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From about 1800, when the invention of the cotton-gin suddenly made the cotton trade more profitable, and the South became an aristocracy of planters ('Plantocracy').

The acquisition of new territories from France in 1803 (Louisiana Purchase) raised the question of which of these would become slave-states and which would be free soil.

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 managed to balance the situation, but the vast new provinces acquired after the Mexican War in 1847 required a new Compromise. This one did not work, and the two sections became polarised through the 1850's.

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Q: How long was north and south divided before civil war?
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