The governor of Illinois can call out the National Guard for emergencies.
In general, the president has more power of the Governor.
The governor, and that power may be delegated to the lieutenant governor, as well. Additionally, some states permit their County Sheriffs to call up National Guard units within their county as needed.
Police
Police
guardsman or reservists.
County Sheriffs do not have the authority to call out the Guard. That's done by the governor of the state or the president of the US.
To be a National Guardsman is your decision, but refusing a deployment can get you into trouble.
State Militia, or National Guard. Some states also have a State Guard.
Depends on that state, really. In all states, the governor will be able to. If the state permits it, a County Sheriff could call up both State and National Guard units in their respective county.
Yes. It serves both state and federal authorities.
The governor and president of the US are the only civilians authorized.