If you're asking about " +P" or +p ammo, I'd say NO. Not unless it was a real emergency. This is expecially true if the revolver is rusty, heavily worn, or the cylinder wriggles a lot instead of locking tight after the gun is cocked.
+P ammunition has a lot higher chamber pressures than standard .38 special ammunition, and it is only intended for use in guns made for it, although I personally would feel OK using some limited amount of +P ammo in a full-size .38 revolver in good shape made by a quality manufacturer, if the gun is less than maybe 60 years old (give or take). But that's just me.
No.
Yes.
yes, but not too often in a light weight 38 revolver.
No, you can not shoot a 32 bullet out of a 38 gun. You should always make sure that you have the proper ammunition before you shoot your gun so that you are safe while shooting.
You can shoot them in a .357 Magnum revolver, but that's about it.
44 magnum and 44 special.
No.
Barrels have lands and grooves, not ammunition.
If it came from the factory with both cylinders, you shoot the ammo the cylinder was designed for.
38 Special. Stay away from +P
Depends on how old the revolver is.
Not reliably. The 9mm bullet is a bit smaller in diameter than a .38, and the cartridge has no rim- it will push into the cylinder. Brass is also likely to split if it DOES fire.