Lutheran

Actually, the Catholic Church recognizes ALL marriages between baptized persons as valid sacramental ("religious") marriages. So if the couple was married by a minister in another sect of Christianity, like the Lutheran one, that marriage is recognized. Even if the marriage between two baptized non-Catholics was secular, in a civil ceremony, such as a clerk of the court or a justice of the peace, it is also recognized as a sacramental marriage, because the marriage is theologically contracted through the will of the spouses, and non-Catholics are not bound by formal requirements as Catholics are.

If the marriage is between a Catholic and a baptized non-Catholic, it can be recognized as a religious marriage if a few steps are taken. The Catholic person in the marriage may get a dispensation that allows them to marry a non-Catholic. You can also get one that allows the wedding to be preformed outside of a Catholic church. If you do both, then the marriage is in fact recognized as a religious one by the Catholic Church.

Either is correct. In the United States, "Pastor" is more common. In heavily Lutheran countries, "Father" is the norm. It is more a distinction of local culture and ettiquite than one of doctrine. Both titles basically refer to the role of the parish clergy as spiritual caretaker. Pastor literally means "shepherd."

As do the vast majority of other Christians, Protestants, like Catholics, believe that the miracles are signs (as stated in John's gospel) pointing to the divinity of Jesus Christ. Most protestants take the miracles literally as they remind us of the power of God at work in this world. Protestants also believe in miracles happening throughout history and today. However, unlike Catholics they do not revere anyone as saints because a miracle (or miracles) happened after prayer to that saint. Protestants believe that miracles can only be performed in the power and name of Jesus Christ and not by praying to a dead saint.

Because they have the same enemy the Catholic Church.

nothing

they don't necessarily have any specific beliefs as what to eat and not to eat.

Salvation by grace alone and through faith alone.

You are referring to indulgences. However, there never was a certificate or letter. It was understood. Indulgences can be granted by the pope for performing certain pious devotions, such as a pilgrimage. However, no paperwork changes hands as the Lord knows full well what has taken place. At one time people were granted indulgences if they made a monetary gift to remodel and rebuild Saint Peter's Basilica. Some, including Martin Luther, look on this as a form of simony which, depending on how you look at it, might be considered just that. Did the benefactors donate so as to receive an indulgence (simony) or did they receive an indulgence because they donated?

This depends on the church you attend. Each church within the Lutheran denomination decides for itself when communion is given. Some churches give it every week, or every other week, or only once a month.

In the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) woman are able to be ordained pastors. However in the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod (LCMS) and the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS) woman are not allowed to be ordained pastors.

There is no "leader" of the Lutheran church in the world because there is no worldwide Lutheran church. There are approximately 150 Lutheran denominations throughout the world. Each of these churches has its own leader, and the authority of these leaders within their denominations differs considerably from church to church because the ecclesiastical structure of these churches varies tremendously, from episcopal to synodical to congregational.

Lutheranism is the only major branch of Christianity that lacks a standardized form of church government. Martin Luther did not regard church organization as particularly important. He contended that the Church is found wherever the Gospel is correctly preached and the Sacraments are properly administered. Lutherans therefore believe that the Church is defined by its theology rather than by its organizational structure. All Lutheran churches accept as their authority the Bible, and the three ecumenical creeds (the Apostle's Creed, the Nicene Creed, and the Athanasian Creed), and nearly all accept the authority of the Augsburg Confession of 1530. Most Lutheran churches also accept the Formula of Concord of 1580, which summarized Lutheran theology. Lutheranism's highly sophisticated and systematic theology has been one of its great strengths, and Lutherans have tended to regard theologians as their "leaders." The absence of a unified global church or at least a consistent form of government within individual churches arguably has been a weakness of Lutheranism.

Although Lutherans have a high level of theological unity, the independence of Lutheran denominations creates at least some theological differences among the Lutheran churches of the world. While Lutherans tend to embrace a highly liturgical and "catholic" liturgy, each separate denomination is completely free to adopt its own form of worship, and liturgical practices vary among churches. Similarly, each church is free to make is own pronouncements about political and moral issues (e.g., abortion).

In Scandinavia, where Lutheranism until recently embraced virtually the entire population, each nation has its own church (the Church of Sweden, the Church of Norway, the Church of Denmark, the Church of Finland, and the Church of Iceland). These Lutheran churches have largely preserved the episcopal structure of the pre-Reformation era. All of these churches are divided into dioceses led by bishops. The churches of Sweden and Finland maintain that their bishops have remained in the line of apostolic succession. Since the Scandinavian churches have been state churches, the government of those countries have been the ultimate source of authority in the churches.

In Germany, the structure of the Lutheran church has been extremely complex and has undergone frequent changes. Throughout German history since the Reformation, each political entity has tended to have its own separate Lutheran church. Although a majority of Germans until recent times were at least nominally Lutheran, there has never been a central Lutheran church in Germany. At the present time, the Lutheran churches are organized geographically into several separate denominations (e.g., the Lutheran Church of Hanover, the Lutheran Church of Bavaria, the North Elbian Lutheran Church). These churches are led by bishops and are part of a confederation of German Protestant churches that also include Reformed and United (Lutheran and Reformed) churches, the Evangelical Church of Germany, which is led by a president.

In the United States, Lutherans are organized into several denominations. The largest, the Evangelical Church in America (ELCA), has regional bishops who have been brought into the apostolic succession through the ELCA's formal relationship with the Episcopal Church. The ELCA has a presiding bishop, presently (2012) Mark Hanson. The second largest American Lutheran church, the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod, is organized into regional synods that have presidents. The denomination itself has a president.

The large majority of Lutheran churches, presently 143, are members of the Lutheran World Federation, which calls itself a "communion" of churches. The LWF has no authority over its member churches, but it has an important role in coordinating various Lutheran activities, including mission work and enormous global relief efforts. The LWF has its headquarters in Geneva. Its chief officer is a president, presently (2012) Munib Younan, who is bishop of Palestine and Jordan in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land. The Lutheran World Federation includes denominations that represent approximately 70 million of the 75 million persons who are formally members of Lutheran churches. The number of practicing Lutherans probably is less than 75 million, while the number of persons who are at least nominally Lutheran could range as high as 120 million.

Along with the canonical scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, Lutherans accept the three ancient, ecumenical creeds: The Nicene, Apostles and Athanasian Creeds. They also formally accept the Lutheran Symbolical Books as true expositions of Scripture. The Deutorocanonical books of the Bible are considered good for study and edification, but do not necessarily hold the same doctrinal authority as the other books.

It depends on the church. Some you can; others (like Missouri or Wisconsin Synod), you must be a member.

Luther began studies in law and philosophy, but found them unsatisfactory and he did not complete the courses. He studied theology, eventually becoming a Doctor of Theology and a lecturer at the University of Wittenberg.

Lutheran beliefs are the same as Christian beliefs, other than belief that doing good things gets you into heaven and the sacraments the religions are the same. So in a simple answer they believe homosexuality is wrong.

That would be Martin Luther

Erasmus criticized Catholic Church officials for focusing on money and power instead of the spiritual needs of individuals.

Cash in a card is a common gift for a Lutheran confirmand if they are young. An adult convert completing the catechumenate may be insulted. Other common gifts would be an offering in the confirmand's name to a reputable charity or mission project, a crucifix or devotional picture or object.

It would be nice to know which beliefs.

Many people left the Roman Catholic Church, believing Martin Luther to be right where it comes to salvation according to Scripture. Conservative Reformed traditions still hold to the doctrines that were revived by Luther's influence.

In the 1500's, a Roman Catholic monk named Martin Luther, a German, objected to some of the abuses of power of the Church of his day. For his questioning that authority, he was labeled a heretic and excommunicated by papal bull. Those that agreed with his reforms were pejoratively labeled "Lutherans." As a reminder of the persecution they suffered, the name was retained, while Luther himself thought it very unfitting that a Church be known by the name of anyone other than Jesus the Christ. The Lutheran Church comes out of the "conservative reformation" which means that only things that were considered unbiblical or unjust were changed to be more in keeping with the early Church. Most of the authentic traditions of the historic Church were preserved such as the liturgy (Mass) and sacramental theology. It is the largest non-Roman Catholic denomination and is the State Church of most of the Scandinavian and some Baltic countries. There are also large numbers of Lutherans in North America and Africa. Many Lutherans do not find the label "protestant" befitting of the denomination as it does not have much in common theologically or in practice with the Reformed or "Evangelical" Churches. Lutherans and Anglicans/Episcopals more closely resemble Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy in worship and theology than they do non-historic or Calvinist denominations. The Cardinal Lutheran doctrine is one of "grace." The Lutheran Church stresses a life of faith and service to others and devotes many resources and services to humanitarian causes throughout the world.

Church steeples are generally used as bell or clock towers. The height of the steeples or towers are also viewed as a way of reaching skyward towards Heaven- appropriate for the Christian religion.

Martin Luther saw that what the Catholics were teaching about works righteousness, purgatory and indulgences was nowhere in the Bible and tried to reform and correct the catholic church. the catholic church did not change anything and declared martin Luther a heretic and he broke from the church and started his own religion

Yes. Lutherans use a general rite of confession as the first part of Worship. This is said by all in unison and then the Pastor announces that Christ has forgiven their sins "In the name of the Father, and the Son and Holy Spirit". There is also a liturgy for private confession with the Pastor, who then makes the Sign of the Cross upon the penitent and says "As a called and ordained Minister of the Church of Christ, I therefore forgive you all your sins in the name of the Father and of the Son and the Holy Spirit" There is no penance or prescribed set of prayers that is said. The penitent has been forgiven through Faith in Christ during any confession in the Lutheran Church.

he pooped in his pants