Browning had rifles made by other makers.
No, they are not.
Are you asking about double rifles,rook rifles or bolt action.
There called C02 air rifles or PCP air rifles
It is possible, yes.
No.
Long Action, Short Action
Book of Bolt Action Rifles should help
You would have to explain your criteria a little better. There are several ways in which rifles can be categorised. They can be categorised by action, e.g., muzzleloader (which can be further broken down into matchlock, flintlock, percussion cap, etc), lever action, bolt action, self loading (semi or full auto), breech block, etc.
Gas or recoil operates the action.
Yes
.22 to 450 Marlin