None, there is only scientific research stations in the antarctic.
Nations who agreed to participate in research about the health of planet earth -- by signing the Antarctic Treaty -- conduct research from stations established on the continent. Stations include work areas, living areas and storage areas.
Antarctica is a continent; the Antarctic is a region on earth. You can review the list of research stations here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_stations_in_Antarctica#Research_stations
No, but there are research stations funded by governments that signed the Antarctic Treaty.
There are research stations where scientists live but not functional towns
Many Antarctic research stations appear similarly: individual buildings sitting on foundations built to withstand katabatic winds and extreme cold.
There are scientific research stations on every continent. On the Antarctic continent, however, these stations are the only form of community and are the locations where people live when they work on the continent -- in pursuit of science.
Research on the Antarctic continent takes place in the research stations or in field camps, depending on the science involved.
There are no 'base camps' per se on the Antarctic continent -- if you mean a place where people prepare to summit a large mountain.There are, however, many research stations on the Antarctic continent.
There are no cities on the continent of Antarctica. There are research stations, and there are times when the largest station is McMurdo Station with a transient population of about 1,000 souls.
Humans predominantly live in the Arctic, as it is home to several communities, research stations, and indigenous populations. The Antarctic, on the other hand, is primarily reserved for scientific research and does not have any permanent human inhabitants, except for researchers who live temporarily in research stations.
All deserts have small communities. There are even research stations in the Antarctic Desert.