WW1 Air Warfare

Globalization and increasing interdependence can pose risks to the global economy by creating vulnerabilities to economic shocks and crises that can spread quickly across countries. This interconnectedness can lead to contagion effects, where problems in one part of the world can rapidly affect others. Additionally, unequal distribution of benefits from globalization can exacerbate income inequality and social tensions, potentially leading to political instability.

A command and control center is a centralized facility that gathers, processes, and disseminates information to support decision-making and coordination during emergencies or operations. It typically includes communication systems, data visualization tools, and staff trained to manage and respond to situations effectively. The goal is to provide real-time situational awareness and facilitate rapid and coordinated responses.

A mixture of smoke and fog is called smog.

During the Industrial Revolution Smog became a major health concern in some European cities such as London (predominantly lung disease and breathing disorders).

Smog can cause deterioration of structures and historical landmarks as the chemicals in the fog are slightly acidic (or sometimes alkaline), this can cause the structures to start to decompose and become stained.

In modern times there are still many large industrialized cities which are faced with the continual problem of smog, particularly areas in South East Asia and China

he was hunted by the enemy, and British, French and many other countries were afraid to be pursued by his bloody red plane. He also improved the morale of Germany's troops as he was a celebrity of the time

Lt. Erich Lowenhardt, German ace and leader of Jasta 10. I only have list of WW1 aces. There may have been other pilots by that name who were not an ace. Erich Lowenhardt was the highest scoring, living German ace by August 1918. His last flight was on 10 August 1918, when he left on a mid-day patrol and got into a fight with the British 56th Squadron of SE5's. His fellow pilots reported that Lowenhardt shot down an SE5 only to collide with Lt Alfred Wentz. Both pilots bailed out of their airplanes but Lowenhardt's parachute failed to deploy. His final score of 53 ranked him 3rd highest German ace of WW1.

During World War II, when the story of "Goodnight Mister Tom" is set, food and clothes were rationed in Britain due to the scarcity of resources. Rationing was a way to ensure that everyone had access to basic necessities, as resources were prioritized for the war effort. Rationing helped to distribute goods fairly among the population and prevent hoarding or price gouging.

That is a good question because there are no photos or movie footage of an actual WW1 dogfight involving several aircraft. There were some photo published that was said to be photos of a dogfight but the experts proved it to be a fake. There are probably many verbal accounts by pilots of their experience in a dogfight. But it is difficult to get an idea of the distances and expanse of the battle. Were the aircraft in close formation? Did the aircraft keep in a tight "fur ball" (using verbage from WW2 pilots)? One famous dogfight that had several eye-witness accounts was the last dogfight with Werner Voss while he was flying a new Fokker Dr.1. This dogfight was a little lopsided--- 7 British against 1 German---so I don't consider it an example of a dogfight involving multiple aircraft. In this battle, the British were taken by surprise at how agile the Triplane was and how it could make a flat turn to turn his guns on his attacker. Many aircraft in the early war could easily stall. So, many aircraft probably fell out of combat early in the battle. This would lead to a quick end of the battle as the aircraft became seperated.

Land mines have been used in numerous wars throughout history. Some notable examples include their extensive use in World War II, particularly in the European and Pacific theaters. They were used during the Vietnam War, the Korean War, the Iran-Iraq War, the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, as well as various civil wars and insurgencies around the world.

His death was another of those mysteries of WW1 aerial combat. Major Edward Corringham Mannock was flying a patrol mission to tutor Lt. D. C. Inglis. While flying at low altitude he came under fire from a German trench and a lone rifle bullet set fire to his fuel tank. According to Inglis, Mannock nosed straight down and crashed just as he had hoped Von Richthofen had(*). About a year later on July 18, 1918, Mannock was awarded the Victoria Cross posthumously for his "fearless courage, remarkable skill, devotion to duty, and self-sacrifice." * Mannock refused to drink a toast in honor of the death of the Red Baron and commented: "I hope he roasted all the way down".

The answer depends entirely on the skill of the pilot. Some pilots were deadly accurate shots and superb pilots and could down an enemy aircraft in a couple of short bursts. Others weren't so skilled and could empty an entire drum at an enemy plane and succeed in only creating new ventilation holes.

For example: French ace Rene Fonck fired 56 bullets and succeeded in bringing down 6 German aircraft in one day. A lesser pilot would have spent an entire drum of 500 bullets to bring down this many airplanes.

Richthofen flew a number of aircraft during the war. None of them were particularity special. Some had superior climbing ability or reliability.

It was the Baron's skill in both flying and shooting accuracy that made him a superior fighter pilot. But the Baron's greatest skill was his self-discipline. He helped develop many of the techniques used even today, for air warfare.

Modern warfare is a grey area. Most people would accept the definition to be when machines were used in war as opposed to men and horses etc. By that definition the start came about towards the end of WW I. Any war after that could be classed as an example of modern warfare.

Ferdinand von Zeppelin
Ferdinand von Zeppelin

Cousins
Cousins

The aircraft were used as primitive weapons in WW1. For the first few monthes they were just used for observing. Until 1914 when Roland Garros mounted a gun and steel deflectors on the propeller to save it from the bullets.

Five airborne kills is considered an ACE. This doesn't vary from country to country.

Manfred Albrecht Freiherr Von Richthofen "The red barron", with 80 confirmed victories, was an ace pilot in world war one.

The Concorde is the worlds first supersonic passenger jet. It can travel a speeds up to mach 2.02 (2,140 kilometres per hour)

The German public thought that they were winning the war. The German military told everyone that victory was coming soon. They had already defeated Russia in 1917 and had shifting their forces from the east to the west. They had recent military success in France until the arrival of American troops began to turn the tide. The German government requested an armistice just as the German Army's front in France began to collapse in late 1918. Also Germany's allies (Austria-Hungary & Turkey) were now being defeated in their campaigns in the Balkans & in the Middle East. The top Germany Army leadership clearly saw their impending military defeat and requested an end (not surrender) to the war, before Allied troops could reach the German borders. The sudden and drastic turn of events was kept from the German public, and most of the German military. The myth would grow that Germany was betrayed by Jewish bankers and not defeated on the battlefield. This would greatly influence Adolf Hitler & Germany to begin the next world war & the Holocaust. In contrast, Germany would be completely defeated in the next war in a way & manner that would be very obvious to all Germans.