well I know that they did not use Viking ship designs.
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In the 1400's, the European sailors used magnetic compasses, astrolabes and quadrants, dead reckoning, and hand lead line as navigation equipment.
The European Renaissance occurred from 14th-17th century.
food and shelter
Spain
Magnectic Compass Astrolabes Quadrants Hand Lead Line ~There are also more that I didn't list down~
Peasants provided European leaders with enough labor.