Basic elements of standard unqualified audit report?

Answer 1

Introductory paragraph What was audited and the division of responsibility * management for the financial statements * the auditor for expressing an opinion scope paragraph The nature of the audit process Opinion paragraph The auditor's opinion on the fair presentation of the financial statements Explanatory paragraph If an unqualified opinion cannot be expressed, reasons why

Answer 2

The elements of an audit report

These are as follows:

1 Title:

the report is addressed to the members of the company, remember that the auditor is under a statutory duty to report to themembers of the company.

2 Scope:

The purpose of this paragraph is to ensure that the elements of the financial statements which are subject to audit areidentified (by reference to the relevant page numbers in the annual report).This is important to avoid misunderstandings in relation tothe auditors opinion. An element of the so-called expectation gap which is claimed to exist between users of financial statements andauditors is the perception on the part of some users that the entire contents of the annual report are subject to audit so identifying thescope of the audit is crucial.The following financial statements are subject to audit.

y

The Balance Sheet.

y

The Profit and Loss Account.

y

The Cash Flow Statement.

y

The Statement of Total Recognized Gains and Losses (STRGL). Note that company law requires the first two of the above list to be audited whereas the auditor needs to audit the cash flow statementand STRGL because these have to be produced to comply with FRS1 and FRS3 respectively, and compliance with accountingstandards is now an accepted part of achieving a true and fair view.

I

n addition, the auditors should disclose the details of directorsremuneration and details of any transactions between a company and its directors or officers if the company has not given the requireddisclosures in the notes to its financial statements as required by company law. Note that the auditor is also under a statutory duty to consider if:

y

proper accounting records have been kept;

y

the financial statements are in agreement with underlying records and returns;

y

proper returns have been received from branches not visited by the auditor;

y

adequate evidence and explanations have been made available to the auditor by the officers of the client;

y

the directors report is consistent with the financial statements.Auditors use exception reporting in relation to the above duty, no reference to any of these matters in the audit report indicates thatthey have been considered and that the auditor is satisfied.

3

The basis of the opinion:

The key point in this paragraph is that the audit is conducted in accordance with auditing standards, thisgives a benchmark against which the quality of the audit may subsequently be judged in the event of any external scrutiny of theauditors work. Therefore it is very important that auditors can demonstrate compliance with all relevant auditing standards in order tosatisfy external scrutiny as a result of, for example, litigation against the auditor.

4 The opinion:

The key parts of the opinion paragraph are that:

y

the financial statements give a true and fair view;

y

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985.

I

n the event that the opinion is qualified the heading to the opinion paragraph will state qualified opinion . . . .

5

Signature and date:

The report must be signed by a registered auditor and dated. The date is significant because it specifies a key point in the post balance sheet events review period and it will usually be the same as the date of approval of the financial statements.The audit report cannot be dated

before

the date of approval because the financial statements do not legally exist until they have beenapproved by the directors