THe Miranda warning against self-incrimination.
Miranda Warnings (Rights) should be read at any time someone is being arrested and before questioning. Your warning not only tells you that you have the right to remain silent during ANY and ALL questioning but that you have the right to an attorney present during any and all questioning. Lastly, it also points out to a suspect that If they're indigent (poor) they have the constitutional right to a public defender.
Miranda rights
Miranda warnings are required whenever a suspect is subjected to custodial interrogation by the police. They must be read to each criminal suspect before they are interrogated in order to preserve the admissibility of their statements in court.
Generally a cop has to read you your Miranda rights as you are taken into custody or taken for questioning. They must be read even if you volunteer for questioning. They must be read to you before you are arrested, or as they are arresting you.
The suspect is in custody, or is not free to leave.The suspect is being asked incriminating questions.The Miranda Rights only need to be read prior to a custodial interrogation.
Police have to read you the Miranda rights if they are planning to use what you say in court against you. Generally this happens when you are taken into custody. Exactly how early they have to read them to you varies.
It is called the "Miranda" Decision.
On March 13, 1963, police arrested Ernesto Miranda for stealing money from a Phoenix, Arizona bank worker. During two hours of questioning, Miranda confessed to the crime, but was never offered an attorney during his interrogation and eventually received a prison sentence based primarily on his confession. On June 13, 1966, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed the Arizona Court's decision and granted Ernesto Miranda a new trial at which his confession could not be admitted as evidence. The ruling established the "Miranda" rights of persons accused of crimes.
Any time after arrest (or in custody by an LEO) and before questioning.
The Supreme Court recently confirmed that Miranda warnings are constitutionally required because of a 1966 case called Miranda v. Arizona. When a person is in custody, some version of the Miranda rights, such as the following, is read to the individual before questioning: "You have the right to remain silent. If you give up the right to remain silent, anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you desire an attorney and cannot afford one, an attorney will be obtained for you before police questioning." The Miranda rule was developed to protect the individual's Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. Many people feel obligated to respond to police questioning. The Miranda warning ensures that people in custody realize they do not have to talk to the police and that they have the right to the presence of an attorney. If the Miranda warning is not given before questioning, or if police continue to question a suspect after he or she indicates in any manner a desire to consult with an attorney before speaking, statements by the suspect generally are inadmissible. However, it may be difficult for your attorney to suppress your statement or confession in court. The best rule is to remain silent. You have the right to an attorney. Insist on it.Charles Miranda was a person who was arrested by police and not given any formal warnings as to what the consequences could be if he makes a statement to the police, especially one that incriminates himself. The two basic Miranda warnings are that you have the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney being present when making a statement. It further states that any time during the questioning you can remain silent and not answer any questions, the police cannot make any threats, coercion, or promises in order to induce you to make a statement: the statement must be of your own free will. It also states that you have the right to a court appointed attorney if you cannot afford one. Finally, it states that any statement you do make to the police can be used against you in trial.
The term "Miranda rights" comes from the 1966 case Miranda v. Arizona. This case determined that a confession obtained by rough interrogation was inadmissible. The rights that Mr.Miranda should have been made aware of were compiled and now must be read to suspects before questioning.