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This is a tricky question, since most of the powers that succeeded the formal Roman Empire still claimed descent from it.

Technically speaking, the Roman Empire split into two portions, the Eastern and Western Roman Empires, which were each led by theoretically-equal Caesars. The Western Empire, whose capitol was Rome, degenerated more quickly than the Eastern. The Eastern Roman Empire, whose capitol was Byzantium (Constantinople), lasted longer, and is traditionally referred to as the Byzantine Empire, even though at the time they considered themselves the continuation of the Roman Empire. The fall of Constantinople in the 4th Crusade (against the Islam Caliphate) is generally considered the end of the Eastern Empire, although the Byzantines remained one of several former-empire states for another century or so until they lost their territory to the Ottoman Empire.

After that, the Holy Roman Empire was the main European Empire up until 1806, when the last Holy Roman Emperor abdicated after loosing most of his power to Napoleon. And don't forget that Russia, Spain and England all had Empires as well, along the way.

Hope this helps!

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Q: What empire came after the romans in europe?
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