"To what extent is Israeli law based on religion?" The Israeli legal system consists of Secular courts and Religious courts. In a general sense, Israeli law is based on the Jewish religion as far as basic, core beliefs having to do with societal values, as 'Western' democratic governments tend to be (think in terms of, "thou shalt not murder"). For instance, the Israel Defense Force's code of ethics consists of a lot of Jewish influences and values (not necessarily law). Specifically, Jewish law plays out within Israeli law in issues of marriage, divorce and conversion. However, on the whole Israeli law is based on British Mandate law (and in land ownership matter sometimes on Ottoman law) and often the courts try and change religious law. This causes a lot of tension between the secular and religious citizens; the latter believing that religious law cannot be changed by humans.
Natural law is defined as a law whose content is set by nature and therefore has validity everywhere. Natural law theory not based on any one religion.
Natural law is based on nature and positive rights that inherently belong to humans. The Ninth Amendment and, to a lesser extent, the entire Bill of Rights are based on natural law.
No. To have laws based on a religion is an imposition on those who do not subscribe to that religion. If a law is sound, it can be justified without recourse to religion.
There are several Orthodox Jewish political parties that wish to make Israeli National Law more in line with Halakha (Jewish Religious Law). Currently, no Israeli Party wants to make Israeli law exclusively halakhically based, barring the Messiah's return. However, these parties are a minority; Israel's electorate is dominated by Secularists.
The term that best describes a government based on religion is called a Theocracy (Theo meaning God).
To what extent morality and criminal law overlap?
No. Israel is a country while Jerusalem is a city. According to international law, Jerusalem belongs partly to Israel and partly to the Palestinian Authority, however, according to Israeli Law, Jerusalem is a unified city under Israeli jurisdiction.
Personal opinion, based from religion, and if you obey the law your actions are ethical.
The Law of Return is an Israeli law that grants Jews the right to immigrate to Israel and become citizens. It is based on the belief in the ingathering of the Jewish people to their ancestral homeland.
It depends on the type and extent of use, and much more; there is no straight answer.
The Law of Return.
Human + Religion = Law