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Spain finally became a country unto itself when Isabel and Ferdinand completed the expulsion of the last Moorish kingdom in 1492. At that time the three large principalities, Aragon, Leon, and Castile wee united under one family with no foreign influence. The only time prior to 1492 when all of the peninsula had been ruled by one political entity was under Rome.
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The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabel of Castile and Leon in 1469 united those kingdoms. However the Moors still ruled part of Spain so the country was not whole. Isabel and Ferdinand continued the fight against the Moors and finally ejected them in 1492. That was the first time in history that one pair of monarchs had ruled the entire country. I don't know that there was ever a formal ceremony where somebody said "Henceforth and forever we shall be known as SPAIN".
Spain came into being in 1516 when the Grandson of Isabel I and Ferdinand II inherited all three kingdoms. While the Moors had been evicted from Spain in 1492 the kingdoms of Castile and Leon had been separate and ruled by Isabel I and the kingdom of Aragon had been ruled by Ferdinand II.
Isabel and Ferdinand co-ruled the kingdoms, that is they consulted each other and then did exactly the same thing at the same time in all three kingdoms but they never merged the three kingdoms into one kingdom. When Charles I of Spain inherited all three kingdoms they became the possession and responsibility of one person and one political entity.
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