The High Court of Australia is Australia highest court, and is the ultimate appelate court for all matters.
The Florida Supreme court
The New Mexico Supreme Court is the highest court in New Mexico. The highest appellate court in New Mexico is the New Mexico Court of Appeals.
The High Court
Yes. Texas has two "supreme courts," although only one carries that name. The Supreme Court of Texas is the highest appellate court for civil and juvenile cases, and the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals is the highest appellate court for criminal cases.
No. "Federal appellate court" describes a type of court, but not a specific court.Federal = United States government (as opposed to the state governments)Appellate = A court of appeals that reviews cases already tried in a lower courtCourt = Self-explanatoryThe US Supreme Court is a federal appellate court, but so are the US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts, so you can't really say "federal appellate court" is synonymous with "US Supreme Court.Because the Supreme Court is the highest appellate court, it is sometimes referred to as the "High Court" or the "Court of Last Resort."The correct name is Supreme Court of the United States, but most people just call it the US Supreme Court.
"Intermediate court" or "intermediate appellate court" usually refers to the appellate court between the trial court and final court of appeal (Supreme Court or equivalent). An intermediate appellate court is where the first appeal of a case would be filed. The term refers to the same courts, but "intermediate court" is a vague colloquialism that's not often used in the legal system; most of the time, people refer to a specific appellate court by name, or to the "appellate courts" or "court of appeals," in general.
There is no "local" supreme court in the United States, unless you're referring to the state supreme courts. Most states use the state name and the words "supreme court" to designate their highest appellate court, as in "[State] Supreme Court" or "Supreme Court of [State]"; however, a few states, such as New York and Texas, uses different naming conventions. In New York, the supreme courts are the state trial courts, and the New York Court of Appeals is the highest appellate court. Texas has two final appellate courts to handle its massive caseload. The Supreme Court of Texas reviews civil and juvenile appeals, while the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals is their highest court for criminal cases.
From the name "Court of Military Appeals", you can infer that it has appellate jurisdiction.
The High Court is the highest court because that is how the court hierarchy has placed it. Generally the most important and powerful institution is placed at the top of such an arrangement. The name of the court is irrelevant however, in the USA the highest court is the Supreme Court which is only a court of state jurisdiction in Australia. The High Court is the court that deals with appeals of all sorts, and constitutional matters.
The supreme court
In the United States, all courts have appellate jurisdiction except the trial courts. The federal court system is divided into three layers. First is the US District Court (trial court) hears the original case; if one of the parties believes the decision is wrong, the case is then appealed to the US Court of Appeals Circuit Court (intermediate appellate court) with jurisdiction over the original trial court. If the party that loses at the Circuit level believes the decision is wrong, the case may be appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States (highest appellate court). The chance of being heard by the Supreme Court is very small due to the number of cases submitted to them each year. Most state court systems follow a similar pattern, but the name of the trial and appellate courts vary by state. Some states have more than one level of trial court, divided by seriousness of crime.
Courts can be defined at the most basic level by jurisdiction. Original jurisdiction = trial court Appellate jurisdiction = appeals court