It is located in Baikonur.
Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan.
Baikonur Cosmodrome
Baikonur
The space complex constructed in Kazakhstan by the Soviet Union and now operated by Russia is "Baikonur".
The rocket is typically launched from a spaceport or launch site, which is a designated facility equipped to support rocket launches. These launch sites are located in various places around the world, such as Cape Canaveral in Florida, Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, and Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana.
Astronauts launch their space shuttles from various locations, including Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, and Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana. Each space agency has its own designated launch site for launching space shuttles.
The shuttle missions are numbered in order of launch date. The next launch will be STS-125, which will service Hubble. Sometimes they launch out of sequence because of delays. STS-119 will launch in between STS-126 and STS-127. Assuming the first launch was STS-1, there would seem to have been 123 shuttle missions.
In 1990, NASA used the Space Shuttle Discovery to launch various missions, including deploying the Hubble Space Telescope and conducting scientific research experiments. Discovery completed a total of 39 missions during its operational lifespan.
The first space shuttle was launch in 1981. Space shuttle missions do not stay in orbit, they are designed to return to Earth after missions generally lasting 1-2 weeks.
Before and during the very first part of a launch, missions are controlled from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, but as the shuttle or other vehicle clears the launch tower, control passes to Johnson Space Center in Houston Texas.
There are a limited number of space shuttle launch sites around the world. Historically, the main locations for space shuttle launches have been Kennedy Space Center in Florida, USA and Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Nowadays, with advancements in space technology, private companies like SpaceX have multiple launch sites around the world.