Yes. Each state has National Guard units.
Bear in mind that the National Guard comprises both the Army National Guard and Air National Guard. The major subordinate commands of the Texas Army National Guard and Air National Guard are listed in the corresponding Wikipedia articles for each, which you can access by clicking the related links at the bottom.
The Governor of each state has the sole ability to mobilize that state's National Guard forces for emergencies.
Each state has their own National Guard headquarters. The office of the National Guard Bureau is located in Arlington, Virginia.
Each unit will be assigned to an armoury, and units out of that armoury will typically be from the immediate area. Each state has a National Guard (as does Puerto Rico).
There is literally no way to know this. Each state has its own division of the National Guard, and each state established their NG at different times. Sorry, your question is too nonspecific.
Each state
The National Guard is used by the states in times of emergency such as major floods. Each state governor has control of that state's National Guard. Members of the National Guard can be called by the Army in times of national need to protect the United States of America. The army is under the command of the President. They serve to protect the United States.
Yes, typically when transferring from one National Guard state to another, individuals are required to reenlist in their new state. This is because each state's National Guard operates independently under the authority of the respective state's governor. Therefore, transferring to a new state would necessitate joining that state's National Guard and reenlisting under their jurisdiction.
No, they are very different, primarily in that the National Guard has a state mission, while the Army Reserve is entirely federal. Additionally, the Army Reserve is almost entirely support units, save for a single infantry battalion, while the National Guard does consist of combat arms units.
Navy, Coast Guard, Marines, Air Force. Each state also has a National Guard, but all National Guards are officially part of the Army.
One National Guard Recruiting and Retention NCO (RRNCO) is assigned to each ?