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Telephone circuits have gone through many technological changes over the years. The current telephone system is as follows:

A device called an electronic switch generates dial tone and is used to interconnect phone calls. It exists in your local phone company's central office. It is similar to a computer and is pretty hi-tech. The phone line has two sides, + and -, and leaves the switch, being routed through the central office and headed for outside. Before it leaves the office though, it is connected to a 48 V battery and puts some electricity on the line. It then leaves the central office through the cable vault and travels underground some distance until it reaches near your home. At various locations, the phone lines then come above ground and is what you're probably used to seeing attached to telephone poles. The phone wires travel along the telephone poles, or sometimes buried in certain areas, and eventually are distributed to your home. Finally, the wires are spread out to all of your "phone jacks" in which each of your phones are connected to.

The extraordinary part is that a typical phone line may contain between 20,000 to 40,000 feet of copper wire! So when your phone goes out, don't give your repairman such a hard time, and realize how much there is to analyze when fixing the line.

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Q: What is the circuit of a telephone?
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