A majority vote is required to get a conviction in the Senate.
it is the supreme authority of senate to ratify treaties with foreign nations by a majority of vote.
The Vice President is considered to be president over the Senate and holds the deciding vote. The true leader of the senate, however, is the leader of the majority.
A simple majority which would mean 216 of the 435 votes in Congress is needed to pass a bill of impeachment and force the Senate to hold a trial. (In order to convict, two-thirds of the Senators voting must vote to convict.)
There isn't a "president" of the Senate, despite Palins reference. The Vice President sits to act when there is a tie vote. He casts the breaking vote. There are Senate minority and majority leaders.
the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present
Most presidential appointments, including federal judges, cabinet members and ambassadors, require a simple majority vote of the Senate. Mid-term appointments of vice presidents require a simple majority vote of both Houses of Congress, and treaties require a two-thirds majority vote of the Senate.
(Senate majority whip)
Senate
No, Senate approval must be by 2/3 of the members of the Senate present for the vote not 2/3 of the Senate as a whole. See Article II of the US Constitution.
It is fairly unimportant, since the debate can be ended by a majority vote.
Independents can only vote in the General election in November. They can not vote in Democratic or Republic primaries or caucuses. Independents can vote for anybody they want to in the General election in November. Both Democrat President Barack Obama and Republican Candidate, former Governor Mitt Romney want the votes of Independents as well of the votes of people who are in other political parties in the Presidential Election on Tuesday, November 6, 2012.