In the electronics field, a J4 variac is a type of electric energy transfer. It involves the variance of the electric energy.
A variac is a transformer device that controls the output of AC line voltage to an electrical or electronic device. The variac is available in different sizes to suit ones needs.
The J4 first appears in the 1949-1950 gun Digest
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A variac is a variable transformer that changes voltage levels, while a rheostat is a variable resistor that changes resistance levels. Both can be used to adjust voltage or current in a circuit, but they operate in different ways.
A single phase variac is used to adjust the output voltage in a circuit. It is often used for testing equipment, controlling motor speed, or regulating the output of power supplies. The variac can provide a variable AC voltage to the circuit, allowing for precise adjustments as needed.
single phase variac can give 0-270 voltage in ac forms. So it is used to know the voltage in any circuit.
By using a Variac Transformer
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The phantom loading is that no external load is connected in actual sense and the current and pressure coils are connected seperatly so that it will consume only less power. In this connection the voltage across pressure coil will be supply voltage even if the variac is in minimum position. CONNECTION Connect a single phase supply through a single phase variac. Connect the currect coil of wattmeter M and energy meter c1 and an ammeter in series to phase terminal of singlephase variac. The pressure coil of both wattmeter and energymeter should be shorted and connected to phase of supply (not to the variac). The terminal V of wattmeter and p2, c2 of energy meter should be connected to neutral terminal of variac. PROCEDURE Keeping the variac in minimum position and switch on supply. Adjust the variac to get different reading in ammeter and note the time for 5 Revolution of energy meter disc and obtain the wattmeter reading. FORMULAE %error = (R.E - A.E)*100/A.E , WHERE, R.E is the recorded energy = n/N (n=5 & N=energymeter const.) A.E is the actual energy A.E= (wattmeter reading*time)/(3600*1000) while plotting a error graph it will be having a zig-zag shape. Normally the error can be upto 10%
Obviously that you work it out for yourself... The idea is to make your brain hurt.
The phantom loading is that no external load is connected in actual sense and the current and pressure coils are connected seperatly so that it will consume only less power. In this connection the voltage across pressure coil will be supply voltage even if the variac is in minimum position. CONNECTION Connect a single phase supply through a single phase variac. Connect the currect coil of wattmeter M and energy meter c1 and an ammeter in series to phase terminal of singlephase variac. The pressure coil of both wattmeter and energymeter should be shorted and connected to phase of supply (not to the variac). The terminal V of wattmeter and p2, c2 of energy meter should be connected to neutral terminal of variac. PROCEDURE Keeping the variac in minimum position and switch on supply. Adjust the variac to get different reading in ammeter and note the time for 5 Revolution of energy meter disc and obtain the wattmeter reading. FORMULAE %error = (R.E - A.E)*100/A.E , WHERE, R.E is the recorded energy = n/N (n=5 & N=energymeter const.) A.E is the actual energy A.E= (wattmeter reading*time)/(3600*1000) while plotting a error graph it will be having a zig-zag shape. Normally the error can be upto 10%. Winston Netto SSET-SCMS Engineering college.