"Hive" typically refers to a man-made structure where bees live and produce honey, while "hives" usually refers to a skin reaction characterized by itchy welts that can appear and disappear on the skin.
Yes, bees may change hives through a process called swarming. Swarming occurs when a group of bees, including the old queen, leaves an existing hive to establish a new colony. This natural behavior helps bees propagate and find new nesting locations.
The Langstroth hive is probably the commonest hive throughout the world, particularly in the United States. It was developed in the mid 1850's by the Reverend Lorenzo Langstroth who recognized the importance of 'bee space' and movable frames. Previously, bees had been kept in straw skeps and had to be driven away at the end of the summer so that the beeeeper could extract the honey harvest. By having movable frames the beekeeper can remove the honey without losing the bees. Most other hives in use today are derived from the same basic principle as the Langstroth hive and a non-beekeper wouldn't know the difference. In the last few years, some new beekeepers have been experimenting with 'frameless' hives again but haven't been particularly successful.
Bees leave their hives for several reasons, such as foraging for food, scouting for new potential hive locations, or to collect water. Worker bees also leave the hive to perform tasks like collecting nectar, pollen, or propolis. On rare occasions, bees may also swarm and leave the hive to establish a new colony.
Yes, bee hives do get overcrowded. A hive harbors bees in different life cycle stages, cells, and foods in preparatory and stored stages. It may become too small for its inhabitants and their possessions, in which case drones (male bees) will be ejected with less extreme overpopulation and new hives will be founded under separate queens with more severe overcrowding.
Bees stay close to the hive when rain is nearby because they can detect changes in air pressure. If is going to rain and the air pressure drops, the bees will remain in their hives.