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1st clarify the question ....

By 'settled' is it queried when was it first 'populated' ie settled with people? If so the answer is 'forever', because the oldest surviving artifacts are coincident with end of the last Ice Age, but are sufficiently substantial and socially developed that they must have been preceded by ancient primitive settlements and populations of which no traces survived.

In terms of the traceable ancestors of the current scottish population, we are the descendants of 5 'species' - the 4 nations Angles, Britons, Picts and Scots, plus the Norsemen (Vikings) who controlled the Northern and Western Isles into the 12th centuryAD. The Angles generally occupied the southeast, the Britons the southwest, both with territorial spread across the current political border. The Picts were the inhabitants of the mountainous highland area from the retreat of the ice and the Scots invaded from Ireland.

Myth is that the Scots originated in the Black Sea and were displaced into their boats to survive where they could settle. This is rather romantically (but unsubstantiated) documented in the Declaration of Arbroath, the famous and beautifully written request to the Pope of the day in 1320 to respect the sovereignty of Scotland established by battle in 1314, and requesting the Pope to instruct the English king to desist from attempting to invade the Scots. If only.

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Q: How long ago was the country of Scotland first settled?
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