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Ancient China
China is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. The first historical records of Ancient China start around 2100 BCE. The period of Ancient China ends with the overthrow of the last dynasty in 1911 when the modern Republic of China was formed. This is the place for questions about all of Ancient China’s innovations in social organization, culture, literature, philosophy, politics and everyday living.
659 Questions
How was ancient Chinese clothing made?
Well, in ancient China, clothing was often made by skilled artisans using materials like silk, cotton, and hemp. They would carefully weave, dye, and embroider the fabrics to create beautiful garments that reflected the culture and traditions of the time. It's truly inspiring to think about the craftsmanship and attention to detail that went into creating each piece of clothing, don't you think?
Did the ancient Chinese drink milk?
No, milk was not a common part of the ancient Chinese diet. The lactose intolerance of many East Asians likely contributed to the lack of dairy consumption in ancient China.
Who was the emperor of China when gunpowder was invented?
The emperor of China when gunpowder was invented was Song Huizong, who reigned during the Song Dynasty in the 11th century. He was a patron of the arts and sciences and his era saw significant advancements in technology, including the invention of gunpowder.
What is the top of a match made of?
There are two different types of matches that can be distinguished by the different match heads. With both types, the main part of a match is wood or a type of cardboard-ish paper. The wood is commonly composed of white pine or Aspen due to rigidness and workability.
Safety Matches:
These matches are designed so they will only combust when struck against the right type of surface. The match heads are composed of sulfur (this is what you smell) mixed with oxidizing agents like potassium chlorate, colorants (dyes), fillers, glue (binders), starch, and powdered glass. The glass in the match creates friction with the glass in the safety paper which ignites the head and then burns the wood.
Friction Matches:
These matches are designed so they can ignite on any surface that will produce sufficient friction. They are composed of many of the same chemicals that are in safety matches, but friction matches also contain antimony (II) sulfide, which causes the fire to burn more vigorously. Friction matches don't have the glass present in safety matches, so they can be struck on any surface.
Ancient China went through several dynastic cycles that included periods of collapse and fragmentation. The most notable collapse happened during the Three Kingdoms period (220-280 AD) when the Han Dynasty fragmented into three rival states. However, China would later reunify and establish new dynasties, marking a continuous political and cultural continuity.
How were major decisions made in ancient China?
Major decisions in ancient China were typically made by the emperor, who held absolute authority. The emperor would consult with his advisors, scholars, and officials to gather different perspectives on the issue at hand. However, the final decision rested with the emperor, who would take into consideration various factors such as Confucian principles, historical precedents, state interests, and the advice of trusted individuals.
What leader united ancient China?
The leader who united ancient China was Emperor Qin Shi Huang. He was the founder of the Qin Dynasty and is best known for building the Great Wall of China and for his role in standardizing various aspects of Chinese civilization, including language, currency, and weights and measures. He ruled from 221 BC until his death in 210 BC.
There were 4 types of traditional clothing in Ancient China:
PIEN-FU
A 2 piece ceremonial costume, consisting of a tunic top extending to the knees, and worn with a skirt or trousers[ankle length].
CH'ANG P'AO
A one piece ankle length tunic dress.
SHEN-I
A cross between the first two, a 2 piece top and trouser/skirt outfit, but sewn together to make a one piece garment.
Hanfu
It was big skirt with full selves and with a trouser.
The sleeves of the garments would be wide, and loose fitting, with sashes being added as ornamentation. Darker colours were favoured over light ones. Lighter coloured clothing was worn more frequently by the common people. it also became origin of Hanbok, which is traditional korean clothes.
How do you spell ancient China in in Chinese?
Ancient China in Chinese is spelled 古代中国 (gǔdài zhōngguó).
What did boys do in ancient China?
Boys in ancient China primarily focused on education and preparing for future careers. They would often attend school to learn literature, history, and philosophy. Physical activities such as martial arts and archery were also taught to boys as a means of developing discipline and strength. Additionally, boys were expected to help with family chores and support their parents as they grew older.
NCAA matches generally consist of a best out of 5 set match while high school volleyball is generally played to a best of 3 set match. The sets are played to 25 points without a point cap and the team must win by 2
What gods and goddesses did the people of ancient china believe in?
AAo
Descriptio: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy nparades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao.
Ch'ang-o
Other Names: Heng-o.
Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I.
Ch'eng-Huang
Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang.
Rules Over: Protection, justice.
Chih-Nii
Other Names: Chih Nu
Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds.
Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain.
Ch'in-Shu-Pao
Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors.
Rules Over: Protection, privacy.
Chuang-Mu
Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights.
Rules Over: Sex.
Chu-Jung
Description: God of fire and executions.
Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death.
Erh-Lang
Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped.
Rules Over: Protection from evil.
Feng-Po-Po
Description: Goddess of winds.
Rules Over: Storms, moisture.
Fu-Hsi
Other Names: Fu-Hsing.
Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat.
Rules Over: Destiny, love, success.
Hou-Chi
Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head.
Rules Over: Harvest, crops.
Hsi Wang Mu
Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo.
Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality.
Rules Over: Curing disease.
Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti
Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons.
Rules Over: Exorcism.
Hu-Tu
Other Names: Hou-T'u
Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice.
Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility.
I-Ti
Description: God of wine who invented winemaking.
Rules Over: Wine.
Kuan Ti
Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face.
Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy.
Kuan Yin
Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon.
Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her.
Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment.
K'uei-Hsing
Other Names: Chung-Kuei.
Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students.
Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students.
Lan Ts'ai-Ho
Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit.
Rules Over: Music, fertility.
Lao-Tien-Yeh
Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven."
Lei-King
Other Names: Lei-Kung.
Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch.
Rules Over: Justice, punishment.
Lo Shen
Description: Goddess of rivers.
Rules Over: Water magick.
Lu-Hsing
Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on.
Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment.
Lu-Pan
Other Names: Lupan.
Description: God of carpenters and masons.
Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame.
Ma-Ku
Description: Goddess of springtime.
Rules Over: Spring rites.
Men Shen
Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace.
Rules Over: Protection.
Meng-Po Niang Niang
Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives.
Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives.
Nu Kua
Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind.
Rules Over: Creation.
Pa
Description: Goddess of droughts.
Rules Over: Droughts.
P'an-Chin-Lien
Description: Goddess of prostitutes.
Rules Over: Prostitution.
Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin
Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother.
Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor.
Sao-Ts'ing Niang
Description: Goddess of the clouds.
Rules Over: Ending droughts.
Shaka-Nyorai
Other Names: Sakyamuni.
Description: Historical Buddha.
Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization.
Shang-Ti
Description: The Supreme God.
Shen Nung
Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.
Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.
Shou-Hsing
Other Names: Shou, Lao.
Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality.
Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation.
Shui-Khan
Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins.
Rules Over: Averting evil.
T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti
Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti.
Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals.
Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success.
Tien-Hou
Other Names: Tien Fei.
Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger.
Rules Over: Protection.
T'ien-Khuan
Description: God who bestows happiness.
Rules Over: Happiness.
Tien-Mu
Description: Goddess of lightning.
Rules Over: Lightning.
Ti-Khuan
Description: God who grants remission of sins.
Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa
Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light.
Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation.
Tou-Mou
Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples.
Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement.
Tsai Shen
Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen
Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks.
Rules Over: Abundance, success.
Tsao-Wang
Other Names: Tsao-Chun.
Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes.
Tsi-Ku
Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang.
Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku.
Rules Over: Outhouses, divination.
Twen-Ch'ang
Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti.
Description: God of literature and poetry.
Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame.
Yao-Shih
Description: "Master of healing."
Rules Over: Psychic abilities, healing powers.
Yeng-Wang-Yeh
Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a special court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life.
Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice.o
Description: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy parades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao.
Ch'ang-o
Other Names: Heng-o.
Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I.
Ch'eng-Huang
Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang.
Rules Over: Protection, justice.
Chih-Nii
Other Names: Chih Nu
Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds.
Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain.
Ch'in-Shu-Pao
Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors.
Rules Over: Protection, privacy.
Chuang-Mu
Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights.
Rules Over: Sex.
Chu-Jung
Description: God of fire and executions.
Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death.
Erh-Lang
Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped.
Rules Over: Protection from evil.
Feng-Po-Po
Description: Goddess of winds.
Rules Over: Storms, moisture.
Fu-Hsi
Other Names: Fu-Hsing.
Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat.
Rules Over: Destiny, love, success.
Hou-Chi
Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head.
Rules Over: Harvest, crops.
Hsi Wang Mu
Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo.
Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality.
Rules Over: Curing disease.
Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti
Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons.
Rules Over: Exorcism.
Hu-Tu
Other Names: Hou-T'u
Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice.
Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility.
I-Ti
Description: God of wine who invented winemaking.
Rules Over: Wine.
Kuan Ti
Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face.
Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy.
Kuan Yin
Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon.
Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her.
Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment.
K'uei-Hsing
Other Names: Chung-Kuei.
Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students.
Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students.
Lan Ts'ai-Ho
Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit.
Rules Over: Music, fertility.
Lao-Tien-Yeh
Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven."
Lei-King
Other Names: Lei-Kung.
Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch.
Rules Over: Justice, punishment.
Lo Shen
Description: Goddess of rivers.
Rules Over: Water magick.
Lu-Hsing
Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on.
Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment.
Lu-Pan
Other Names: Lupan.
Description: God of carpenters and masons.
Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame.
Ma-Ku
Description: Goddess of springtime.
Rules Over: Spring rites.
Men Shen
Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace.
Rules Over: Protection.
Meng-Po Niang Niang
Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives.
Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives.
Nu Kua
Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind.
Rules Over: Creation.
Pa
Description: Goddess of droughts.
Rules Over: Droughts.
P'an-Chin-Lien
Description: Goddess of prostitutes.
Rules Over: Prostitution.
Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin
Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother.
Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor.
Sao-Ts'ing Niang
Description: Goddess of the clouds.
Rules Over: Ending droughts.
Shaka-Nyorai
Other Names: Sakyamuni.
Description: Historical Buddha.
Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization.
Shang-Ti
Description: The Supreme God.
Shen Nung
Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.
Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.
Shou-Hsing
Other Names: Shou, Lao.
Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality.
Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation.
Shui-Khan
Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins.
Rules Over: Averting evil.
T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti
Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti.
Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals.
Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success.
Tien-Hou
Other Names: Tien Fei.
Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger.
Rules Over: Protection.
T'ien-Khuan
Description: God who bestows happiness.
Rules Over: Happiness.
Tien-Mu
Description: Goddess of lightning.
Rules Over: Lightning.
Ti-Khuan
Description: God who grants remission of sins.
Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa
Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light.
Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation.
Tou-Mou
Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples.
Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement.
Tsai Shen
Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen
Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks.
Rules Over: Abundance, success.
Tsao-Wang
Other Names: Tsao-Chun.
Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes.
Tsi-Ku
Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang.
Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku.
Rules Over: Outhouses, divination.
Twen-Ch'ang
Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti.
Description: God of literature and poetry.
Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame.
Yao-Shih
Description: "Master of healing."
Rules Over: PsychiAo
Description: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy parades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao.
Ch'ang-o
Other Names: Heng-o.
Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I.
Ch'eng-Huang
Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang.
Rules Over: Protection, justice.
Chih-Nii
Other Names: Chih Nu
Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds.
Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain.
Ch'in-Shu-Pao
Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors.
Rules Over: Protection, privacy.
Chuang-Mu
Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights.
Rules Over: Sex.
Chu-Jung
Description: God of fire and executions.
Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death.
Erh-Lang
Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped.
Rules Over: Protection from evil.
Feng-Po-Po
Description: Goddess of winds.
Rules Over: Storms, moisture.
Fu-Hsi
Other Names: Fu-Hsing.
Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat.
Rules Over: Destiny, love, success.
Hou-Chi
Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head.
Rules Over: Harvest, crops.
Hsi Wang Mu
Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo.
Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality.
Rules Over: Curing disease.
Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti
Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons.
Rules Over: Exorcism.
Hu-Tu
Other Names: Hou-T'u
Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice.
Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility.
I-Ti
Description: God of wine who invented winemaking.
Rules Over: Wine.
Kuan Ti
Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face.
Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy.
Kuan Yin
Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon.
Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her.
Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment.
K'uei-Hsing
Other Names: Chung-Kuei.
Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students.
Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students.
Lan Ts'ai-Ho
Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit.
Rules Over: Music, fertility.
Lao-Tien-Yeh
Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven."
Lei-King
Other Names: Lei-Kung.
Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch.
Rules Over: Justice, punishment.
Lo Shen
Description: Goddess of rivers.
Rules Over: Water magick.
Lu-Hsing
Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on.
Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment.
Lu-Pan
Other Names: Lupan.
Description: God of carpenters and masons.
Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame.
Ma-Ku
Description: Goddess of springtime.
Rules Over: Spring rites.
Men Shen
Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace.
Rules Over: Protection.
Meng-Po Niang Niang
Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives.
Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives.
Nu Kua
Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind.
Rules Over: Creation.
Pa
Description: Goddess of droughts.
Rules Over: Droughts.
P'an-Chin-Lien
Description: Goddess of prostitutes.
Rules Over: Prostitution.
Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin
Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother.
Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor.
Sao-Ts'ing Niang
Description: Goddess of the clouds.
Rules Over: Ending droughts.
Shaka-Nyorai
Other Names: Sakyamuni.
Description: Historical Buddha.
Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization.
Shang-Ti
Description: The Supreme God.
Shen Nung
Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.
Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.
Shou-Hsing
Other Names: Shou, Lao.
Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality.
Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation.
Shui-Khan
Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins.
Rules Over: Averting evil.
T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti
Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti.
Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals.
Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success.
Tien-Hou
Other Names: Tien Fei.
Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger.
Rules Over: Protection.
T'ien-Khuan
Description: God who bestows happiness.
Rules Over: Happiness.
Tien-Mu
Description: Goddess of lightning.
Rules Over: Lightning.
Ti-Khuan
Description: God who grants remission of sins.
Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa
Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light.
Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation.
Tou-Mou
Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples.
Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement.
Tsai Shen
Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen
Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks.
Rules Over: Abundance, success.
Tsao-Wang
Other Names: Tsao-Chun.
Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes.
Tsi-Ku
Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang.
Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku.
Rules Over: Outhouses, divination.
Twen-Ch'ang
Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti.
Description: God of literature and poetry.
Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame.
Yao-Shih
Description: "Master of healing."
Rules Over: Psychic abilities, healing powers.
Yeng-Wang-Yeh
Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a spAo
Description: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy parades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao.
Ch'ang-o
Other Names: Heng-o.
Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I.
Ch'eng-Huang
Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang.
Rules Over: Protection, justice.
Chih-Nii
Other Names: Chih Nu
Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds.
Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain.
Ch'in-Shu-Pao
Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors.
Rules Over: Protection, privacy.
Chuang-Mu
Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights.
Rules Over: Sex.
Chu-Jung
Description: God of fire and executions.
Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death.
Erh-Lang
Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped.
Rules Over: Protection from evil.
Feng-Po-Po
Description: Goddess of winds.
Rules Over: Storms, moisture.
Fu-Hsi
Other Names: Fu-Hsing.
Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat.
Rules Over: Destiny, love, success.
Hou-Chi
Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head.
Rules Over: Harvest, crops.
Hsi Wang Mu
Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo.
Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality.
Rules Over: Curing disease.
Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti
Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons.
Rules Over: Exorcism.
Hu-Tu
Other Names: Hou-T'u
Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice.
Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility.
I-Ti
Description: God of wine who invented winemaking.
Rules Over: Wine.
Kuan Ti
Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face.
Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy.
Kuan Yin
Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon.
Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her.
Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment.
K'uei-Hsing
Other Names: Chung-Kuei.
Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students.
Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students.
Lan Ts'ai-Ho
Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit.
Rules Over: Music, fertility.
Lao-Tien-Yeh
Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven."
Lei-King
Other Names: Lei-Kung.
Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch.
Rules Over: Justice, punishment.
Lo Shen
Description: Goddess of rivers.
Rules Over: Water magick.
Lu-Hsing
Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on.
Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment.
Lu-Pan
Other Names: Lupan.
Description: God of carpenters and masons.
Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame.
Ma-Ku
Description: Goddess of springtime.
Rules Over: Spring rites.
Men Shen
Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace.
Rules Over: Protection.
Meng-Po Niang Niang
Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives.
Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives.
Nu Kua
Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind.
Rules Over: Creation.
Pa
Description: Goddess of droughts.
Rules Over: Droughts.
P'an-Chin-Lien
Description: Goddess of prostitutes.
Rules Over: Prostitution.
Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin
Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother.
Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor.
Sao-Ts'ing Niang
Description: Goddess of the clouds.
Rules Over: Ending droughts.
Shaka-Nyorai
Other Names: Sakyamuni.
Description: Historical Buddha.
Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization.
Shang-Ti
Description: The Supreme God.
Shen Nung
Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.
Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.
Shou-Hsing
Other Names: Shou, Lao.
Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality.
Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation.
Shui-Khan
Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins.
Rules Over: Averting evil.
T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti
Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti.
Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals.
Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success.
Tien-Hou
Other Names: Tien Fei.
Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger.
Rules Over: Protection.
T'ien-Khuan
Description: God who bestows happiness.
Rules Over: Happiness.
Tien-Mu
Description: Goddess of lightning.
Rules Over: Lightning.
Ti-Khuan
Description: God who grants remission of sins.
Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa
Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light.
Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation.
Tou-Mou
Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples.
Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement.
Tsai Shen
Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen
Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks.
Rules Over: Abundance, success.
Tsao-Wang
Other Names: Tsao-Chun.
Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes.
Tsi-Ku
Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang.
Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku.
Rules Over: Outhouses, divination.
Twen-Ch'ang
Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti.
Description: God of literature and poetry.
Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame.
Yao-Shih
Description: "Master of healing."
Rules Over: Psychic abilities, healing powers.
Yeng-Wang-Yeh
Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a special court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life.
Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice.ecial court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life.
Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice.c abilities, healing powers.
Yeng-Wang-Yeh Ao
Description: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy parades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao.
Ch'ang-o
Other Names: Heng-o.
Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I.
Ch'eng-Huang
Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang.
Rules Over: Protection, justice.
Chih-Nii
Other Names: Chih Nu
Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds.
Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain.
Ch'in-Shu-Pao
Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors.
Rules Over: Protection, privacy.
Chuang-Mu
Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights.
Rules Over: Sex.
Chu-Jung
Description: God of fire and executions.
Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death.
Erh-Lang
Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped.
Rules Over: Protection from evil.
Feng-Po-Po
Description: Goddess of winds.
Rules Over: Storms, moisture.
Fu-Hsi
Other Names: Fu-Hsing.
Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat.
Rules Over: Destiny, love, success.
Hou-Chi
Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head.
Rules Over: Harvest, crops.
Hsi Wang Mu
Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo.
Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality.
Rules Over: Curing disease.
Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti
Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons.
Rules Over: Exorcism.
Hu-Tu
Other Names: Hou-T'u
Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice.
Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility.
I-Ti
Description: God of wine who invented winemaking.
Rules Over: Wine.
Kuan Ti
Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face.
Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy.
Kuan Yin
Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon.
Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her.
Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment.
K'uei-Hsing
Other Names: Chung-Kuei.
Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students.
Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students.
Lan Ts'ai-Ho
Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit.
Rules Over: Music, fertility.
Lao-Tien-Yeh
Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven."
Lei-King
Other Names: Lei-Kung.
Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch.
Rules Over: Justice, punishment.
Lo Shen
Description: Goddess of rivers.
Rules Over: Water magick.
Lu-Hsing
Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on.
Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment.
Lu-Pan
Other Names: Lupan.
Description: God of carpenters and masons.
Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame.
Ma-Ku
Description: Goddess of springtime.
Rules Over: Spring rites.
Men Shen
Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace.
Rules Over: Protection.
Meng-Po Niang Niang
Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives.
Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives.
Nu Kua
Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind.
Rules Over: Creation.
Pa
Description: Goddess of droughts.
Rules Over: Droughts.
P'an-Chin-Lien
Description: Goddess of prostitutes.
Rules Over: Prostitution.
Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin
Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother.
Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor.
Sao-Ts'ing Niang
Description: Goddess of the clouds.
Rules Over: Ending droughts.
Shaka-Nyorai
Other Names: Sakyamuni.
Description: Historical Buddha.
Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization.
Shang-Ti
Description: The Supreme God.
Shen Nung
Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.
Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture.
Shou-Hsing
Other Names: Shou, Lao.
Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality.
Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation.
Shui-Khan
Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins.
Rules Over: Averting evil.
T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti
Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti.
Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals.
Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success.
Tien-Hou
Other Names: Tien Fei.
Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger.
Rules Over: Protection.
T'ien-Khuan
Description: God who bestows happiness.
Rules Over: Happiness.
Tien-Mu
Description: Goddess of lightning.
Rules Over: Lightning.
Ti-Khuan
Description: God who grants remission of sins.
Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa
Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light.
Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation.
Tou-Mou
Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples.
Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement.
Tsai Shen
Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen
Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks.
Rules Over: Abundance, success.
Tsao-Wang
Other Names: Tsao-Chun.
Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes.
Tsi-Ku
Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang.
Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku.
Rules Over: Outhouses, divination.
Twen-Ch'ang
Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti.
Description: God of literature and poetry.
Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame.
Yao-Shih
Description: "Master of healing."
Rules Over: Psychic abilities, healing powers.
Yeng-Wang-Yeh
Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a special court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life.
Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice.
Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a special court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life.
Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice.
How did the Chinese compass affect people's lives in Ancient China?
It didn't let people get lost so easily.
A geographical feature of ancient China?
Gobi Desert, Himalayas, The Great Wall, Takla Makan Desert, Huang River, Yangtze River and the Pacific Ocean.
Compare the Shang system of government with that of the Pharaoh's government in Egypt?
Shang system of government is who invented a very sophisticated writing system. Pharaohs government in Egypt is the most powerful person in ancient Egypt.
What invention helped make literature more available and more popular in ancient China?
The Chinese invented both paper and the technique for book-binding.
