From Article 2, Section 1, Clause 3 of the US Constitution:
"... The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse [sic] by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse [sic] the President. But in chusing [sic] the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. ..."
The Twelfth Amendment modified this to read:
"...The person having the greatest Number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. ..."
So - if the vote is tied in the electoral college - or if no-one gets a majority, the House of Representatives chooses the new President (with each state getting 1 vote) - unless they can't agree, in which case the Vice-President takes over on March 4 after the election and continues until they can work out an agreement.
The US Senate selects the vice-president if no candidate receives a majority of the electoral vote.
In this case, the US Senate elects the vice-president.
No. The Senate never chooses the President. The House of Representatives does, if the nobody win a majority in the electoral college. (See the related question.)
Because the popular vote decides which candidate wins that State's electoral college votes. In the present case, the electoral college will hardly have a choice and could be said to be redundant, but this has not always been the case.
The legislative branch has the power to -Initiate revenue bills -Impeach federal officials -The House of Representatives decides the President in the case the electoral college ties -The Senate decides the Vice President in the case the electoral college ties -Enact laws that are "necessary and proper" -Declare war
The Electoral College formally elects the President, a few weeks after the popular vote. Electoral votes go state by state, and equal the number of Representatives (aka Congresspeople) in each state. In the case of a stalemate, the United States Supreme Court steps in, and declares a winner. This happened in 2000, to settle the stalemate between Al Gore and George W. Bush.
A tie for first in the electoral vote count is just one example of nobody receiving votes for president from more than half of the appointed electors. Whenever that happens, the House of Representatives elects the president from among the top three electoral vote recipients. In doing so, all of the Representatives from each state together have one vote, and the winner must have the votes of at least 26 of the 50 states.
When the Senate approves Presidential nominees to the Courts or Cabinet members it is called "Advise and Consent." I'm not aware of any case where the Senate would approve the President. In the case of a tie in the Electoral College, the House of Representatives votes to break the tie, thus deciding who will be President.
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Four presidents have won the electoral college but not the popular vote. They are Rutherford B. Hayes, Benjamin Harrison, George W. Bush, and John Quincy Adams. In the case of John Quincy Adams it was decided in the House of Representatives after a tie in the electoral votes.
In voting for the president, the way the area or state (depending on population and representation in the Electoral College) usually determines how the represenative in the electoral college will vote for the president. But sometimes the rep. will go against what his/her region voted for and just vote how they feel. In which case voting did nothing. In voting for state reps and senate and house reps voting counts if you really get into that sort of thing.
Electoral college is actually the means which officially determines the election of the President and Vice President--if the votes are more than 50% for a single candidate for each office. They are actual people selected by the voters of the individual states; they are "pledged" to vote for a slate of President/Vice President, but they are not legally required to do so (and, in the case of death or disability, would be empowered to vote for someone else). They are "elected" for this single purpose, and electors for the major party candidates are usually chosen from among party loyalists in their respective states. If they don't get 50% in their balloting, the decision of electing the President goes to the House and the Electoral College is released from further duty.