Islam came to Central Asia in the early to mid 700s C.E. because of Persian and Turkish imperial expansion into that region. The various Turkic Tribes of Central Asia either aligned with the Muslims or with the Chinese Empire in the East, further spreading Islam all the way to Xinjiang/East Turkestan.
To be entirely fair, it was Türkic Tribes of Central Asia who spread Islam to China, but the reason that Arabs spread Islam to Spain, Sicily, and India was that they genuinely believed it to be the correct religion.
The Middle Ages were already under way when Islam began to spread in Arabia. It spread to Persia and Palestine. Then it spread into India, across North Africa, into other parts of Africa, to Asia Minor, to Central Asia, Southeast Asia, to Spain, Sicily, Southern Italy, the Balkans, the Philippines, and Indonesia. There is a link below.
Some of the regions where Islam spread include the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Middle East, Persia (modern-day Iran), Central Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, and parts of Southeast Asia.
Religions in central Asia include Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Christianity.
Islam came to Central Asia in the early part of the 8th century as part of the islamic-conquest-of-turkestan.
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Trade
Islam initially spread to the Arabian Peninsula, then expanded to the Middle East, North Africa, parts of Europe, Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and eventually to other parts of the world through trade, conquest, and cultural diffusion.
Islam is the major religion in north Africa and southwest Asia.
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