According to the US Coast Guard's official history it was founded in Newburyport, Massachusetts For more on Coast Guard history, see related link below.
They guard the coast.
The likely term is "Coast Guard" (US Coast Guard)
report it to the U.S. Coast Guard National Response Center
Semper Paratus: Always Ready
The Coast Guard uses a HH-60J Jayhawk
The US Coast Guard motto is "Semper Paratus" or "Always Ready"
The Coast Guard is a branch of the US Military, so yes.
If one is wanting to find a US coast guard job, the best place to try for listings is on the US coast guard site. There are also other sites that offer these listings such as the "Military" website.
No, Coast Guard duties are by no means seasonal. The CG is a full branch of the US military.
The United States Coast Guard Academy is located in New London, CT
The Coast Guard is important to us because when boaters or rafters are stuck out in the middle of no where or in distress the Coast Guard are the ones that go out an save people. While the Navy, Marines, Army, and Air Force are unable to do so.