Aristotle

Matthew McAllister

After the death of Alexander the Great, Aristotle fled to the the Greek island of Euboea to escape anti-Macedonian sentiment. There he lived the last year of his life on his mother's family estate near the city of Chalcis and died of natural causes in 322BC

...Primum Mobile, also known as the Prime Mover. Aristotle believed this sphere was responsible for moving the other celestial spheres in the universe.

Aristotle proposed his geocentric model around the 4th century BC. This model placed the Earth at the center of the universe with celestial bodies moving in perfect circular motion around it.

Aristotle divided animals into two groups: those with red blood (vertebrates) and those without red blood (invertebrates).

Aristotle's method of classifying living things was based on superficial characteristics instead of underlying principles. Additionally, his idea of the scala naturae, or the ladder of life, was fixated on a hierarchical view of species that has since been debunked by modern evolutionary science.

Aristotle's classification system included three main groups: animals, plants, and minerals. Within each group, organisms were further divided based on their shared characteristics and traits.

1. The daily motion of celestial bodies appeared to revolve around the Earth, suggesting it was the central point.
2. Retrograde motion of planets, where they appeared to move backwards in the sky, was explained by placing Earth at the center.
3. The lack of observed stellar parallax (shift in the position of stars due to Earth's orbit) supported the idea of Earth being stationary at the center of the universe.

The first known system of classifying living things was developed by Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish biologist, in the 18th century. He created a system called binomial nomenclature, which is still used today to give each organism a unique two-part scientific name.

Aristotle's classification system was based on morphology and behavior, grouping organisms by similarities in structure and function. Linnaeus's classification system, on the other hand, focused on organizing organisms based on their physical characteristics and reproductive organs. While Aristotle's system was more subjective and based on observations, Linnaeus's system was more systematic and laid the foundation for modern taxonomy.

Aristotle classified animals into three main groups based on their method of reproduction: viviparous (bearing live young), oviparous (laying eggs), and ovoviviparous (producing eggs that hatch internally).

Aristotle did not develop the geocentric model; it was proposed by earlier Greek astronomers. Aristotle supported this model in his work "On the Heavens" around the 4th century BCE, arguing that Earth was at the center of the universe.

Aristotle observed that during a lunar eclipse, the Earth's shadow on the moon was always round, suggesting a spherical Earth. He also noted that as ships sail away, their masts disappear last, indicating the curvature of the Earth. Furthermore, the changing angle of the Sun's shadow on wells at different locations supported the idea of a spherical Earth.

Aristotle observed the curved shape of Earth's shadow on the Moon during a lunar eclipse and reasoned that Earth must be round. He also noted that different constellations were visible at different latitudes, indicating a curved surface rather than a flat one.

they both observed living thing's decided that any organism could be classified as either a plant or an animal. So they divided them them into groups depending on their differences and similarities and gave all living things a specific name

The understanding of how the eye works has developed over centuries by multiple scientists. Some key contributors include Ibn al-Haytham, who is often credited with the first accurate description of the eye's anatomy and function, and Hermann von Helmholtz, who proposed the theory of accommodation for focusing on objects at different distances.

Aristotle believed in a geocentric model of the universe, with Earth at the center and celestial bodies orbiting around it in concentric spheres. He also theorized that the universe was eternal and unchanging.

The Linnaean system of classification is still used today as the basis for modern taxonomy. It provides a hierarchical structure for organizing and categorizing living organisms based on shared characteristics. However, advancements in genetic analysis have led to revisions and refinements of the system to reflect the evolutionary relationships among species more accurately.