There were about 14 telegrams
Not in an historical context. Telegrams cost per word, so the fewer words, the less expensive the telegram. Telegrams are purely historical at this point; in the US they can no longer be sent.
Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams was created in 1882.
Telegrams were first used in 1839 in Holland and were used elsewhere in the late 1800s.
Telegrams these days are different than telegrams "in the old days". You can still send telegrams all over the world, in a couple of hours if necessary. The big difference's is the way telegrams are send over the world. In earlier days telegrams where send by the telegraph-lines with Morse codes. At the other side of the line these codes where translated to words again and brought by messenger to the receiver. Today we don't use Morse codes anymore, but telegrams are still very important. You can use telegrams to congratulate someone, to send your deepest sympathy or wish someone much luck. Any occasion you can think of, a telegram will bring the message!
Japanese telegrams of "weather reports" were actually attack plans
yes
The exact number of telegrams the Queen sends each day is not publicly disclosed. However, the use of telegrams for official communication in the UK has decreased significantly with the advent of modern technology.
13
cypher codes
No, they had telegrams.
It is still possible to send a telegram all over the world. On www.telegramsonline.co.uk you can send telegrams to be delivered within several hours.