Short action.
The 223 is considered a Short Action rifle.
Short action
Try Brownell's
Yes
.223 is considered a short action cartridge.
It depends on the particular model of the rifle, not the caliber it is in. What model and make is it?
Neither.
If the rifle is chambered for the .308 Winchester cartridge, then long or short action can safely fire it. Long or short refers to how far the bolt travels when opened. The .308 is typically a short action- the 30-06 and longer cartridges cannot cycle thru a short action, and must be used in a long action rifle.
Normally a rifle chambered for .243 Winchester would be built on a short action.
The .17 Remington cartridge would be chambered for a short action rifle.
Long action.