The word multiple is a noun, a singular, common noun; a word for a number that can be divided by another number without a remainder.
LCM
The least common multiple, or LCM.
The word 'multiple' is a noun as well as an adjective. The noun multiple is a singular, common noun; a word for a number that can be divided by another number with no remainder. A number is a thing.
multiples
dozen
It is many cells see multi is another word for multiple and multiple means more so more cells
Multidisciplinary is another word for interdisciplinary, meaning involving multiple disciplines or fields of study to address complex problems.
Times, Per, Multiple, X, () are all words for multiply
Bountiful, large, and great. numerous a lot many multiple
That is a pretty specific word you got there, and there is no "real" synonym for it. You could explain the process of binary fission or you could compare it with multiple fission.
Common multiple. Incidentally, it need not be the least common multiple. Using the least common multiple instead of any common multiple means that the numbers involved in the calculations are smaller but does not mathematically alter the results.