Literary Criticism

Horace, a Roman poet and critic, is known for his work "Ars Poetica" which is a treatise on poetry that discusses the principles of literary composition. His contributions to literary criticism include advocating for clarity, craftsmanship, and moderation in writing, as well as emphasizing the importance of adhering to established literary conventions and rules. Horace's ideas had a lasting impact on Western literary theory and were influential in shaping the development of literary criticism.

Aristotle's contribution to literary criticism is mainly outlined in his work "Poetics." In this text, he defines the key elements of drama, such as plot, character, and spectacle, and discusses their role in creating successful storytelling. He also introduces the concept of catharsis, the purging of emotions through tragedy, which has had a lasting impact on how we understand the effects of literature on audiences.

Plato and Aristotle were foundational figures in Western philosophy and literary criticism because they laid the groundwork for many of the key concepts and methods that have shaped these fields. Plato emphasized the importance of reason and the search for universal truths, while Aristotle focused on the study of nature and empirical observation. Their ideas, such as Plato's theory of forms and Aristotle's concepts of mimesis and catharsis, have had a lasting impact on how we think about literature, art, and philosophy.

Sociological approach to literary criticism focuses on analyzing literature in the context of society and culture. It examines how literary works reflect, challenge, or reinforce social structures, norms, and values. This approach considers the impact of social dynamics, such as class, gender, race, and power, on the creation and interpretation of literature.

Stylistics linguistics analyzes linguistic features in literary texts to understand how language is used for literary effect. Literary criticism evaluates texts based on their themes, style, and cultural significance. The relationship lies in how stylistics linguistics can inform literary criticism by providing insights into how language choices influence meaning and interpretation in literature.

In the passage, the mention of extreme temperatures reaching as low as -80 degrees Celsius, the description of relentless blizzards and icy winds, and the reference to the limited vegetation and wildlife all contribute to illustrating the harsh climate of Antarctica. Additionally, the presence of vast ice sheets and glaciers further highlight the challenging environmental conditions in the region.

Aristotle is often called the father of literary criticism because of his work "Poetics," in which he extensively analyzes the components of a successful tragedy. His theories on elements such as plot, character, and spectacle have had a significant influence on Western literary criticism and continue to be studied and referenced by scholars.

No, in literary analysis, criticism involves evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of a text, not just focusing on failures. It aims to provide insights into the text's themes, characters, writing style, and overall effectiveness. Critics often offer interpretations, explore nuances, and engage with the text in a thoughtful manner.

The aspect of literary criticism that deals with whether the author's message is significant or worthwhile is known as evaluative criticism. This type of criticism involves assessing the quality, relevance, and impact of the author's message in a literary work. It focuses on determining the value and significance of the themes, ideas, and overall message conveyed by the author.

Matthew Arnold advocated for disinterestedness in literary criticism. He believed that critics should approach literature without personal bias or self-interest, focusing instead on the work itself and its ability to enrich society and culture. Arnold argued for the importance of objectivity and impartiality in evaluating works of literature.

The first known literary critic is thought to be Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher who wrote the "Poetics" around 335 BCE. In this work, he analyzed and discussed various aspects of poetry and drama, setting a foundation for literary criticism.

A post-structuralist literary critic examines texts by focusing on how language constructs meaning, rather than seeking a fixed or objective interpretation. They often challenge the notion of stable meanings or universal truths in favor of exploring the complexities and ambiguities inherent in language and power dynamics. Key figures in this approach include Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault.

F.R. Leavis was a prominent 20th-century literary critic known for his contributions to the field of English literature. He was influential in promoting the importance of close textual analysis and the value of traditional literary works.

Harold Bloom criticized the decision to award Stephen King with a prestigious literary honor typically reserved for writers he deemed as literary geniuses. Bloom believed that King's work did not merit such recognition and that it diluted the significance of the award. Bloom felt that King's popularity and commercial success did not align with his definition of literary merit.

The aspect of literary criticism that deals with the techniques and style of the author is known as formalism. Formalism focuses on analyzing the structure, form, language, and style of a literary work rather than its historical or biographical context. It aims to uncover the artistic and aesthetic qualities of the text.

Ernest Hemingway’s “For Whom the Bell Tolls” has been praised for its exploration of themes such as war, love, death, and the interconnectedness of humanity. Critics often highlight the novel’s stark and vivid prose style, as well as its complex portrayal of characters grappling with moral dilemmas amidst the brutalities of war. The novel is also celebrated for its poignant meditation on the universal experiences of loss and sacrifice.

Literary criticism on Martin Amis can be found in academic journals, literary magazines, and books dedicated to analyzing his works. Online databases such as JSTOR and Project MUSE are good resources for accessing scholarly articles and essays on his writings. Additionally, university libraries and research institutions often have collections of literary criticism that focus on specific authors like Martin Amis.

Matthew Arnold is widely considered one of the most influential literary critics in the late nineteenth century. His essays on culture and criticism, as well as his promotion of the idea of "high culture" and the pursuit of literary excellence, had a significant impact on the literary landscape of his time.

Some notable figures who have contributed to the development of literary criticism include Aristotle, who laid the foundations for analyzing literature in his "Poetics"; William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, known for their theory of Romanticism; Roland Barthes, who introduced structuralism to literary analysis; and Edward Said, who contributed to post-colonial theory in literature.

You can find literary criticism on "The Fisher King" in academic journals, books on film analysis, and online databases like JSTOR or Project MUSE. Additionally, professional film critics' reviews and essays on platforms like Rotten Tomatoes or the Criterion Collection website may offer insights into the movie's themes, characters, and filmmaking techniques.

The conclusion of types of literary criticism would typically involve synthesizing the various critical approaches to provide an overall understanding of the work being analyzed. It may highlight the key insights gained from different perspectives and evaluate the effectiveness of each approach in interpreting the text. Ultimately, the conclusion should offer a coherent and comprehensive interpretation of the literary work.

T.S. Eliot's "Murder in the Cathedral" has been praised for its poetic language, exploration of themes like martyrdom, and its deep religious and philosophical undertones. Critics have also discussed the play's depiction of the conflict between spiritual and secular power, as well as the complexity of its characters, particularly Thomas Becket. The play's structure, use of chorus, and dramatic tension have also been subjects of critical analysis.

The literary critic essay about "The Unknown Citizen" by W.H. Auden often explores themes of conformity, government control, and the dehumanization of individuals in a modern society. Critics often analyze how the poem satirizes the idea of the ideal citizen as merely a statistic, devoid of personal identity and individuality. They also examine Auden's critique of bureaucracy and the loss of human authenticity in a world driven by efficiency and surveillance.

Some short stories that are commonly analyzed under Marxist literary criticism include "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson, "Harrison Bergeron" by Kurt Vonnegut, and "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. These stories are often interpreted through a Marxist lens to explore themes of class struggle, inequality, and social power dynamics.