real definition of likert scale?

It depends on the specific likert scale, but generally it is the ordinal level

Can a 3-point scale also be called a Likert scale?? PS

The Likert type question is used to determine the respondent attitude or feeling on a particular specific item. There are numerous ways to set up the answer types on the Likert scale; see the related links.

A Likert scale is considered a quantitative measurement tool because it assigns numerical values to responses and allows for numerical analysis of data.

A Likert Scale Questionnaire is one where the subjects are asked to mark how much they agree with the point of view in the item. Rensis Likert devised it first.

An item in a Likert Questionnaire could be "People who commit murder should be executed."

The format for a five-point Likert scale could be:

# Strongly disagree # Disagree # Neither agree nor disagree # Agree # Strongly Agree The results are either analyzed separately, or the whole scale may be totalled or summed. Because of this, Likert Scales are often called "Summative Scales".

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The Likert Scale

See the related link for more information. The Likert scale with 5 points typically has a middle neutral (neither agree or disagree) choice. In the 4-point scale, the neutral choice is removed, so that person who is uncertain is forced to lean (even if slightly) one way or the other.

its mostly used in scaling responses in questioners and surveys

The correct formula is: 1.5 x (N-1) +1 where N is the score on a 7 point scale.

The correct formula is: 1.5 x (N-1) +1 where N is the score on a 7 point scale.

Procurement planning is a primary function of procurement

Quantitative

The Likert scale is a psychometric scale commonly involved in research that gives its participants questionnaires. It is the approach to scaling responses in survey results.

false

A likert scale is basically questions with many choices for the answer. Answers for agreement include strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree, or strongly disagree. For frequency examples of answer choices would be very frequently, frequently, occasionally, rarely, very rarely, or never.

Absolutely. SPSS doesn't care how you collect data; it just analyzes that data that you input. Likert scale data is usually treated as continuous, although this practice is not without some controversy from more conservative researchers.

Rensis Likert died on 1981-09-03.

Rensis Likert was born on 1903-08-05.

Likert-scale

my teacher just told me right now :P

That depends upon whom you ask, as there is some degree of controversy around Likert scales. Many people, myself included, would consider it interval data, and it is usually interpreted that way. However, there is another school of thought that says that Likert data is ordinal at best. Both sides of the debate have valid points, and this question hasn't been settled.

An incremental scale is a measurement scale where the units are equally spaced and represent a consistent increment of the underlying attribute being measured. It allows for consistent comparisons between values but does not have a true zero point. Examples include Likert scales and temperature scales in Celsius or Fahrenheit.

The scale you are referring to is likely the Likert scale, which is a type of rating scale used to measure attitudes or opinions. It typically consists of a series of statements that respondents are asked to rate based on their level of agreement or disagreement.

If you are considering a single ordinal variable, determining the mode or median would be meaningful, but the mean or SD would not. Many researchers do consider likert-scale data to possess only ordinal qualities. However, leading research studies, for example in the marketing area, obtain measures such as means and standard deviations from likert-scale data. Indeed leading textbooks also follow this approach. One concern has been that the 'distances' between points on a likert scale are not equal, for example the 'distance' or 'difference' between a strongly disagree and disagree is not the same as the difference between disagree and neutral. A recent study discusses these issues, as well as demonstrating that data obtained from 5-point, 7-point and 10-point likert scales are approximately comparable in terms of mean score (once re-scaled) and various measures of variation and data shape. The study reference is Dawes, John "Do Data Characteristics Change According to the Number of Scale Points Used ? An Experiment using 5-point, 7-point and 10-point Scales" International Journal of Market Research, Vol 50 2008.

Likert

Many researchers believe you should only report the results for individual likert items using the proportion of responses for each scale point. For example, 17% strongly agreed, 32% agreed, 10% neither agreed or disagreed and so on. The reason they say this is that likert data is not "equal interval" - the difference between strongly agree and agree is not the same as the difference between neutral and agree, for example. The data is said to be ordinal, not metric. However, this is actually not so much of an issue. Several research studies show have calculated the numerical difference between Likert-type scale points and showed they are very, very close to "equal interval". References for this are given in this paper: Dawes, John. "Do Data Characteristics Change According to the Number of Scale Points Used - an Experiment using 5-point, 7-point and 10-point scales", International Journal of Market Research Vol 50, no 1, 2008. In fact the data used for this experiment is available on the web, go to www.johndawes.com.au and click on "free data".

I think you mean a Likert scale, i.e. a scale that gives ordered responses that have no real numerical value, for example "Strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree." This is ordinal level data and is probably best displayed in a bar graph, with one bar for each possible answer.

T-shirt sizes: extra small, small, medium, large, extra large and so on.

Wind speeds: the Beaufort scale.

Earthquakes: the Richter scale.

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Likert (1967), Lankford (1994) and Veal (1997) list the advantages of the Likert method as including:

1- the fact that the method is based entirely on empirical data regarding subjects'

responses rather than the subjective opinions of judges;

2- the fact that this method produces more homogeneous scales and increases the

probability of a unitary attitude being measured; as a result, validity (construct and

concurrent) and reliability are reasonably high; and

3- greater ease of preparation.

quoted from:

TOWARDS THE RESPONSIBLE MANAGEMENT OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT OF TOWNSHIP TOURISM, By PRANILL RAMCHANDER, April 2004

The Likert scale is a type of rating scale that measures respondents' agreement or disagreement with statements. It typically consists of a series of statements and response options ranging from "Strongly Agree" to "Strongly Disagree." Respondents select the option that best reflects their opinion, and scores are calculated based on their choices to assess the level of agreement or disagreement.

it depends what you researching? what are your hypotheses and how are you going to treat your variables (ordinal, continous)? what scale are u using? 3, 5, 7 or more?in one case the analysis is a bit limited on the other hand there are many choices like Pearsons linear Gronbachs alpha and so on

Offer two similar versions of the product.

Give newbies a task to complete.

Measure elapsed time, or satisfaction on a 7-point Likert scale.

Release the better version of the product.

The disadvantage of using this type of scale is that you can not make statements about some percentage of the population "agreeing" or "disagreeing" with something. The population is not being described in an absolute sense. You can only compare answers across groups or across similar samples over time. Additionally the rankings are dependent on the particular list given. For example, you might say that ice cream is good on a three point scale but very good on a 5 point scale.

Scaling is a technique used for measuring qualitative responses of respondents attitudes. Two types of scaling include direct measurement (Likert scale and semantic differential), and indirect measurement (projective techniques).

A test is a specific tool used to measure an individual's performance or abilities in a particular area, such as a psychological test to assess intelligence. A scale, on the other hand, refers to a range or continuum used to measure a specific attribute, such as a Likert scale to measure levels of agreement or satisfaction. While a test involves a series of questions or tasks to evaluate an individual, a scale is typically a single construct or dimension being measured.

MEAN RANGE

WEIGHT

INTERPRETATION

4.5 - 5.0

5

Excellent

3.5 - 4.49

4

Very Good

2.5 - 3.49

3

Good

1.5 - 2.49

2

Poor

1.0 - 1.49

1

Fair

Disadvantages of using Likert questionnaires include limited response options, potential for response bias, difficulty in interpreting ambiguous or neutral responses, and the inability to capture detailed nuances of opinions or attitudes.

• Celsius scale is commonly used for measuring temperature in most of the world.
• Fahrenheit scale is mostly used in the United States for measuring temperature.
• Kelvin scale is used in scientific fields, such as physics and chemistry, as it is an absolute temperature scale.
• Richter scale is used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.
• pH scale is used to specify the acidity or basicity of a solution in chemistry.
• Beaufort scale is used to estimate wind speeds based on observed conditions on land or at sea.
• Likert scale is used in social science research to measure attitudes or opinions on a scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree.

You can readily convert data from a 5-point scale to a 10-point equivalent. The process is basically to anchor the end points of the scale you want to convert to the 10-point. So 1 stays as 1, 5 becomes 10. The points in between are converted like this: 2 becomes 3.25; 3 becomes 5.5; 4 becomes 7.75. Note that this assumes the data are "equal interval" (e.g. the distance between 1 and 2 is the same as between 2 and 3 on the scale). Many researchers are leery of this assumption but the leading texts on marketing research assume equal interval data for Likert-based data. A recent study in the International Journal of Market Research reported on an experiment where three groups of respondents gave answers on either a 5-point, 7-point or 10-point scale. After this re-scaling procedure, the three scales gave almost identical results. The study reference is: Dawes, John "Do Data Characteristics Change according to the Number of Scale Points Used ? An experiment using 5-point, 7-point and 10-point scales". International Journal of Market Research, Vol 50, 1, 2008.

check your answer

As it's commonly used, with each point representing a number, it's not a continuous variable.

For example, if someone hits a radio button for disagree=2, then it's a discrete variable.

If, however, interval choices between points are allowed by the setting, then the scale is measured and the numbers are assigned as fractions or decimals such as 1.88, it becomes a continuous variable, although still ordinal in nature as one can not infer a set ratio between each response.

Assessment could include statements reflecting beliefs about control over one’s life (internal locus) and control by external forces (external locus). Participants rate their agreement on a scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree, indicating their perception of control. Scores are analyzed to determine the degree of internal versus external locus of control in individuals.

Likert's linking pin is a concept that emphasizes the importance of communication in organizations. It suggests that managers play a crucial role in linking the organization's top management with front-line employees by providing clear direction, feedback, and support to ensure alignment and success in achieving organizational goals. Essentially, the linking pin acts as a communication bridge within the organization.