What is the golden period of Islam?
The golden period of Islam was most likely the rule of the early
Ummayad and Abbasid Caliphs, whereupon most of the islamic middle
east was united under a single ruler. Under the early Sunni Abbasid
caliphs, in particular the Caliph Harun al-Rashid, science and art
flourished, in a time where Islamic culture vastly surpassed
western European society (which still dwelled in the dark ages).
The Golden age of islam can best be seen as the time period between
750 AD- 1258 AD, brought to an end by, not so much the Crusades but
more the Mongol invasion, the death of the last Caliph and the
gradual political fragmentation of the Islamic world.