How does normalization reduce data redundancy?

Answer 1

Normalization is being applied for the database to reduce redundancy as in case of first normal for remove the redundant data from rows and in 2nd normal form it removes the redundant data vertically and in 3rd normal form it looks for the redundant data and whether it is non transitively depend on the primary key or not in other words it is the technique of breaking down the complex table into understandable smaller one to improve the optimization of the database structure and data redundancy is the data organization issue that allows the unnecessary duplication of data within the database. For example the first normal form where there should be one key in every table to uniquely each row thus no rows should be repeated and each entry must contain a single value and not multiple values .for instance employee, employee name, telephone numbers.