Yes.
All categories of business and industry are covered by OSHA standards, except for sole proprietorships.
OSHA does not cover workers, per se, as does an insurance company. OSHA enforces law requiring the work place to be safe.
a family who is exposed to hazardous waste buried under their house
Self employed persons are not covered under OSHA regulations nor are individuals working on there own property as long as they are an owner of record and not an employee.
There are many regulations under the OSHA, Occupational Safety and Health Act. The act provides guidelines for employers for providing a safe and healthful workplace. You can find complete OSHA laws and regulations online.
Since OSHA does not certify workers, the answer is nowhere.
No. OSHA is a different agency and they are responsible for enforcing their own regulations. That does not mean that Medicare would not contact OSHA should they come upon an issue that comes under OSHA's jurisdiction.
There are no OSHA standards specifically for cleaning. That does not mean, however, that the process of cleaning is not covered by OSHA. It is the individual activities involved in cleaning, and the cleaning agents used, that may be covered in one way or another.
No. OSHA applies to employers who pay employees to perform work. Volunteers are not covered, except for very limited coverage of volunteer fire fighters under one particular regulation.
The minimum would almost always be 3. Under some guidelines, 4 would be required. This is mandated specifically by OSHA and by regulations in each state or locality. It can vary based on the ratio of male to female workers. The minimum number is almost always 2, which also provides for malfunction in one. OSHA guidelines are one toilet for each 20 workers on construction sites (one toilet and one urinal for every 40 workers), so for 45 workers, the number would either be 3 or 4.
40,000 investigating officers. (2012)