yes, but strich your booty later

The cast of Unterm Strich Null - 2008 includes: Alexander Albrecht as Jannes Xenia Assenza as Sascha

The cast of Auf dem Strich - Paul Flora im Film - 2007 includes: Paul Flora as himself

"Ostrich with its head in the ground"

Babar and the Adventures of Badou - 2010 The Brave Guy Starring Ms Strich 1-14 is rated/received certificates of:

Australia:G

Because he was a democratic repudlican who had a strich interpertation of the government. and cause he wanted to be :)

Frieder Schuller has written:

'Mein Vaterland ging auf den roten Strich'

nothing it it simple. take one wodden stick and coconut shell.both fix in the end.take one thread and strich from end to end.finish.

nothing it it simple. take one wodden stick and coconut shell.both fix in the end.take one thread and strich from end to end.finish.

Fritz Strich has written:

'Kunst und Leben' -- subject(s): German literature, History and criticism

'Deutsche klassik und Romantik' -- subject(s): Literature, Classicism, German literature, Philosophy, Romanticism, History and criticism

'Die Mythologie in der deutschen Literatur von Klopstock bis Wagner' -- subject(s): German literature, History and criticism, Mythology

'Goethes Faust'

'Schiller, sein Leben und sein Werk' -- subject(s): Biography and criticism

The cast of Maskerade - 1970 includes: Harald Halgardt as Arzt Otto Mellies as Arbenin Vera Oelschlegel as Baronesse Strahl Friedrich Richter as Leichenbestatter Helmut Schellhardt as Kasarin Horst Westphal as Strich

No, it is not safe to attempt to elongate the penis by pulling on it. This can lead to injury, pain, and potentially long-term damage. It is best to avoid any methods that claim to increase penis size through physical manipulation. If you have concerns about your penis size, it's recommended to consult a doctor or a healthcare professional for advice and guidance.

P--eople often think rosemary but actually thyme is much better. also anti againg is

O--strich eggs they are excellent at preventing sun damage! i also reccomend eating

O--mlets dailey. they are deliceous. bye the way u suck hope u like my advice LOL

Toni van Eyck has: Played Margot in "Geschminkte Jugend" in 1929. Performed in "Ins Blaue hinein" in 1929. Played Fritz schwester in "Revolte im Erziehungshaus" in 1930. Played Ilse Thorn in "Gefahren der Liebe" in 1931. Played Hanni in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932.

David Schalko has: Played himself in "Seitenblicke" in 1987. Played Kunde am Kabarettisten-Strich in "Dorfers Donnerstalk" in 2004. Played himself in "Dorfers Donnerstalk" in 2004. Played Himself - Starregisseur in "Undercover" in 2005. Played Himself - Winner: Best Director TV-Movie in "Kurier Romy 2011" in 2011.

How do i replace my walmart discount card online .

Alexander Albrecht has: Played Giuseppe Giulani in "Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten" in 1992. Played Jannes in "Unterm Strich Null" in 2008. Played Finist in "Moskau" in 2009. Played Josef in "Der Neubeginn" in 2010. Played Michael in "Movie Call" in 2011. Played Rocky in "Nachtexpress" in 2012. Played Lover in "Hard Stop" in 2012.

According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 3 words with the pattern S-RIC-. That is, six letter words with 1st letter S and 3rd letter R and 4th letter I and 5th letter C. In alphabetical order, they are:

strich

strick

strict

According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern S-RICH. That is, six letter words with 1st letter S and 3rd letter R and 4th letter I and 5th letter C and 6th letter H. In alphabetical order, they are:

strich

It is the barber caste. They also play music (nadaswaram - in marriages and other traditional functions) and also were involved in ayurvedic medicine...

The orign of Barber: 1st their treditanal profession is serving wonded warriers in battle fields. because of their tailent to using raser and needle to strich woonds and breaking bones, treditanally they involved in ayurvadha medition.

Some of court Barbers have direct contact with rulers(Kings) from that they also called 'Mantri'(the suggitioner)..

" the pre-mouryan are barbers: chandragupta mourya"

Roland Girtler has written:

'Aschenlauge' -- subject(s): Social life and customs

'Wilderer' -- subject(s): Poaching

'Vagabunden in der Grossstadt' -- subject(s): Case studies, Homelessness, Rogues and vagabonds

'Polizei-Alltag' -- subject(s): Methodology, Police patrol, Sociology

'Die feinen Leute' -- subject(s): Aristocracy (Social class), Leisure class, Upper class, Adel, Lebensstil, Snob, Oberschicht, Vornehmheit

'\\' -- subject(s): Aboriginal Australians, Customary law

'Der Strich' -- subject(s): Prostitution

Emilie Kurz has: Played Biskra, sein Weib in "Die Tochter des Mehemed" in 1919. Performed in "Der Staatsanwalt" in 1920. Played Dorfschneiderin in "Die Austreibung" in 1923. Played Princess Alloysia in "Der verlorene Schuh" in 1923. Played Spitze Tante in "Die gefundene Braut" in 1925. Performed in "Der Kampf des Donald Westhof" in 1927. Played Krankenschwester in "Schwester Veronica" in 1927. Performed in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Performed in "Peer Gynt" in 1934.

Flockina von Platen has: Played Stella Hastings in "Der Dolch des Malayen" in 1919. Played Telephonistin in "Die Pranke" in 1931. Played Gina Paradies in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Performed in "Ich bin Du" in 1934. Played Ellinor, die Besitzerin des Modesalons in "Heimatland" in 1939. Played Leonie in "Ein ganzer Kerl" in 1939. Played Schauspielerin in "Nanette" in 1940. Played Olly Laurens - seine Schwester in "Kora Terry" in 1940. Played Doris Chrysander in "Erzieherin gesucht" in 1950.

Ernst Morgan has: Played Scheel in "Es war einmal ein treuer Husar" in 1929. Played Karl in "Man schenkt sich Rosen, wenn man verliebt ist" in 1930. Performed in "Der Hampelmann" in 1930. Played Pressephotograph in "Er oder ich" in 1930. Performed in "Wer nimmt die Liebe ernst..." in 1931. Played Doktor in "Die Frau - Die Nachtigall" in 1931. Performed in "Drei von der Stempelstelle" in 1932. Performed in "Die Wasserteufel von Hieflau" in 1932. Performed in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932.

Wera Liessem has: Performed in "Das erste Recht des Kindes" in 1932. Performed in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Performed in "Eine von uns" in 1932. Played Ursula Knax in "Husarenliebe" in 1932. Performed in "Das 13. Weltwunder" in 1933. Played Anni Baumann in "S.A.-Mann Brand" in 1933. Played Lilli in "Das Testament des Dr. Mabuse" in 1933. Played Olly, Kunstmalerin in "Zwei im Sonnenschein" in 1933. Played Lisa Amann in "Das verlorene Tal" in 1934. Played Lily, seine Tochter in "Zwischen Himmel und Erde" in 1934. Played Eleonore in "Das kleine Abc - Ein Quintett, als Scherzo zu spielen" in 1955.

Granting Congress any power not explicitly granted by the Constitution will remove all limits on its power other than what Congress itself believes to be the good of the nation.

There are dozens of them in Melbourne. Do a search for "Coin Dealers" in the Yellow Pages.

Here are a few based in the city -

Downies Town Hall Coins

Shop 11-12, Block Arcade 98-100 Elizabeth St, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia

Max Stern & Co

Port Phillip Arcade, 234 Flinders St, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia

Peter Strich Stamps & Coins

Emirates House Shop 5/257 Collins St, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia

Mowbrays Australia Pty Ltd

Level 1, 422 Little Collins St, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia

Noble Numismatics Pty Ltd

Level 7 Citibank Centre 350 Collins St, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia

Universal Rare Coin & Banknote Company

Wales Corner Building, Level 10 / 227 Collins Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia

Charlie Kracker has: Performed in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Performed in "Das Meer ruft" in 1933. Performed in "Achten sie auf Meyer" in 1933. Performed in "Der Polizeibericht meldet" in 1934. Played Smutje in "Smutjes Schwester" in 1936. Played Kavalier an der Bar in "Engel mit kleinen Fehlern" in 1936. Played Ein Dieb in "Die Unbekannte" in 1936. Played Schornsteinfeger in "Hummel - Hummel" in 1936. Played Schreiber des Kommissars in Karewo in "Der Weg nach Shanghai" in 1936. Played Matrose der Reederei Heitmann in "Fracht von Baltimore" in 1938. Played Ein Hamburger in "Urlaub auf Ehrenwort" in 1938. Played Reisender im Ausflugsbus in "Eine Nacht im Mai" in 1938. Performed in "Die fremde Frau" in 1939. Performed in "Flucht ins Dunkel" in 1939. Performed in "Kitty und die Weltkonferenz" in 1939.

Xenia Assenza has: Played Anne Friese in "Unser Charly" in 1995. Played Yasmin in "Wilsberg" in 1995. Played Ursula Katharina Lubomirska in "Die Geschichte Mitteldeutschlands" in 1999. Played Samira Kostres in "SOKO Donau" in 2005. Played Babsi in "SOKO Donau" in 2005. Played Alicia Poll in "Der Kriminalist" in 2006. Played Paula in "Alles wegen des Hundes" in 2008. Played Sascha in "Unterm Strich Null" in 2008. Played Sybille Hannbaum in "Schnell ermittelt" in 2008. Performed in "Back to Solitude" in 2011. Played Xenia in "Scharfe Hunde" in 2011. Played Janina Achternberg in "World Express - Atemlos durch Mexiko" in 2011. Performed in "Idiotentest" in 2012. Played Janka in "Die Rache der Wanderhure" in 2012. Played Jana Kanold in "Der Cop und der Snob" in 2012. Played Lena in "Doc Meets Dorf" in 2013. Played Lena Kramer in "IK 1 - Touristen in Gefahr" in 2013. Played Pretty Girl in "The Fifth Estate" in 2013. Played Maria in "Das finstere Tal" in 2014.

Carl Balhaus has: Played Ein Desserteur in "Der alte Fritz - 2. Ausklang" in 1928. Performed in "Ins Blaue hinein" in 1929. Played Max in "Durchs Brandenburger Tor. Solang noch Untern Linden..." in 1929. Played Fritz in "Revolte im Erziehungshaus" in 1930. Performed in "Menschen im Feuer" in 1930. Performed in "Scapa Flow" in 1930. Played Karl in "Nur am Rhein ..." in 1930. Played Bornemanns Leibfuchs in "Ein Burschenlied aus Heidelberg" in 1930. Played Butcher in "Westfront 1918" in 1930. Performed in "Yorck" in 1931. Played Gavrilo Princip in "1914, die letzten Tage vor dem Weltbrand" in 1931. Played Jonny in "Schatten der Unterwelt" in 1931. Played Ewald, der Zeitungsjunge in "Kinder vor Gericht" in 1931. Played Kadettenunteroffizier von Zerbitz in "Kadetten" in 1931. Played Jonny in "Ombres des bas fonds" in 1931. Performed in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Performed in "Mensch ohne Namen" in 1932. Played Josi Blattrer in "An heiligen Wassern" in 1932. Played Monk in "Jonny stiehlt Europa" in 1932. Played Peter in "Abel mit der Mundharmonika" in 1933. Played Martin in "Anna und Elisabeth" in 1933. Played Udo, ihr Sohn in "In Sachen Timpe" in 1934. Played Schriftleiter in "Der Polizeibericht meldet" in 1934. Played Deutscher Student Claus in "Altgermanische Bauernkultur" in 1934. Performed in "15 Minuten nach Mitternacht" in 1939. Played Alfred, Peters Freund in "Venus vor Gericht" in 1941. Played Rudi in "Geheimakten Solvay" in 1953. Played Spurensicherer in "Blaulicht" in 1959. Performed in "SAS 181 antwortet nicht" in 1959. Played Mann im Mastkorb in "Die schwarze Galeere" in 1962.

The cast of Ich bei Tag und du bei Nacht - 1932 includes: Robert Biberti as himself Gerhard Bienert as Polizist Erwin Bootz as himself Roman Cycowski as himself Willy Fritsch as Hans Harry Frommermann as himself Comedian Harmonists as Themselves Karl Hellmer as Kellner Werner Hollmann Ari Leschnikoff as himself Trude Lieske as Gretes Kollegin Albert Lieven as Wolf Amanda Lindner as Cornelia Seidelbast Walther Ludwig as Filmdarsteller Rudolf Platte as Kuchenkellner Anton Pointner as Meyer Lydia Potechina Eugen Rex as Peschke Ursula van Diemen as Filmdarstellerin

Adolf Fischer has: Performed in "Kameradschaft" in 1931. Performed in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Played Fritz Seifert in "Die Bande vom Hoheneck" in 1934. Performed in "Die Reiter von Deutsch-Ostafrika" in 1934. Performed in "La Paloma. Ein Lied der Kameradschaft" in 1934. Played Matrose in "Eine Seefahrt, die ist lustig" in 1935. Played LKW-Fahrer in "Punks kommt aus Amerika" in 1935. Played Gefreiter in "Soldaten - Kameraden" in 1936. Played Gefechtsordonnanz in "Unternehmen Michael" in 1937. Played 1. Reinigungskraft in der U-Bahn in "Gleisdreieck" in 1937. Performed in "Daphne und der Diplomat" in 1937. Played 2. Reiter in "Alarm in Peking" in 1937. Played Ordinnanz Meier in "Der Etappenhase" in 1937. Played Schiffsoffizier in "Eine Nacht mit Hindernissen" in 1937. Played 2. Arbeiter in "Ein Volksfeind" in 1937. Played Schibulski, Kriminalbeamter in "Der Maulkorb" in 1938. Played Tarras in "Musketier Meier III" in 1938. Played Funker der Reederei Heitmann in "Fracht von Baltimore" in 1938. Played Settemanns 2. KOch in "Liebelei und Liebe" in 1938. Played Arbeiter bei Hellwerth in "Am seidenen Faden" in 1938. Played Gefreiter Zeissler in "D III 38" in 1939. Played Spoekmann in "Aufruhr in Damaskus" in 1939. Played Mann am Ausstellungswagen in "In letzter Minute" in 1939. Played Herr in "Herz ohne Heimat" in 1940. Played Feldwebel Fritz in "Stukas" in 1941. Played 2. Arbeiter in "Das andere Ich" in 1941. Played Funker Menton in "Dr. Crippen an Bord" in 1942. Played Otto Zielke in "Fronttheater" in 1942. Performed in "Geliebte Welt" in 1942. Played Zimmerkellner in "Tolle Nacht" in 1943. Played Artist in "Zirkus Renz" in 1943. Played Konrad in "Liebe, Leidenschaft und Leid" in 1943. Performed in "Es lebe die Liebe" in 1944. Performed in "Das kleine Hofkonzert" in 1948. Performed in "Geboren unter schwarzen Himmeln" in 1962. Performed in "Geheimarchiv an der Elbe" in 1963. Performed in "Der Nachfolger" in 1965. Played Liesegang in "Solange Leben in mir ist" in 1965. Played Brigadier in "Die Heinitzer" in 1965. Played Wirt in "Verwandte und Bekannte" in 1971. Performed in "Die unverbesserliche Barbara" in 1977.

Gustl Gstettenbaur has: Played Boy Who Helps No. 326 in "Spione" in 1928. Played Kolka in "Wolga Wolga" in 1928. Played Uhrmacherlehrling Toni in "Der Sonderling" in 1929. Played Borst in "Der Kampf der Tertia" in 1929. Played Gustav in "Frau im Mond" in 1929. Played Hans in "Die Herrin und ihr Knecht" in 1929. Played Gustl, Pikkolo in "Wien, du Stadt der Lieder" in 1930. Played Boy in "Dolly macht Karriere" in 1930. Played Lehrling in "Delikatessen" in 1930. Performed in "Der falsche Ehemann" in 1931. Performed in "Im Banne der Berge" in 1931. Played Lehrling in "Der Storch streikt" in 1931. Played Ein kleiner Kadett in "Die Marquise von Pompadour" in 1931. Played Emil, Lietzows Neffe in "Kyritz - Pyritz" in 1931. Played Gustl Spengler - sein Sohn in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Played Der Pikkolo in "Das Geheimnis um Johann Orth" in 1932. Performed in "Paprika" in 1932. Played Paul, Lehrling in "Die kalte Mamsell" in 1933. Played Der Kellnerjunge in der Goldenen Gans in "Bei der blonden Kathrein" in 1934. Performed in "Kampf um Kraft" in 1935. Played Tupfinger - ein Bayer in "Soldaten - Kameraden" in 1936. Played Pepi Praxmaler in "Das Schweigen im Walde" in 1937. Performed in "Frau Sixta" in 1938. Played Kriegsfreiwilliger Staden in "Musketier Meier III" in 1938. Performed in "Sommer, Sonne, Erika" in 1940. Played Schorsch, der Daxenschmied in "Der laufende Berg" in 1941. Played Ludwig in "Der Geigenmacher von Mittenwald" in 1950. Played Ferdl in "Die Alm an der Grenze" in 1951. Performed in "Heimatglocken" in 1952. Performed in "Ehestreik" in 1953. Played Schmuggler Toni in "Das Dorf unterm Himmel" in 1953. Performed in "Geh mach dein Fensterl auf" in 1953. Played Beppi Braxlmaler in "Das Schweigen im Walde" in 1955. Performed in "Der Schmied von St. Bartholomae" in 1955. Played Micky in "Der dunkle Stern" in 1955. Played Thomas in "Der Schandfleck" in 1956. Played Sepp in "Heidemelodie" in 1956. Performed in "Husarenmanoever" in 1956. Played Kurt Berger, sein Freund in "Liebe, Schnee und Sonnenschein" in 1956. Played Pecher in "Der Jungfrauenkrieg" in 1957. Played Simmerl in "Der Pfarrer von St. Michael" in 1957. Played Deutscher Soldat in "La vache et le prisonnier" in 1959. Played Friedrich in "Vor Jungfrauen wird gewarnt" in 1962. Performed in "Als ich noch der Waldbauernbub war..." in 1963. Played Hotelchef Simmering in "Die lustigen Weiber von Tirol" in 1964. Performed in "Wiener Schnitzel" in 1967.

Hermann Speelmans has: Performed in "Diane - Die Geschichte einer Pariserin" in 1929. Played Emil in "Ihr dunkler Punkt" in 1929. Played Markutius, pensionierter Kriminalbeamter in "Schachmatt" in 1931. Played Bruno Klatte, Artist in "Voruntersuchung" in 1931. Played Legendre in "Danton" in 1931. Played August Schulze, Vater in "Kinder vor Gericht" in 1931. Played Albert Boudaine in "Der Herr Finanzdirektor" in 1931. Performed in "Zu Befehl, Herr Unteroffizier" in 1932. Played Banjospieler in "Nachtkolonne" in 1932. Played Chefingenieur Damsky in "F.P.1 antwortet nicht" in 1932. Played Erwin Banz - Rennfahrer in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Played Kriminalkommissar Schulz in "Unter falscher Flagge" in 1932. Performed in "Kriminalreporter Holm" in 1932. Played Stoppel in "Hitlerjunge Quex: Ein Film vom Opfergeist der deutschen Jugend" in 1933. Played Nica in "Ein gewisser Herr Gran" in 1933. Played Brack, his sidekick in "Ein Mann will nach Deutschland" in 1934. Played Lutz Kobin in "Herr Kobin geht auf Abenteuer" in 1934. Played Gefreiter Eberle in "Die vier Musketiere" in 1934. Played Paul Rohr - Musiker in "Verlieb Dich nicht am Bodensee" in 1935. Played Otto Menzel in "Die Werft zum Grauen Hecht" in 1935. Played Karl Grosse in "Ein ganzer Kerl" in 1935. Played Hausdiener Gaston in "Ein seltsamer Gast" in 1936. Played Ramacker in "Dahinten in der Heide" in 1936. Played Jimmy Ward (Sherlock Holmes) in "Sherlock Holmes" in 1937. Played Anton Bahlmann in "Musketier Meier III" in 1938. Played Chagrin in "Kongo-Express" in 1939. Performed in "Der Trichter Nr. 12" in 1941. Played Ole Thomsen in "Unser kleiner Junge" in 1941. Played Will Rubber Journalist in "Vom Schicksal verweht" in 1942. Played Klaus Christiansen in "Meine vier Jungens" in 1944. Played Jupp Mewes - Pionier in "Wir sehn uns wieder" in 1945. Played Kai Brodersen in "Im Tempel der Venus" in 1948. Played Will Blom in "Gesucht wird Majora" in 1949. Played Arthur Wernicke in "Lockende Sterne" in 1952. Played Kriminalrat Walter Glasbrenner in "Gift im Zoo" in 1952. Played Matz in "Ein Herz spielt falsch" in 1953. Played Maus in "Hanussen" in 1955. Played Max Klausen in "Verrat an Deutschland" in 1955. Played Muysken in "Ciske - Ein Kind braucht Liebe" in 1955. Played Willi in "Parole Heimat" in 1955. Played Hermann Egli in "Von der Liebe besiegt" in 1956.

Toni Tetzlaff has: Performed in "Der Hermelinmantel" in 1915. Played Frau Baronin Gyldendal in "Tausend und eine Frau. Aus dem Tagebuch eines Junggesellen" in 1918. Performed in "Der Weltmeister" in 1919. Played Mysterious lady in "Der Kampf um die Ehe - 1. Teil: Wenn in der Ehe die Liebe stirbt" in 1919. Performed in "Allerseelen" in 1919. Performed in "Lilli" in 1919. Played Frau Stein in "Lillis Ehe" in 1919. Performed in "Artistentreue" in 1919. Performed in "Im Wirbel des Lebens" in 1920. Performed in "Alkohol" in 1920. Performed in "Die andere Welt" in 1920. Performed in "Des Lebens und der Liebe Wellen" in 1921. Played Madame X in "Die Abenteuerin von Monte Carlo - 1. Die Geliebte des Schahs" in 1921. Performed in "Opfer der Liebe" in 1921. Performed in "Se. Exzellenz der Revisor" in 1922. Performed in "Aufstieg der kleinen Lilian" in 1925. Performed in "Hochstapler wider Willen" in 1925. Played Roses Wirtin in "Spitzen" in 1926. Performed in "Die drei Mannequins" in 1926. Performed in "Die raffinierteste Frau Berlins" in 1927. Performed in "Wenn die Mutter und die Tochter..." in 1928. Performed in "Panik" in 1928. Played Darsteller aus der Operette in "Unmoral" in 1928. Played Dessen Gattin in "Aus dem Tagebuch eines Junggesellen" in 1929. Played Frau Laforet in "Das Erlebnis einer Nacht" in 1930. Played Frau Steindecker, Mutter in "Hans in allen Gassen" in 1930. Performed in "Liebeskleeblatt" in 1930. Performed in "Das lockende Ziel" in 1930. Performed in "Liebeslied" in 1931. Played Frau Pollinger in "Das Konzert" in 1931. Played Mutter Marcels in "Madame hat Ausgang" in 1931. Performed in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Played Frau Havlicek in "Herr Kobin geht auf Abenteuer" in 1934. Performed in "Die Medaille" in 1934. Performed in "So endete eine Liebe" in 1934. Performed in "Die rosarote Brille" in 1934. Performed in "Spiel mit dem Feuer" in 1934. Played Lady Markby in "Ein idealer Gatte" in 1935. Played Toni, seine Frau in "Das Geschenk" in 1935. Performed in "Der mutige Seefahrer" in 1935. Performed in "Mazurka" in 1935. Played Witwe Sengebusch in "Die lange Grete" in 1936. Played Frau Kobler in "Moral" in 1936. Played Madame Boebuche in "Der Unwiderstehliche" in 1937. Played Gesellschafterin in "Brillanten" in 1937. Played Die Vermieterin in "Serenade" in 1937. Performed in "Die Warschauer Zitadelle" in 1937. Played Aunt Estella in "Kongo-Express" in 1939. Performed in "Die Geliebte" in 1939. Played 1. Kundin im Hutsalon in "Aus erster Ehe" in 1940. Performed in "Seinerzeit zu meiner Zeit" in 1944. Performed in "Das kleine Hofkonzert" in 1948.

Otto Wallburg has: Played Emil Henschke, Fleischwaren en gros in "Derby. Ein Ausschnitt aus der Welt des Trabersports" in 1926. Played Charency in "Die keusche Susanne" in 1926. Played Herr Fischer in "Die Abenteuer eines Zehnmarkscheines" in 1926. Played Der Zar in "Die Geliebte des Gouverneurs" in 1927. Played Louis Martiny in "Der Himmel auf Erden" in 1927. Performed in "Die leichte Isabell" in 1927. Performed in "Der moderne Casanova" in 1928. Played Wenzel, Seifenschneider in "Liebe im Kuhstall" in 1928. Played Gen.Dir. Fredy Sanderson in "Mein Freund Harry" in 1928. Played Tenas in "Das letzte Souper" in 1928. Played Ein Paradegast in "Der lustige Witwer" in 1929. Performed in "Kolonne X" in 1929. Played Kriminalkommissar Warren in "Trust der Diebe" in 1929. Performed in "Sein bester Freund" in 1929. Performed in "Ehe in Not" in 1929. Performed in "Die vierte von rechts" in 1929. Played Marl in "Der rote Kreis" in 1929. Performed in "Hans in allen Gassen" in 1930. Played Rechtsanwalt in "Heute nacht - eventuell" in 1930. Played Der Baron in "Das Lied ist aus" in 1930. Played Teckelmann in "Der Witwenball" in 1930. Played Clamotte, Direktor des Warenhauses in "Der Hampelmann" in 1930. Performed in "Wochenend im Paradies" in 1931. Played General von Plessow in "Wenn die Soldaten..." in 1931. Played Field Marshal Graf Diebitsch-Sabalkanskij in "Yorck" in 1931. Played G.Greven in "Die Frau von der man spricht" in 1931. Performed in "Der Hochtourist" in 1931. Performed in "Ihre Hoheit befiehlt" in 1931. Played August Wernecke, Fabrikant in "Der kleine Seitensprung" in 1931. Played Speculator Bruno in "Wer nimmt die Liebe ernst..." in 1931. Performed in "Kabarett-Programm Nr. 1" in 1931. Played von Arnolds - Helgas Vater in "Opernredoute" in 1931. Played Commerziernrat Nitscke in "Das verlorene Paradies" in 1931. Played Gottfried Paradies in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Played Ewiger Student Wagner in "Friederike" in 1932. Performed in "Zwei Herzen und ein Schlag" in 1932. Played Philippe Gilbert in "Wenn die Liebe Mode macht" in 1932. Played Pategg in "Das Lied einer Nacht" in 1932. Played Gouverneur Darmont in "Der schwarze Husar" in 1932. Played Sergeant Bully in "Die Tochter des Regiments" in 1933. Played Graf Narkyn in "Der Zarewitsch" in 1933. Played Bender, pianist in "Viereinhalb Musketiere" in 1935. Played Direktor Petermann in "Bretter, die die Welt bedeuten" in 1935. Played Der Verleger Haller in "Ball im Savoy" in 1935. Played Max Berkhoff in "Kleine Mutti" in 1935. Played Taxidriver Muck in "Bubi" in 1937.

Deborah May has: Played Renee DuBois in "The Guiding Light" in 1952. Played Dr. Renee DuBois in "The Guiding Light" in 1952. Played Iris in "Days of Our Lives" in 1965. Played ACT Actress in "The Streets of San Francisco" in 1972. Played A Widow in "The Taming of the Shrew" in 1976. Played Gunilla in "Mom, the Wolfman and Me" in 1980. Played Stephanie Hoffman in "Falcon Crest" in 1981. Played Terri Valere in "St. Elsewhere" in 1982. Played Phyllis Lewis in "Remington Steele" in 1982. Played Mary Beth Warner in "Rage of Angels" in 1983. Played Tracy Hooten in "Hotel" in 1983. Played Hostess in "The Woman in Red" in 1984. Played Margaret Oxley in "CBS Schoolbreak Special" in 1984. Played Carol Ritchie (segment "Shadow Play") in "The Twilight Zone" in 1985. Performed in "The Eagle and the Bear" in 1985. Played Liz in "The Golden Girls" in 1985. Played Carla Strich in "L.A. Law" in 1986. Played Carla Stritch in "L.A. Law" in 1986. Played Yvonne Brickhouse in "The Popcorn Kid" in 1987. Played Diane Edwards in "Jake and the Fatman" in 1987. Played Lori Fentriss in "Buck James" in 1987. Played Mrs. Walker in "Johnny Be Good" in 1988. Performed in "In the Line of Duty: The F.B.I. Murders" in 1988. Played Elsa in "Seinfeld" in 1989. Played Karen in "Wings" in 1990. Played Audrey in "Down Home" in 1990. Played Ruth Werneke in "The Flash" in 1990. Played Ethel Ross in "Call Me Anna" in 1990. Played Alice Aubry in "Bodies of Evidence" in 1992. Played Mrs. Charles in "Caged Fear" in 1992. Played Hollis in "Hearts Afire" in 1992. Played Melanie Parrish in "The Larry Sanders Show" in 1992. Played Haneek in "Star Trek: Deep Space Nine" in 1993. Played Mary Cain in "ER" in 1994. Played Sheila in "All-American Girl" in 1994. Played Kate in "The Other Mother: A Moment of Truth Movie" in 1995. Played Sybil Carruthers in "A Walton Wedding" in 1995. Played Dana Benson in "Murder One" in 1995. Played Ann Gilroy in "Women of the House" in 1995. Played Lyris in "Star Trek: Voyager" in 1995. Played Mrs. Elwood in "Dark Skies" in 1996. Performed in "The Tomorrow Man" in 1996. Played Karen in "After Jimmy" in 1996. Played Cloris Marley in "Soul Man" in 1997. Played Miss Hedges in "From the Earth to the Moon" in 1998. Performed in "Any Day Now" in 1998. Played Janet in "The West Wing" in 1999. Played Betty in "Malcolm in the Middle" in 2000. Played Governor in "The Kid" in 2000. Played Gloria Walsh in "Nurse Betty" in 2000. Played Joan in "Grounded for Life" in 2001. Played Ellen Little in "Boomtown" in 2002. Played Fertility Counsellor in "Dirty Sexy Money" in 2007. Played Stella in "Last Man Standing" in 2011.

According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 316 words with the pattern S-R---. That is, six letter words with 1st letter S and 3rd letter R. In alphabetical order, they are:

sarans

sarape

sardar

sardel

sarees

sarges

sargos

sargus

saring

sarins

sarmie

sarney

sarnie

sarode

sarods

sarong

sarsar

sarsen

sartor

scrabs

scraes

scrags

scramb

scrams

scrans

scrape

scraps

scrats

scrawl

scrawm

scrawp

scraws

scraye

scrays

screak

scream

screed

screen

screes

screet

screws

screwy

scribe

scried

scries

scrike

scrimp

scrims

scrine

scrips

script

scrive

scrobe

scrods

scrogs

scroll

scrome

scroop

scrorp

scrota

scrote

scrowl

scrows

scrubs

scruff

scrump

scrums

scrunt

scruto

scruze

scryde

scryer

scryne

seracs

serail

serais

serang

serape

seraph

serdab

serein

serene

serest

serged

serger

serges

serial

series

serifs

serine

sering

serins

seriph

sermon

serons

seroon

serosa

serous

serows

serrae

serran

serras

serred

serres

serums

serval

served

server

serves

servos

shrank

shreds

shreek

shreik

shrewd

shrews

shriek

shrift

shrike

shrill

shrimp

shrine

shrink

shrive

shroff

shroom

shroud

shrove

shrowd

shrows

shrubs

shrugs

shrunk

sircar

sirdar

sirees

sirens

sirihs

siring

sirkar

sirocs

sirrah

sirras

sirred

sirree

sirups

sirupy

skrans

skreen

skried

skries

skrike

skriks

skrimp

skrump

skryer

smriti

sorage

sorbed

sorbet

sorbic

sorbus

sordes

sordid

sordor

sorees

sorell

sorels

sorely

sorest

sorgho

sorgos

soring

sorned

sorner

sorras

sorrel

sorrow

sortal

sorted

sorter

sortes

sortie

sprack

sprags

spraid

sprain

sprang

sprats

sprawl

sprays

spread

spredd

spreds

spreed

sprees

sprent

sprews

sprier

sprigs

spring

sprint

sprite

sprits

spritz

sprods

sprogs

sprong

sprout

spruce

sprucy

sprues

sprugs

spruik

spruit

sprung

sprush

spryer

spryly

strads

straes

strafe

straff

strags

straik

strain

strait

strake

stramp

strand

strang

straps

strass

strata

strath

strati

strawn

straws

strawy

strays

streak

stream

streek

streel

street

strene

streps

stress

strewn

strews

striae

strich

strick

strict

stride

strife

strift

striga

strigs

strike

string

stripe

strips

stript

stripy

strive

stroam

strobe

strode

stroke

stroll

stroma

stromb

strond

strong

strook

strops

stroud

stroup

strout

strove

strown

strows

stroys

struck

struma

strums

strung

strunt

struts

surahs

surats

surbed

surbet

surely

surest

surety

surfed

surfer

surfie

surged

surger

surges

surimi

suring

surras

surrey

surtax

survey

syrahs

syrens

syrinx

syrtes

syrtis

syrups

syrupy

Werner Stock has: Performed in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Performed in "Besuch im Karzer" in 1934. Performed in "Ritter wider Willen" in 1934. Performed in "Seine beste Erfindung" in 1934. Played Matrose in "Lockvogel" in 1934. Performed in "Die rosarote Brille" in 1934. Played Nellys Bruder in "Hilde und die vier PS" in 1936. Played Fotograf in "Das Hofkonzert" in 1936. Played Kommis in "Ein seltsamer Gast" in 1936. Performed in "Kalbsragout mit Champignons" in 1936. Played Gustav - sein Sohn in "Paul und Pauline" in 1936. Performed in "Die Ballmutter" in 1936. Performed in "Lore" in 1937. Played Hubert Krusemark in "Zweimal zwei im Himmelbett" in 1937. Played Leutnant Berndt in "Menschen ohne Vaterland" in 1937. Played Zweiter Beamter in "Land der Liebe" in 1937. Played Justin, Apoteker Helper in "Madame Bovary" in 1937. Played Herbert Lossbach in "Das Bummelgenie" in 1937. Played Der kleine Page in "Capriccio" in 1938. Performed in "Der lose Falter" in 1938. Played Thomas, sein Sohn in "Der eingebildete Kranke" in 1938. Played Reinhold Bock in "Das Verlegenheitskind" in 1938. Played Zeitungsfahrer Orje in "Grossalarm" in 1938. Played Theaterangestellter in "Der Tanz auf dem Vulkan" in 1938. Played Herr Oberweg in "Das Ehesanatorium" in 1938. Played Karl Buchholz in "Das Schwert des Damokles" in 1939. Performed in "Kornblumenblau" in 1939. Played Neumeier, der zweite Portier im Grand Hotel Eden in "Kitty und die Weltkonferenz" in 1939. Played Friedrich, Bursche in "Die Geliebte" in 1939. Played Balletmeister in "Eine kleine Nachtmusik" in 1940. Played Hermann in "Die lustigen Vagabunden" in 1940. Played Beifahrer Willi in "Sommer, Sonne, Erika" in 1940. Performed in "Am Abend auf der Heide" in 1941. Played Prinz Schweinehirt in "Die schwedische Nachtigall" in 1941. Played Hirte in "Das tapfere Schneiderlein" in 1941. Played Egon, Marions Mann in "Tolle Nacht" in 1943. Played Franz Weigelt in "Neigungsehe" in 1944. Played Franz Weigelt in "Familie Buchholz" in 1944. Performed in "Shiva und die Galgenblume" in 1945. Performed in "Das kleine Hofkonzert" in 1948. Played Conny Cleve in "Torreani" in 1951. Played Czerny in "Unter den Sternen von Capri" in 1953. Performed in "Die Rose von Stambul" in 1953. Played Schwarzer Peter in "Frau Holle" in 1954. Played Manolo in "Solange du lebst" in 1955. Performed in "Aschenputtel" in 1955. Performed in "Der dunkle Stern" in 1955. Played Fritz in "Parole Heimat" in 1955. Played Requisiteur in "Einmal eine grosse Dame sein" in 1957. Played Kleiner Herr in "Das haut hin" in 1957. Performed in "Eurydice" in 1957. Played A little man in "Hoppla, jetzt kommt Eddie" in 1958. Performed in "Ihr 106. Geburtstag" in 1958. Played Det. Muller in "Madeleine Tel. 13 62 11" in 1958. Played Gefreiter Griesbrei in "Piefke, der Schrecken der Kompanie" in 1958. Played Diener Fritz in "Es war die erste Liebe" in 1958. Performed in "...und abends in die Scala" in 1958. Performed in "Freddy, die Gitarre und das Meer" in 1959. Performed in "Kriegsgericht" in 1959. Played Abele in "Rommel ruft Kairo" in 1959. Performed in "Bezaubernde Arabella" in 1959. Played 1. Schachspieler in "Abschied von den Wolken" in 1959. Performed in "Nelson-Premiere" in 1959. Played Prinz Eugen in "Der lustige Krieg des Hauptmann Pedro" in 1959. Played Trauzeuge in "Schlag auf Schlag" in 1959. Played Giuseppe in "Wir wollen niemals auseinandergehen" in 1960. Performed in "Bumerang" in 1960. Played Paul Kalinke in "Freddy und die Melodie der Nacht" in 1960. Played Amtsschreiber Glasenapp in "Der rote Hahn" in 1962. Played Amtsschreiber Glasenapp in "Der Biberpelz" in 1962. Played John Berry in "Die Rache des Jebal Deeks" in 1963. Played Baron von Machicoulis in "Die Unzufriedenen" in 1963. Played Dr. Stein in "Meine Frau Susanne" in 1963. Performed in "Kommissar Freytag" in 1963. Played Herr Schimanski in "Meine Frau Susanne" in 1963. Played Lucas in "Der Arzt wider Willen" in 1964. Played Doorn, Karl in "Das Blaue vom Himmel" in 1964. Performed in "Polizeifunk ruft" in 1966. Performed in "Rheinsberg" in 1967. Played William Butler in "Wind in den Zweigen des Sassafras" in 1968. Played Herr Oehmchen in "Drei Frauen im Haus" in 1968. Played Nagg in "Endspiel" in 1969. Played Hermann in "Kellerassel" in 1969. Performed in "Duell zu dritt" in 1971.

Ernst Behmer has: Performed in "Klebolin klebt alles" in 1909. Performed in "Das verschwundene Los" in 1915. Performed in "Bummelstudenten" in 1917. Performed in "Ferdinand Lassalle" in 1918. Performed in "Der goldene Pol" in 1918. Performed in "Dem Teufel verschrieben" in 1919. Played Oskar Price in "Das Gebot der Liebe" in 1919. Performed in "Die verwunschene Prinzessin" in 1919. Performed in "Staatsanwalt Jordan" in 1919. Performed in "Nur ein Diener" in 1919. Performed in "Kri-Kri, die Herzogin von Tarabac" in 1920. Performed in "Baron Bunnys Erlebnisse, 1. Teil - Der Meisterdieb" in 1921. Performed in "Die goldene Kugel" in 1921. Performed in "Kean" in 1921. Played Prof. Gaborg in "Ich bin Du" in 1921. Performed in "Die Heimkehr des Odysseus" in 1922. Performed in "Ein Weib, ein Tier, ein Diamant" in 1923. Played Minister in "Der geheime Agent" in 1924. Performed in "Auf Befehl der Pompadour" in 1924. Played Wachtmeister in "Der Veilchenfresser" in 1926. Played Polizei in "Die Unehelichen" in 1926. Played Der Musterzeichner in "Die Wiskottens" in 1926. Performed in "Aus des Rheinlands Schicksalstagen" in 1926. Played Polizist in "Schwester Veronica" in 1927. Performed in "Der Katzensteg" in 1927. Played Iwan Stephanow - Russian Exile in "Der Orlow" in 1927. Performed in "Luther" in 1928. Played Franz, Diener bei Warburg in "Du sollst nicht stehlen" in 1928. Played Glasenapp in "Der Biberpelz" in 1928. Performed in "Panik" in 1928. Performed in "Herkules Maier" in 1928. Performed in "Anastasia, die falsche Zarentochter" in 1928. Performed in "Revolutionshochzeit" in 1928. Played Hochzeitsgast in "Sein bester Freund" in 1929. Played Onkel Theodor in "Geheimpolizisten" in 1929. Performed in "Menschen im Feuer" in 1930. Performed in "Der Hampelmann" in 1930. Performed in "Ein Burschenlied aus Heidelberg" in 1930. Played Gustav Schubert in "Die blonde Nachtigall" in 1930. Played Alter Gerichtsdiener in "Hokuspokus" in 1930. Performed in "Namensheirat" in 1930. Performed in "Der Liebesmarkt" in 1930. Performed in "Der unsterbliche Lump" in 1930. Played Der Schlepper in "Der Tiger" in 1930. Played Pepi Tagsommer, Friseur in "Dienst ist Dienst" in 1931. Played Stabsarzt in "Der Schrecken der Garnison" in 1931. Performed in "Berlin-Alexanderplatz - Die Geschichte Franz Biberkopfs" in 1931. Performed in "Keine Feier ohne Meyer" in 1931. Performed in "Wer nimmt die Liebe ernst..." in 1931. Performed in "Die Koffer des Herrn O.F." in 1931. Played Schnellrichter in "Vater geht auf Reisen" in 1932. Played Ein Inspizient in "Spione im Savoy-Hotel" in 1932. Performed in "Ein blonder Traum" in 1932. Performed in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Performed in "Chauffeur Antoinette" in 1932. Performed in "Strafsache von Geldern" in 1932. Played Sein Prokurist in "Die eiserne Jungfrau" in 1932. Performed in "Zwei Herzen und ein Schlag" in 1932. Performed in "Aus einer kleinen Residenz" in 1932. Performed in "Das Blaue vom Himmel" in 1932. Played Hotelportier in "Der Frechdachs" in 1932. Performed in "Der schwarze Husar" in 1932. Performed in "Moderne Mitgift" in 1932. Performed in "Mensch ohne Namen" in 1932. Performed in "Ballhaus goldener Engel" in 1932. Played Kowalski in "Hitlerjunge Quex: Ein Film vom Opfergeist der deutschen Jugend" in 1933. Played Ein Ehepaar in "Die Herren vom Maxim" in 1933. Performed in "Viktor und Viktoria" in 1933. Played Gustav,Taxi-Chauffeur in "Ein Unsichtbarer geht durch die Stadt" in 1933. Performed in "Die Nacht im Forsthaus" in 1933. Performed in "Herr Direktor engagiert" in 1933. Performed in "Liebe muss verstanden sein" in 1933. Performed in "Zwei gute Kameraden" in 1933. Played Ein Hotelportier in "Die vier Musketiere" in 1934. Performed in "Ritter wider Willen" in 1934. Performed in "Der Vetter aus Dingsda" in 1934. Performed in "Gold" in 1934. Performed in "Der Polizeibericht meldet" in 1934. Played The fruit dealer in "Prinzessin Turandot" in 1934. Performed in "Ich versichere Sie" in 1934. Performed in "Die Medaille" in 1934. Played Wittig, Diener in "Musik im Blut" in 1934. Played Cornelius, ein Redakteur in "Pipin, der Kurze" in 1934. Performed in "Die Welt ohne Maske" in 1934. Played Ein Steuerbeamter in "Alte Kameraden" in 1934. Played Herr Heller in "Aufschnitt" in 1934. Played himself in "Was bin ich ohne Dich" in 1934. Played Jokusch, Metallarbeiter in "Der Herr der Welt" in 1934. Performed in "Ein Mann will nach Deutschland" in 1934. Performed in "Postlagernd XYZ" in 1935. Performed in "Das Einmaleins der Liebe" in 1935. Played Zirkusangestellter in "Der junge Graf" in 1935. Played Der Untermieter in "Zimmer zu vermieten" in 1935. Performed in "Unter vier Augen" in 1935. Performed in "Pygmalion" in 1935. Played Kunde in "Ein falscher Fuffziger" in 1935. Played Lebenbesitzer in "Die Saat geht auf" in 1935. Performed in "Die Werft zum Grauen Hecht" in 1935. Played Bademeister in "Punks kommt aus Amerika" in 1935. Played Train conductor in "Der Kurier des Zaren" in 1936. Played Bahnbeamter in "Der Weg nach Shanghai" in 1936. Played Eisenbahnschaffner in "Flitterwochen" in 1936. Played Hermann - Faktotum in "Paul und Pauline" in 1936. Played Polizist in "Donogoo Tonka" in 1936. Performed in "Kinderarzt Dr. Engel" in 1936. Played Betrunkener in "Stadt Anatol" in 1936. Performed in "Hilde Petersen postlagernd" in 1936. Played Barbier in "Die Drei um Christine" in 1936. Played Bankangestellter in "Sieben Ohrfeigen" in 1937. Played Balthasar, Adrians Diener in "Husaren heraus" in 1937. Played Eberhard Brieselang in "Pension Elise Nottebohm" in 1937. Performed in "Papas Fehltritt" in 1937. Played Diener Johnson in "Frauenliebe - Frauenleid" in 1937. Played Sokrates in "Gasparone" in 1937. Played Pfarrer in "Kapriolen" in 1937. Performed in "Verklungene Melodie" in 1938. Performed in "Grossalarm" in 1938. Played Kutscher in "Jugend" in 1938. Played Pauluschkat in "Heiratsschwindler" in 1938.

hashish

seventh

through

AARRGHH

ABOLISH

ABROACH

ABSINTH

ACALEPH

ACOLYTH

AGGADAH

AGOROTH

ALANNAH

ALENGTH

ALIYOTH

ALMIRAH

ALUMISH

AMBATCH

ANGUISH

APPEACH

ARDRIGH

AUTARCH

AZIMUTH

BABOOSH

BABYISH

BADDISH

BADMASH

BAGWASH

BALDISH

BARDASH

BATFISH

BEAMISH

BEARISH

BEAUISH

BEGORAH

BEMOUTH

BENEATH

BERDASH

BESEECH

BETROTH

BEWITCH

BIGGISH

BILLYOH

BIMORPH

BIOTECH

BISMUTH

BLEMISH

BLOKISH

BLUEISH

BOARISH

BOBBISH

BOGGISH

BOOBISH

BOOKISH

BOORISH

BOROUGH

BORSHCH

BORTSCH

BOXFISH

BRACHAH

BRAUNCH

BREADTH

BRINISH

BRUTISH

BUCKISH

BUDMASH

BULLISH

BULRUSH

BURDASH

BURNISH

BUSHWAH

BYCATCH

CADDISH

CANNACH

CAPOUCH

CARLISH

CAROACH

CARROCH

CARWASH

CATARRH

CATFISH

CATTISH

CEILIDH

CHALLAH

CHALOTH

CHAVISH

CHEETAH

CHERISH

CHUDDAH

CHUMASH

CHUPPAH

CLAYISH

CLERUCH

COCKISH

CODFISH

COLDISH

COLTISH

COOLISH

COWFISH

COWITCH

CRAUNCH

CRONISH

CUBBISH

CULTISH

CURRACH

CURRAGH

CURRISH

DAMPISH

Harry Hardt has: Performed in "Frauen vom Gnadenstein" in 1920. Played Iwan, der Hirte in "Der Leidensweg der Inge Krafft" in 1921. Played Pieter in "Der ewige Kampf" in 1921. Played Jaques in "Es leuchtet meine Liebe" in 1922. Played Bob Stratton in "Millionenschieber" in 1922. Performed in "Frauenmoral" in 1923. Played The Duke in "Paganini" in 1923. Played Holger, sein Neffe in "Der Klabautermann" in 1924. Played Taegar - Ingenieur in "Thamar, das Kind der Berge" in 1924. Played Bruder der Dame in "Nanon" in 1924. Performed in "Um eine Million" in 1924. Performed in "Ihre letzte Dummheit" in 1925. Performed in "Die Frau von vierzig Jahren" in 1925. Performed in "Vorderhaus und Hinterhaus" in 1925. Performed in "Schiff in Not" in 1925. Played Clemens Brigge in "Ich liebe dich" in 1925. Played Lieblich, Musiker in "Der Hahn im Korb" in 1925. Performed in "Um Recht und Ehre" in 1925. Performed in "Der Mann im Sattel" in 1925. Played Scholz - Erstchargierter des Corps in "Der krasse Fuchs" in 1926. Played Graf Kayserlingk in "Zopf und Schwert - Eine tolle Prinzessin" in 1926. Played Leutnant von Rohndorf in "Das edle Blut" in 1927. Performed in "Der Feldmarschall" in 1927. Played Solicitor Thibault in "Die Frau im Schrank" in 1927. Performed in "Todessturz im Zirkus Cesarelli" in 1927. Performed in "Klettermaxe" in 1927. Performed in "Sturmflut" in 1927. Played Hommonay in "Der Zigeunerbaron" in 1927. Played Brefont in "Die weisse Sklavin" in 1927. Played Buchhalter Banthler in "Kinderseelen klagen euch an" in 1927. Played Oberleutnant Barany in "Ungarische Rhapsodie" in 1928. Played Harry Berger in "Der gefesselte Polo" in 1928. Performed in "Casanovas Erbe" in 1928. Played Sten, der Gutsherr in "Rutschbahn" in 1928. Performed in "Eddy Polo mit Pferd und Lasso" in 1928. Played Ferdinand in "Die kleine Veronika" in 1929. Played Garreis, Mann ohne Beruf in "Spelunke" in 1929. Played Richard - deren Gatte in "Der Mann, der nicht liebt" in 1929. Performed in "2. Ungarische Rhapsodie" in 1929. Played G.B. Hunter in "Flucht in die Fremdenlegion" in 1929. Played Oberleutnant Strelkoff in "Die Warschauer Zitadelle" in 1930. Played Insp. Sinclair (German Version) in "Der Greifer" in 1930. Played Count Sandolo in "Die Jagd nach der Million" in 1930. Performed in "Zwei Krawatten" in 1930. Performed in "Donauwalzer" in 1930. Played Herbert Willberg in "Arme, kleine Eva" in 1931. Performed in "Der unbekannte Gast" in 1931. Played Inspektor in "Mary" in 1931. Played Kaulwitz, generalstabsofficer in "Im Geheimdienst" in 1931. Performed in "Die Fremde" in 1931. Performed in "Liebeskommando" in 1931. Performed in "Die nackte Wahrheit" in 1932. Played Graf Mansfeld in "Das Geheimnis um Johann Orth" in 1932. Performed in "Kriminalreporter Holm" in 1932. Performed in "Das Millionentestament" in 1932. Performed in "Strafsache von Geldern" in 1932. Played Hauptmann Sergei Petrovich in "Unter falscher Flagge" in 1932. Played Manuel Rodriguet - Rennfahrer in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Played 1. Offizier in "Spione am Werk" in 1933. Performed in "Das Gesicht der Strasse" in 1933. Played Der Wachmeister am Wagen Van Bergs in "Es war einmal ein Musikus" in 1933. Played Der Oberkellner in "Rund um eine Million" in 1933. Played Kriminalkommissar in "Die unsichtbare Front" in 1933. Played Rittmeister Stroganoff in "Abenteuer eines jungen Herrn in Polen" in 1934. Performed in "Ein Mann will nach Deutschland" in 1934. Played Altegen in "Das verlorene Tal" in 1934. Played Der Hoteldirektor in "Zigeunerblut" in 1934. Played Party Gast in "Artisten" in 1935. Played Kommissar Nicole in "Nacht der Verwandlung" in 1935. Performed in "Der blaue Diamant" in 1935. Performed in "Kampf um Kraft" in 1935. Played Juan Navarro in "Es geht um mein Leben" in 1936. Performed in "Potpourri" in 1936. Played Der Rittmeister, sein Adjutant in "Der Bettelstudent" in 1936. Played General von Laudon in "Fridericus" in 1937. Played Freds Kumpel Billy in "Der Mann, der Sherlock Holmes war" in 1937. Played Italienischer Korporal in "Signal in der Nacht" in 1937. Performed in "Meine Tante - deine Tante" in 1939. Played Adjutant des Kaisers Franz Joseph in "Maria Ilona" in 1939. Played Kegelsbruders Lehrer in "Das Ekel" in 1939. Performed in "Die goldene Maske" in 1939. Played Empfangschef im Kasino-Restaurant in "Ein Mann auf Abwegen" in 1940. Played Herr Pismahler in "Herz ohne Heimat" in 1940. Played Polizeibeamter in "Falstaff in Wien" in 1940. Performed in "Jakko" in 1941. Played Herr Manuel in "Sechs Tage Heimaturlaub" in 1941. Performed in "Ich klage an" in 1941. Performed in "Anuschka" in 1942. Played Der Hoteldirektor in "Die Nacht in Venedig" in 1942. Performed in "Der Fall Rainer" in 1942. Performed in "Geliebte Welt" in 1942. Performed in "Die goldene Stadt" in 1942. Played Major Seegrave in "Vom Schicksal verweht" in 1942. Performed in "Das Ferienkind" in 1943. Played Wolfl in "Der Ochsenkrieg" in 1943. Performed in "Maria Theresia" in 1951. Performed in "Asphalt" in 1951. Performed in "Das Herz einer Frau" in 1951. Played Professor Billroth in "Ewiger Walzer" in 1954. Performed in "Die kleine Stadt will schlafen gehen" in 1954. Performed in "Die Sonne von St. Moritz" in 1954. Played General Maximoff in "Spionage" in 1955. Played Bardolff in "Sarajevo" in 1955. Played Rittmeister von Brauer in "Marianne, meine Jugendliebe" in 1955. Performed in "Gestatten, mein Name ist Cox" in 1955. Played General Heusinger in "Es geschah am 20. Juli" in 1955. Played Verteidiger in "Die Panne" in 1957. Performed in "Es geschah in Paris" in 1960. Played Direktor Dobbelmann in "Willy, der Privatdetektiv" in 1960. Performed in "Cancan und Bakarole" in 1961. Played Max Klint - Versicherungsdirektor in "Der kleine Napoleon" in 1961. Played Byron Winkler in "Staatsaffairen" in 1961. Played Herr von Stuckwitz in "Der Hochtourist" in 1961. Played Generaldirektor in "Unsere tollen Tanten" in 1961. Performed in "Du holde Kunst - Szenen um Lieder von Franz Schubert" in 1961. Performed in "Lady Frederick" in 1963. Performed in "Der Impresario von Smyrna" in 1963. Played Oberst in "Kleider machen Leute" in 1963. Played Besucher bei Modenschau in "Die Karte mit dem Luchskopf" in 1963. Played Mr. Herodes Pum in "Robinson soll nicht sterben" in 1963. Played Oberst Wedderburn in "Die Teepuppe" in 1964. Played Hoteldirektor in "Der Fall Harry Domela" in 1965. Played York in "Gestern gelesen" in 1969. Played Baranski, circus manager in "Die Zirkusprinzessin" in 1970. Played Suchanek in "Josefine Mutzenbacher" in 1970. Played Graf Heim in "Der Kurier der Kaiserin" in 1970. Played Kommerzialrat Rechberger in "Fall Regine Krause" in 1970. Played Dr. Stolarik in "Sankt Peters Regenschirm" in 1971. Played Mr. Goll, Generalmanager in "Wenn der Vater mit dem Sohne" in 1971. Performed in "Die Schrott-Story" in 1971. Performed in "Okay S.I.R." in 1972. Played Major in "Die Abenteuer des braven Soldaten Schwejk" in 1972. Performed in "Die Abenteuer des braven Soldaten Schwejk" in 1972. Played Berthold Sturm in "Derrick" in 1974. Played Wessel von Charlottenburg in "Karl May" in 1974. Played Alois Raimund Harrach in "Maria Theresia" in 1980. Played Mr. von Reininghaus in "Egon Schiele - Exzesse" in 1981.

Ewald Wenck has: Performed in "Margots Freier" in 1919. Played Assessor in "Wir halten fest und treu zusammen" in 1929. Played Apotheker in "Drei von der Kavallerie" in 1932. Performed in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Performed in "Viktor und Viktoria" in 1933. Played Wirt in "Die englische Heirat" in 1934. Performed in "Seine beste Erfindung" in 1934. Played Kammerdiener in "Der zerstreute Walzer - Eine musikalische Phantasie" in 1934. Performed in "Der Polizeibericht meldet" in 1934. Performed in "Die rosarote Brille" in 1934. Performed in "Die Liebe und die erste Eisenbahn" in 1934. Performed in "Ich bin Du" in 1934. Performed in "Besuch im Karzer" in 1934. Performed in "Ritter wider Willen" in 1934. Played Lehmann, Faktotum des Ferienheimes in "Ferien vom Ich" in 1934. Played Liszts Diener in "Rhapsodie. Ein musikalisches Intermezzo aus dem Leben Franz Liszts" in 1934. Performed in "Herr Kobin geht auf Abenteuer" in 1934. Performed in "Leichte Kavallerie" in 1935. Played Carolus Knack in "Das Geschenk" in 1935. Performed in "Das Einmaleins der Liebe" in 1935. Performed in "Der Taler der Tante Sidonie" in 1935. Performed in "Schwarze Rosen" in 1935. Performed in "Die Werft zum Grauen Hecht" in 1935. Performed in "Eine Braut in Eile gesucht" in 1935. Played Beamter in "Donogoo Tonka" in 1936. Played Kubalke, Privatedetektiv in "Rosen und Liebe" in 1936. Performed in "Kalbsragout mit Champignons" in 1936. Played Portier in "Die Hasenpforte" in 1936. Played Paul Meister, Kunstmaler in "Wochenendzauber" in 1936. Played Brown in "Der Dschungel ruft" in 1936. Performed in "Moral" in 1936. Played Schlittenkutscher in "Savoy-Hotel 217" in 1936. Played Hannemann, Portier in "Potpourri" in 1936. Played Schlosser Priebe in "Patentkunstschloss" in 1936. Played Schuldiener Lemcke in "Susanne im Bade" in 1936. Played Baumann in "Waldwinter" in 1936. Played Der Gerichtsschreiber in "Pan" in 1937. Played Papke in "Vom Regen in die Traufe" in 1937. Performed in "Das Quartett" in 1937. Played Der Requisiteur in "Starke Herzen" in 1937. Played Polizeibeamter in "Patrioten" in 1937. Played Julius Wolff in "Der Biberpelz" in 1937. Played Schneider in "Ein Lied von Liebe" in 1938. Performed in "Skandal um den Hahn" in 1938. Performed in "Der betrogene Kalif" in 1938. Performed in "Dreiklang" in 1938. Played Rehwagen, Zeichner bei Romberg in "Der Tag nach der Scheidung" in 1938. Played Hans-Georg Krause in "Urlaub auf Ehrenwort" in 1938. Performed in "Aber mein lieber Herr Neumann" in 1938. Performed in "Verwehte Spuren" in 1938. Played Wiesenfeld in "Kriminalfall Erich Lemke" in 1938. Performed in "Grossalarm" in 1938. Played Einer der Ziehleute in "Klimbusch macht Wochenende" in 1938. Played Friedrich, Laboratoriumsdiener in "Zwischen den Eltern" in 1938. Played Hausmeister Stanecke in "Ich verweigere die Aussage" in 1939. Played Sergant Galen, Polizeischreiber, Mann v. Frau Galen in "Alarm auf Station III" in 1939. Performed in "Frau am Steuer" in 1939. Played Kellner in "Die kluge Schwiegermutter" in 1939. Played Emil Lieblich in "In letzter Minute" in 1939. Performed in "Ich bin gleich wieder da" in 1939. Performed in "Der Dorfbarbier" in 1939. Performed in "Verdacht auf Ursula" in 1939. Played Bollmann in "Die Brezel" in 1939. Played Kutscher in "Irrtum des Herzens" in 1939. Played Pasemann, Schneidermeister in "Hochzeit mit Hindernissen" in 1939. Performed in "Ein schwieriger Fall" in 1939. Played Standesbeamter in "Bel Ami" in 1939. Performed in "Salonwagen E 417" in 1939. Performed in "Der ungetreue Eckehart" in 1940. Played Herr, der schlecht versteht in "Alles Schwindel" in 1940. Played Vater Teetje in "Herz ohne Heimat" in 1940. Performed in "Die Rothschilds" in 1940. Played Postbote in "Der Kleinstadtpoet" in 1940. Played Kontrolleur in "Wunschkonzert" in 1940. Performed in "Mein Mann darf es nicht wissen" in 1940. Played LKW-Fahrer Gustav in "Sommer, Sonne, Erika" in 1940. Played Ober Max in "Weltrekord im Seitensprung" in 1940. Played Alfred Kunzmann in "Sechs Tage Heimaturlaub" in 1941. Played Kriminalbeamter in "Der Gasmann" in 1941. Played Friseur Putzig in "Leichte Muse" in 1941. Played Buchhalter in "Alarm" in 1941. Performed in "Am Abend auf der Heide" in 1941. Played Kneipp in "Frau Luna" in 1941. Played Glasermeister in "Jakko" in 1941. Played Herr Semmelweiss in "Krach im Vorderhaus" in 1941. Performed in "Frauen sind doch bessere Diplomaten" in 1941. Played Gasmann Knebel in "Wir machen Musik" in 1942. Performed in "Meine Frau Teresa" in 1942. Performed in "Stimme des Herzens" in 1942. Played Pedell Kielreiter in "Geliebter Schatz" in 1943. Played Zeitungsfahrer in "Leichtes Blut" in 1943. Performed in "Liebesgeschichten" in 1943. Played Kneisler, die Wache am Fabrikeingangstor in "Die goldene Spinne" in 1943. Played Ober im Restaurant in "Besatzung Dora" in 1943. Played Lakai in "Die beiden Schwestern" in 1943. Played Kastellan Kliemke in "Die Feuerzangenbowle" in 1944. Performed in "Die Zaubergeige" in 1944. Performed in "Kamerad Hedwig" in 1945. Performed in "Die Schenke zur ewigen Liebe" in 1945. Played Zeuge in "Der Mann im Sattel" in 1945. Performed in "Leuchtende Schatten" in 1945. Played Bankangestellter in "Peter Voss, der Millionendieb" in 1946. Performed in "Glatteis" in 1947. Performed in "Berliner Ballade" in 1948. Played Notenschreiber in "Figaros Hochzeit" in 1949. Played Spediteur in "Man spielt nicht mit der Liebe" in 1949. Performed in "Blauer Dunst" in 1950. Performed in "Die Frau von gestern Nacht" in 1950. Played Singer in "Herrliche Zeiten" in 1950. Played Steffen - Diener in "Erzieherin gesucht" in 1950. Performed in "Torreani" in 1951. Played Levantiner in "Die Frauen des Herrn S." in 1951. Played Lehmann, Kastellan in "Ferien vom Ich" in 1952. Performed in "Ein Abend von Rias Berlin" in 1953. Performed in "Schlagerparade" in 1953. Performed in "Weihnachten bei Buchholzens" in 1953. Performed in "Berlin im Lied" in 1953. Performed in "Knall und Fall als Detektive" in 1953. Performed in "Heimlich, still und leise" in 1953. Played Gresslich in "Damenwahl" in 1953. Performed in "Clivia" in 1954. Performed in "Emil und die Detektive" in 1954. Played Friseur Fasel in "Sohn ohne Heimat" in 1955. Played Vater Krawutke in "Urlaub auf Ehrenwort" in 1955. Performed in "Hotel Adlon" in 1955. Performed in "Wer will noch mal..." in 1955. Played Hotelportier in "Charleys Tante" in 1956. Performed in "Du bist Musik" in 1956. Played Portier in "Banktresor 713" in 1957. Played Minister Stengel in "Piefke, der Schrecken der Kompanie" in 1958. Played Amtsdiener in "Schlag auf Schlag" in 1959. Performed in "Bobby Dodd greift ein" in 1959. Performed in "Du bist wunderbar" in 1959. Played Taxler in "Stefanie in Rio" in 1960. Played Opa in "Komische Geschichten mit Georg Thomalla" in 1961. Played Oberbibliothekar in "Komische Geschichten mit Georg Thomalla" in 1961. Played Singer in "Hotel Victoria" in 1961. Played Kavalier in "Annoncentheater - Ein Abendprogramm des deutschen Fernsehens im Jahre 1776" in 1962. Performed in "Mit Musik kommt alles wieder" in 1962. Performed in "Die Insulaner" in 1962. Performed in "Berlin-Melodie" in 1963. Played Herr Kudrich in "Der Doktor" in 1964. Performed in "Show hin - Schau her" in 1964. Played Sheriff in "Prairie-Saloon" in 1964. Played Opa in "Pension Spreewitz" in 1964. Played Major in "Ein Monat voller Sonntage" in 1964. Played Saaldiener in "Bei Pfeiffers ist Ball" in 1966. Played Stramka in "Das Millionending" in 1966. Performed in "Herrliche Zeiten im Spessart" in 1967. Performed in "Familie Musici" in 1968. Played Pedell in "Klassenkeile" in 1969. Played Herr Bollmann in "Dr. med. Fabian - Lachen ist die beste Medizin" in 1969. Played Peter Hollenberg in "Der trojanische Sessel" in 1971. Played Herr Quade in "Berlin - 0:00 bis 24:00" in 1975. Played Theodor in "Der Pfingstausflug" in 1978.

Margarete Kupfer has: Performed in "Die Konservenbraut" in 1915. Performed in "Frau Eva" in 1916. Played Bessie in "Der schwarze Moritz" in 1916. Performed in "Der feldgraue Groschen" in 1917. Played Minchen Pitschpatsch in "Er soll dein Herr sein" in 1918. Performed in "Die Augen der Mumie Ma" in 1918. Played Frau von Bruchsal in "Irrwege der Liebe" in 1918. Played Carmens Wirtin - Landlady in "Carmen" in 1918. Played Dance Hall Proprietress in "Der gelbe Schein" in 1918. Performed in "Prinz Sami" in 1918. Performed in "Keimendes Leben, Teil 1" in 1918. Performed in "Keimendes Leben, Teil 2" in 1919. Played Weisse Frau in "Moral und Sinnlichkeit" in 1919. Performed in "Die Liebschaften der Kaethe Keller" in 1919. Performed in "Morphium" in 1919. Played Frauenrechtlerin in "Zwangsliebe im Freistaat" in 1919. Played Wibbels Frau in "Schneider Wibbel" in 1920. Performed in "Der Januskopf" in 1920. Performed in "Die Kwannon von Okadera" in 1920. Played Frau von Wroblewski in "Judith Trachtenberg" in 1920. Performed in "Das rosa Trikot" in 1920. Played Alte Frau in "Sumurun" in 1920. Played Carlotta in "Das Haupt des Juarez" in 1920. Performed in "Berlin W." in 1920. Performed in "Kinder der Finsternis - 1. Der Mann aus Neapel" in 1921. Performed in "Des Lebens und der Liebe Wellen" in 1921. Performed in "Die Rache einer Frau" in 1921. Performed in "Die Brillantenmieze, 2. Teil" in 1921. Performed in "Satansketten" in 1921. Performed in "Die Jagd nach der Wahrheit" in 1921. Performed in "Taschendiebe" in 1921. Played Olivia de Clairon in "Das Kind der Strasse, 2. Teil" in 1921. Performed in "Opfer der Keuschheit" in 1921. Performed in "Christian Wahnschaffe, 2. Teil - Die Flucht aus dem goldenen Kerker" in 1921. Played Frau Danieli in "Die kleine Dagmar" in 1921. Played Hexe in "Teufel und Circe" in 1921. Performed in "Die Brillantenmieze, 1. Teil" in 1921. Played Kokalaura in "Julot der Apache" in 1921. Performed in "Das Kind der Strasse, 1. Teil" in 1921. Performed in "Schieber" in 1921. Played Madame Huisman in "Die im Schatten gehen" in 1921. Performed in "Das zweite Leben" in 1921. Played Ehrendamen hinter schwedischen Gardinen in "Sie und die Drei" in 1922. Played Ruschka in "Frauen, die die Ehe brechen" in 1922. Played Alte Barbara in "Der Graf von Charolais" in 1922. Played Daja, die christliche Pflegerin Rechas in "Nathan der Weise" in 1922. Played Luska in "Liebes-List und -Lust" in 1922. Performed in "Krawattenmacher - Der Wucherer von Berlin" in 1922. Played Die alte Safi in "Nur eine Nacht" in 1922. Performed in "Bigamie" in 1922. Performed in "Der Tiger des Zirkus Farini" in 1923. Performed in "Bob und Mary" in 1923. Performed in "Der Menschenfeind" in 1923. Played Nachbarin in "Die Stimme des Herzens" in 1924. Played Tante in "Soll und Haben" in 1924. Played Jacqueline, Dienstmagd bei Nanon in "Nanon" in 1924. Played Mittenzweys Freundin in "Das Spiel mit dem Schicksal" in 1924. Performed in "Die Liebesbriefe einer Verlassenen" in 1924. Performed in "Mater dolorosa" in 1924. Performed in "Nju - Eine unverstandene Frau" in 1924. Performed in "Dudu, ein Menschenschicksal" in 1924. Played Alma Kupfer in "Elegantes Pack" in 1925. Played Frau Romberg in "Der Hahn im Korb" in 1925. Played Verwalterin in "Die Verrufenen" in 1925. Played Emilie in "Die Moral der Gasse" in 1925. Played Tante in "Wenn Du eine Tante hast" in 1925. Performed in "Heiratsschwindler" in 1925. Performed in "Die Kleine aus der Konfektion" in 1925. Played Marta in "Die Motorbraut" in 1925. Played Witwe Lieschen Klumpp, geb. Nachtlicht in "Die Frau mit dem Etwas" in 1925. Performed in "Aufstieg der kleinen Lilian" in 1925. Performed in "Die Frau ohne Geld" in 1925. Played Garderobenfrau Arsinoe in "Le fauteuil 47" in 1926. Performed in "Qualen der Nacht" in 1926. Played Frau Zielke in "Die Unehelichen" in 1926. Played Provinzonkels Gattin in "Der Provinzonkel" in 1926. Played Witwe Erdmann in "Das deutsche Mutterherz" in 1926. Played Frau Schimel - Tischlerswitwe in "Familie Schimeck - Wiener Herzen" in 1926. Played Frau Storchschnabel in "Der Bankkrach unter den Linden" in 1926. Played Ria Ricarda Roda in "Menschen untereinander" in 1926. Performed in "Aus des Rheinlands Schicksalstagen" in 1926. Performed in "Die rote Maus" in 1926. Played Witwe in "Der Soldat der Marie" in 1927. Played Studentenwirtin in "Das war in Heidelberg in blauer Sommernacht" in 1927. Played Witwe Lehmann in "Wochenendzauber" in 1927. Performed in "Die Liebe der Jeanne Ney" in 1927. Played Anny Kiliane in "Faschingszauber" in 1927. Played Frau Wuschke in "Durchlaucht Radieschen" in 1927. Performed in "Klettermaxe" in 1927. Played Frau Kraatz in "Das Erwachen des Weibes" in 1927. Played Frau Haase in "Liebesreigen" in 1927. Played Frau Reiner in "Funkzauber" in 1927. Played Die Wirtin in "Dragonerliebchen" in 1928. Played Frau Hapke, Zimmervermieterin in "Eva in Seide" in 1928. Performed in "Lemkes sel. Witwe" in 1928. Played seine Frau in "Zuflucht" in 1928. Performed in "Saxophon-Susi" in 1928. Played Amalie, seine Frau in "Aus dem Tagebuch eines Junggesellen" in 1929. Played Bit Part in "Midstream" in 1929. Played Annys Mutter in "Die vom Rummelplatz" in 1930. Played Madame Heye in "Cyankali" in 1930. Played Frau Breuer in "Alimente" in 1930. Played Priscilla - seine Frau in "Bockbierfest" in 1930. Performed in "Es kommt alle Tage vor..." in 1930. Played Frau Apel in "Der ungetreue Eckehart" in 1931. Played Kurpfuscherin in "Feind im Blut" in 1931. Played His wife in "Baby" in 1932. Performed in "Fidele Razzia" in 1932. Played Mutter Streblow in "Strich durch die Rechnung" in 1932. Played Bella da Vasco in "Ein steinreicher Mann" in 1932. Played Anna in "Das Abenteuer der Thea Roland" in 1932. Played Frau Breitsprecher in "Das Blaue vom Himmel" in 1932. Played Seine Frau in "Eine Nacht im Paradies" in 1932. Played Frau Niedlich in "Das lustige Kleeblatt" in 1933. Played Garderobiere in "Johannisnacht" in 1933. Performed in "A Daughter of Her People" in 1933. Played Frau Bangmann in "Die kalte Mamsell" in 1933. Played Konstanze Ruhland, seine Frau in "Bei der blonden Kathrein" in 1934. Performed in "Seine beste Erfindung" in 1934. Played Jadwiga Kwasinskaja in "Polenblut" in 1934. Played Auguste, seine Frau in "Ein schwerer Junge" in 1934. Played Gertrude in "Csibi, der Fratz" in 1934. Played Frau Lehmann in "Selbst ist der Mann" in 1934. Played Kulka in "Der Schlafwagenkontrolleur" in 1935. Played Die Vermieterin in "Zimmer zu vermieten" in 1935. Played Czipra in "Zigeunerbaron" in 1935. Played Frau Schmidt in "Ich liebe alle Frauen" in 1935. Played Frau Schnuller in "Hummel - Hummel" in 1936. Performed in "Kalbsragout mit Champignons" in 1936. Played Eine alte Dame in "Eskapade" in 1936. Played Mutter Pietsch in "Das Veilchen vom Potsdamer Platz" in 1936. Played Olivia Hawkins in "Blinde Passagiere" in 1936. Played Mme. Turpin in "Andere Welt" in 1937. Played Portierfrau in "Frauenliebe - Frauenleid" in 1937. Played Frau Brocard - Lillis Wirtin in "Die Austernlilli" in 1937. Played Frau Holzapfel in "Der nackte Spatz" in 1938. Played Blumenfrau in "Eine Frau wie Du" in 1939. Performed in "Notgemeinschaft Hinterhaus" in 1939. Performed in "Die Frau ohne Vergangenheit" in 1939. Played Frau Kulikowski in "Ich bin gleich wieder da" in 1939. Played Frau Menzel in "Ziel in den Wolken" in 1939. Played Paula Braun in "Verwandte sind auch Menschen" in 1940. Played Mutter Lieschke in "Die drei Codonas" in 1940. Played Frau Krawutschke in "Krach im Vorderhaus" in 1941. Played Frau Nimtsch in "Das alte Lied" in 1945. Performed in "Martina" in 1949. Performed in "Vier Treppen rechts" in 1950.

The cast of Dorfers Donnerstalk - 2004 includes: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as himself Diego Armando Maradona as himself Armin Assinger as himself Willy Astor as himself Stimmgewitter Augustin as Themselves Otto Baric as himself Pope Benedict XVI as himself Silvio Berlusconi as himself Eva Billisich Eva Billisich as Angie Tony Blair as Himself - G8 Summit 2007 Josef Broukal as himself Josef Broukal as Himself - Runder Tisch Josef Bucher as himself Doris Bures as herself Erhard Busek as himself Laura Bush as herself George Bush as himself Josef Cap as himself Fidel Castro as himself Horst Chmela as himself Karin Chvatal as Mutter Plasser Christian Clerici as himself Norbert Darabos as himself Hans Dichand as himself Fritz Dinkhauser as himself Alfred Dorfer as himself Alfred Dorfer as Himself - Host Alfred Dorfer as Intendant Prof. Alfred Dorfer Christoph Drexler Christoph Drexler as himself Stefanie Dvorak Stefanie Dvorak as herself Stefanie Dvorak as Interviewerin Stefanie Dvorak as Justizministerin Maria Berger Stefanie Dvorak as Sonja, Expeditionsteilnehmerin Stefanie Dvorak as Steffi Stefanie Dvorak as Steffi von der Kultur Johann Ernst Hinterseer as himself Werner Faymann as himself Maria Fekter as herself Leopold Figl as himself Margit Fischer as Herself - Official Reception for Putin Margit Fischer as Herself - Opernballgast Ottfried Fischer as himself Joschka Fischer as himself Stefan Fleming as Narrator Gabriele Flossmann as Narrator John Foster Dulles as himself Elisabeth Gehrer as herself Hans Georg Heinke as himself Jazz Gitti as herself Eva Glawischnig as herself Daniela Golpashin as Helena, Expeditionsteilnehmerin Daniela Golpashin as Starmaniac Mikhail Gorbachev as himself Johannes Grenzfurthner as Die Keilschrifttafel Christoph Grissemann Christoph Grissemann as Bergdeutscher Willkommensdienst Christoph Grissemann as Bocki Christoph Grissemann as Club 2-Moderator Christoph Grissemann as Edi Christoph Grissemann as Frau Bock Christoph Grissemann as Graf Horst Christoph Grissemann as Grissao Christoph Grissemann as Helmut Schleichdich Christoph Grissemann as himself Christoph Grissemann as Kabarettisten-Nutte Christoph Grissemann as Keiler Johannes Christoph Grissemann as Long Dong Gold Christoph Grissemann as Ludwig Christoph Grissemann as Medium Christian Christoph Grissemann as Nazi Christoph Grissemann as ORF Hausmeister Christoph Grissemann as Parkwacht Stenzel Christoph Grissemann as Primar Prostata Christoph Grissemann as Quizmaster Christoph Grissemann as Robert Trenkwalder Christoph Grissemann as Roman Raffgeier Christoph Grissemann as Siegfried Christoph Grissemann as Simultandolmetscher Christoph Grissemann as Sportmoderator Christoph Grissemann as Weinverkoster Christoph Grissemann as Werner Grissmann Werner Gruber as himself John Gudenus as himself Johann Gudenus as himself Alfred Gusenbauer as himself Alfred Gusenbauer as Himself - Official Reception for Putin Josef Hader as himself Alfons Haider as himself Alfons Haider as Himself - Host Alfons Haider as Himself - Moderator Life Ball Alfons Haider as Himself - Opernball-Moderator Herbert Haider as Quiz-Show-Teilnehmer Clemens Haipl Clemens Haipl as Franz aus Amstetten Stephen Harper as Himself - G8 Summit 2007 Ursula Haubner as herself Sigrid Hauser as Marie Theres L. Z. D. W. Dominic Heinzl as himself Melanie Herbe as Silke Berg Adolf Hitler as himself Karl Hohenlohe as August von Thun-Hohenfisch Ioan Holender as himself Ioan Holender as Himself - Opernballgast Maximilian Hron as Franz Rudolf Hundstorfer as himself Gloria Ikonge as Condoleezza Rice Otto Jankovich as Andi Raudaschl Otto Jankovich as Berater des Finanzministers Otto Jankovich as Saab Gripen Hu Jintao as Himself - G8 Summit 2007 Grace Jones as Herself - Wiener Opernball 1996 Hannes Kartnik as himself Andrea Kdolsky as herself Andreas Khol as himself Arabella Kiesbauer as Herself - Dancing Star Arabella Kiesbauer as Herself - Opernball-Moderatorin Thomas Klestil as himself Bernhard Kohl as himself Dagmar Koller as herself Dagmar Koller as Herself - Jury Christian Konrad as himself Hans Krankl as himself Hans Kreuzmayr as himself Niki Lauda as himself Tarek Leitner as Himself - ZIB Moderator Marika Lichter as herself Marika Lichter as Herself - Dancing Star Reinhold Lopatka as himself Christina Lugner as herself Christina Lugner as Herself - Opernballgast Richard Lugner as himself Richard Lugner as Himself - Opernballgast Harold Macmillan as himself Hermann Maier as himself Christine Marek as herself Anna Maria Ammerling as Putzfrau Eva Maria Marold as Fiona Swarovski Eva Maria Marold as Fox News Reader Eva Maria Marold as Kroatin Eva Maria Marold as Starmaniac John McCain as himself Angela Merkel as herself Angela Merkel as Herself - G8 Summit 2007 Michael Mittermeier as himself Wilhelm Molterer as himself Franz Morak as himself Tobias Moretti as himself Reini Moritz Ferry Mossboek as himself Hannes Muik as Starmaniac Fritz Muliar as himself Michael Niavarani as Hassan Maschani Michael Niavarani as Mahmut Hdemir Michael Niavarani as Wahlbeobachter Michael Niavarani as Zeitungskolporteur Angelika Niedetzky as Expeditionsteilnehmerin Angelika Niedetzky as Frau Pleschberger Brigitte Nielsen as herself Wendy Night as Stripperin Reinhard Nowak as Sportreporter Barack Obama as himself Cornelius Obonya as Herr Stimmeder Nicholas Ofczarek as Projektleiter Andreas Ogris as himself Michael Ostrowski as Schallbert Gilet Robert Palfrader as Berater des Finanzministers Robert Palfrader as Fernsehzuseher Robert Palfrader as Frederik, Expeditionsteilnehmer Robert Palfrader as Herr Pleschberger Robert Palfrader as Leutnant Wiesinger Markus Pauser as Gutachter Helmut Pechlaner as himself Lorenz Pichler Lorenz Pichler as himself Peter Pilz as himself Ursula Plassnik as herself Ursula Plassnik as Herself - Official Reception for Putin Toni Polster as himself Toni Polster as Himself - Dancing Star Hugo Portisch as himself Romano Prodi as Himself - G8 Summit 2007 Herbert Prohaska as himself Herbert Prohaska as Himself - Presenter Martin Puntigam Martin Puntigam as himself Martin Puntigam as iBroukal Vladimir Putin as himself Vladimir Putin as Himself - G8 Summit 2007 Vladimir Putin as Himself - Official Reception in Vienna Lyudmila Putina as Herself - Official Reception in Vienna Roman Rafreider as himself Peter Rapp as himself Lukas Resetarits as himself Lukas Resetarits as Luka Stepic Willi Resetarits as Wilhelm Barbara Rett as Herself - Dancing Star Franz Robert Wagner as Narrator Dodo Roscic as herself Barbara Rosenkranz as herself Arminio Rothstein as Habakuk Laura Rudas as herself Vera Russwurm as herself Ulrich Salamun as Maschek Nicolas Sarkozy as himself Nicolas Sarkozy as Himself - G8 Summit 2007 Walter Schachner as himself David Schalko as himself David Schalko as Kunde am Kabarettisten-Strich Lothar Scherpe as himself Florian Scheuba as Adolf Scheuch Florian Scheuba as Alfred Dorfer Florian Scheuba as Arabella Kiesbauer Florian Scheuba as Armin Assinger Florian Scheuba as Frank Stronach Florian Scheuba as Frederik Franzl Florian Scheuba as George W. Bush Florian Scheuba as Hans-Peter Martin Florian Scheuba as Herbert Prohaska Florian Scheuba as himself Florian Scheuba as Kaiser Karl I. Florian Scheuba as Karl-Heinz Grasser Florian Scheuba as Mirjam Weichselbraun Florian Scheuba as Peter Resetarits Florian Scheuba as Prof. Neo Kons Florian Scheuba as Stefan Pestgruber Florian Scheuba as Ursula Haubner Florian Scheuba as Various Characters Uwe Scheuch as himself Friedrich Schiller as himself Erich Schindlecker as Berater des Finanzministers Heide Schmidt as herself Max Schmiedl as himself Bernadette Schneider as Herself - Host Georg Schramm as Obstlt. Sanftleben Viktoria Schubert as Armin Assingers Mutter Maria Schuchter as herself Mat Schuh as Himself - Dancing Star Arnold Schwarzenegger as himself Robert Seeger as himself Paul Skrepek as Dr. Helmut Zilk Werner Sobotka as Osama Bin Laden Robert Stachel as Maschek Matthias Steiner as himself Erwin Steinhauer as Helmut Elsner Erwin Steinhauer as Prof. Dr. Plasser Erwin Steinhauer as Roland Horngacher Dirk Stermann Dirk Stermann as Bergdeutscher Willkommensdienst Dirk Stermann as Bildungstourist Dirk Stermann as Bodo Vogelstrauss senior Dirk Stermann as Checki Dirk Stermann as Das Dirkele Dirk Stermann as Detlef Palich Dirk Stermann as Dr. Dirk Dirnberger Dirk Stermann as Dr. Nierenstein Dirk Stermann as Eberhard Forcher Dirk Stermann as EU-Referent Dirk Stermann as himself Dirk Stermann as Jens Uwesch Dirk Stermann as Kabarettisten-Nutte Dirk Stermann as Klaus-Dieter Grasser Dirk Stermann as Nazi Dirk Stermann as ORF Redakteur Dirk Stermann as ORF-Korrespondent Dirk Stermann as Quizmaster Dirk Stermann as Reinfried Langnese Dirk Stermann as Roy Dirk Stermann as Saddam Hussein Dirk Stermann as Sportmoderator Dirk Stermann as Sternemann, Parkwacht Stenzel Dirk Stermann as Weinverkoster Thomas Stipsits as himself Mike Supancic as himself Jacky Surowitz as Putzfrau Julian Tempfer as Berater des Finanzministers Ingrid Thurnher as herself Ingrid Thurnher as Herself - Opernball-Moderatorin Ingrid Thurnher as Herself - ORF-Korrespondentin Ingrid Thurnher as Herself - Runder Tisch Ingrid Thurnher as Herself - ZIB-Moderatorin Christian Tramitz as Oberst Preminger Alexander Van der Bellen as himself Ivica Vastic as himself Hannelore Veit as Herself - TV-Moderatorin Otto von Habsburg as himself Gerald Votava as Elisabeth Gehrer Kurt Waldheim as himself Gabi Waldner as herself Mirjam Weichselbraun as Herself - Host Mirjam Weichselbraun as Herself - Moderatorin Life Ball Pia Weninger as Hildegard Peter Westenthaler as himself Armin Wolf as himself Armin Wolf as Himself - Moderator Armin Wolf as Himself - ZIB Moderator Peter Wustinger as Assinger Bauer Peter Wustinger as Grazer Peter Wustinger as Gutachter Peter Wustinger as Haubners Nachbar Peter Wustinger as himself Peter Wustinger as Himself - am Spendentelefon Peter Wustinger as Kaspar Peter Wustinger as Lucky Lehmann Peter Wustinger as Oberarzt Peter Wustinger as Prof. Rolf Prokop Peter Wustinger as Sonjas Freund Helmut Zilk as himself Martina Zinner as Mia Zutz Heinz Zuber as Enrico, der Clown

33 cm), just a few centimeters longer than the size of a foot.As in China and Korea, Japan employed different shaku for different purposes. The "carpentry" shaku (曲尺, kanejaku) was used for construction. It was a little longer in the 19th century prior to its metric redefinition. The "cloth" or "whale" shaku (鯨尺, kujirajaku), named for tailors' and fabric merchants' baleen rulers, was ​1⁄4 longer and used in measuring cloth. (A longer unit of about 25 cloth shaku was the tan.) Traditional Japanese clothing was reckoned using the "traditional clothing" shaku (呉服尺, gofukujaku), about ​1⁄5 longer than the carpentry shaku. The Shōsōin in Nara has ivory 1-shaku rulers, the kōgebachiru-no-shaku (紅牙撥鏤尺).The Japanese ri is now much longer than the Chinese or Korean li, comprising 36 chō, 2160 ken, or 12,960 shaku. A still longer unit was formerly standard in Ise on Honshu and throughout the 9 provinces of Kyushu, which comprised 50 chō, 3000 ken, or 18,000 shaku. The imperial nautical mile of 6080 feet (1853.19 m) was also formerly used by the Japanese in maritime contexts as a "marine ri". A fourth and shorter ri of about 600 m is still evident in some beach names. The "99-Ri" beach at Kujukuri is about 60 km. The "7-Ri" beach at Shichiri is 4.2 km long. The traditional units are still used for construction materials in Japan. For example, plywood is usually manufactured in 182 cm × 91 cm (about 72 in × 36 in) sheets known in the trade as saburokuhan (3 × 6版), or 3 × 6 shaku. Each sheet is about the size of one tatami mat. The thicknesses of the sheets, however, are usually measured in millimetres. The names of these units also live in the name of the bamboo flute shakuhachi (尺八), literally "shaku eight", which measures one shaku and eight sun, and the Japanese version of the Tom Thumb story, Issun Bōshi (一寸法師), literally "one sun boy", as well as in many Japanese proverbs. The base unit of Japanese area is the tsubo, equivalent to a square ken or 36 square shaku. It is twice the size of the jō, the area of the Nagoya tatami mat. Both units are used informally in discussing real estate floorspace. Due to historical connections, the tsubo is still used as the official base unit of area in Taiwan.In agricultural contexts, the tsubo is known as the bu. The larger units remain in common use by Japanese farmers when discussing the sizes of fields. The base unit of Japanese volume is the shō, although the gō now sees more use since it is reckoned as the appropriate size of a serving of rice or sake. Sake bottles are now marketed as containing 1800 mL exactly.The koku is historically important: since it was reckoned as the amount of rice necessary to feed a person for a single year, it was used to compute agricultural output and official salaries. The koku of rice was sometimes reckoned as 3000 "sacks". By the 1940s the shipping koku was ​1⁄10 of the shipping ton of 40 or 42 cu ft (i.e., 110–120 L); the koku of timber was about 10 cu ft (280 L); and the koku of fish, like many modern bushels, was no longer reckoned by volume but computed by weight (40 kan). The shakujime of timber was about 12 cu ft (340 L) and the taba about 108 ft³ (3,100 L or 3.1 m3). The base unit of Japanese mass is the kan, although the momme is more common. It is a recognised unit in the international pearl industry.The Japanese form of the Chinese tael was the ryō (両). It was customarily reckoned as around 4 or 10 momme but, because of its importance as a fundamental unit of the silver and gold bullion used as currency in medieval Japan, it varied over time and location from those notional values. Imperial units are sometimes used in Japan. Feet and inches are used for most non-sport bicycles, whose tyre sizes follow a British system; for sizes of magnetic tape and many pieces of computer hardware; for photograph sizes; and for the sizes of electronic displays for electronic devices. Photographic prints, however, are usually rounded to the nearest millimetre and screens are not described in terms of inches but "type" (型, gata). For instance, a television whose screen has a 17-inch diagonal is described as a "17-type" (17型) and one with a 32-inch widescreen screen is called a "32-vista-type" (32V型). A milliradian (SI-symbol mrad, sometimes also abbreviated mil) is an SI derived unit for angular measurement which is defined as a thousandth of a radian (0.001 radian). Milliradians are used in adjustment of firearm sights by adjusting the angle of the sight compared to the barrel (up, down, left, or right). Milliradians are also used for comparing shot groupings, or to compare the difficulty of hitting different sized shooting targets at different distances. When using a scope with both mrad adjustment and a reticle with mrad markings (called an "mrad/mrad scope"), the shooter can use the reticle as a 'ruler' to count the number of mrads a shot was off-target, which directly translates to the sight adjustment needed to hit the target with a follow up shot. Optics with mrad markings in the reticle can also be used to make a range estimation of a known size target, or vice versa, to determine a target size if the distance is known, a practice called "milling". Milliradians are generally used for very small angles, which allows for very accurate mathematical approximations to more easily calculate with direct proportions, back and forth between the angular separation observed in an optic, linear subtension on target, and range. In such applications it is useful to use a unit for target size that is a thousandth of the unit for range, for instance by using the metric units millimeters for target size and meters for range. This coincides with the definition of the milliradian where the arc length is defined as 1/1,000 of the radius. A common adjustment value in firearm sights is 1 cm at 100 meters which equals 10 mm/100 m = 1/10 mrad. The true definition of a milliradian is based on a unit circle with a radius of one and an arc divided into 1,000 mrad per radian, hence 2,000 π or approximately 6,283.185 milliradians in one turn, and rifle scope adjustments and reticles are calibrated to this definition. There are also other definitions used for land mapping and artillery which are rounded to more easily be divided into smaller parts for use with compasses, which are then often referred to as "mils", "lines", or similar. For instance there are artillery sights and compasses with 6,400 NATO mils, 6,000 Warsaw Pact mils or 6,300 Swedish "streck" per turn instead of 360° or 2π radians, achieving higher resolution than a 360° compass while also being easier to divide into parts than if true milliradians were used. The milliradian (approximately 6,283.185 in a circle) was first used in the mid-19th century by Charles-Marc Dapples (1837–1920), a Swiss engineer and professor at the University of Lausanne. Degrees and minutes were the usual units of angular measurement but others were being proposed, with "grads" (400 gradians in a circle) under various names having considerable popularity in much of northern Europe. However, Imperial Russia used a different approach, dividing a circle into equilateral triangles (60° per triangle, 6 triangles in a circle) and hence 600 units to a circle. Around the time of the start of World War I, France was experimenting with the use of millièmes or angular mils (6400 in a circle) for use with artillery sights instead of decigrades (4000 in a circle). The United Kingdom was also trialing them to replace degrees and minutes. They were adopted by France although decigrades also remained in use throughout World War I. Other nations also used decigrades. The United States, which copied many French artillery practices, adopted angular mils, later known as NATO mils. Before 2007 the Swedish defence forces used "streck" (6300 in a circle, streck meaning lines or marks) (together with degrees for some navigation) which is closer to the milliradian but then changed to NATO mils. After the Bolshevik Revolution and the adoption of the metric system of measurement (e.g. artillery replaced "units of base" with meters) the Red Army expanded the 600 unit circle into a 6000 mil circle. Hence the Russian mil has a somewhat different origin than those derived from French artillery practices. In the 1950s, NATO adopted metric units of measurement for land and general use. NATO mils, meters, and kilograms became standard, although degrees remained in use for naval and air purposes, reflecting civil practices. Use of the milliradian is practical because it is concerned with small angles, and when using radians the small angle approximation shows that the angle approximates to the sine of the angle, that is sin ⁡ θ ≃ θ {\displaystyle \sin \theta \simeq \theta } . This allows a user to dispense with trigonometry and use simple ratios to determine size and distance with high accuracy for rifle and short distance artillery calculations by using the handy property of subtension: One mrad approximately subtends one meter at a distance of one thousand meters. More in detail, because subtension ≃ arc length {\displaystyle {\text{subtension}}\simeq {\text{arc length}}} , instead of finding the angular distance denoted by θ (Greek letter theta) by using the tangent function θ trig = arctan ⁡ subtension range {\displaystyle \theta _{\text{trig}}=\arctan {\frac {\text{subtension}}{\text{range}}}} ,one can instead make a good approximation by using the definition of a radian and the simplified formula: θ rad ≃ subtension range {\displaystyle \theta _{\text{rad}}\simeq {\frac {\text{subtension}}{\text{range}}}} Since a radian is mathematically defined as the angle formed when the length of a circular arc equals the radius of the circle, a milliradian, is the angle formed when the length of a circular arc equals 1/1000 of the radius of the circle. Just like the radian, the milliradian is dimensionless, but unlike the radian where the same unit must be used for radius and arc length, the milliradian needs to have a ratio between the units where the subtension is a thousandth of the radius when using the simplified formula. The approximation error by using the simplified linear formula will increase as the angle increases. For example, a 3.3×10−7% (or 0.00000033%) error for an angle of 0.1 mrad, for instance by assuming 0.1 mrad equals 1 cm at 100 m 0.03% error for 30 mrad, i.e. assuming 30 mrad equals 30 m at 1000 m 2.9% error for 300 mrad, i.e. assuming 300 mrad equals 300 m at 1000 mThe approximation using mrad is more precise than using another common system where 1′ (minute of arc) is approximated as 1 inch at 100 yards, where comparably there is a: 4.5% error by assuming that an angle of 1′ equals 1 inch at 100 yd 55% error for 100′, i.e. assuming 100′ equals 100 in at 100 yd 953% error for 1000′, i.e. assuming 1000′ equals 1000 inches at 100 yd Milliradian adjustment is commonly used as a unit for clicks in the mechanical adjustment knobs (turrets) of iron and scope sights both in the military and civilian shooting sports. New shooters are often explained the principle of subtensions in order to understand that a milliradian is an angular measurement. Subtension is the physical amount of space covered by an angle and varies with distance. Thus, the subtension corresponding to a mrad (either in an mrad reticle or in mrad adjustments) varies with range. Knowing subtensions at different ranges can be useful for sighting in a firearm if there is no optic with an mrad reticle available, but involves mathematical calculations, and is therefore not used very much in practical applications. Subtensions always change with distance, but an mrad (as observed through an optic) is always an mrad regardless of distance. Therefore, ballistic tables and shot corrections are given in mrads, thereby avoiding the need for mathematical calculations. If a rifle scope has mrad markings in the reticle (or there is a spotting scope with an mrad reticle available), the reticle can be used to measure how many mrads to correct a shot even without knowing the shooting distance. For instance, assuming a precise shot fired by an experienced shooter missed the target by 0.8 mrad as seen through an optic, and the firearm sight has 0.1 mrad adjustments, the shooter must then dial 8 clicks on the scope to hit the same target under the same conditions. General purpose scopes Gradations (clicks) of 1/4′, 1/10 mrad and 1/2′ are used in general purpose sights for hunting, target and long range shooting at varied distances. The click values are fine enough to get dialed in for most target shooting and coarse enough to keep the number of clicks down when dialing. Speciality scopes 0.25/10 mrad, 1/8′ and 0.5/10 mrad are used in speciality scope sights for extreme precision at fixed target ranges such as benchrest shooting. Some specialty iron sights used in ISSF 10 m, 50 m and 300 meter rifle come with adjustments in either 0.5/10 mrad or 0.25/10 mrad. The small adjustment value means these sights can be adjusted in very small increments. These fine adjustments are however not very well suited for dialing between varied distances such as in field shooting because of the high number of clicks that will be required to move the line of sight, making it easier to lose track of the number of clicks than in scopes with larger click adjustments. For instance to move the line of sight 0.4 mrad, a 0.1 mrad scope must be adjusted 4 clicks, while comparably a 0.05 mrad and 0.025 mrad scope must be adjusted 8 and 16 clicks respectively. Others 1.5/10 mrad and 2/10 mrad can be found in some short range sights, mostly with capped turrets, but are not very widely used. Subtension refers to the length between two points on a target, and is usually given in either centimeters, millimeters or inches. Since an mrad is an angular measurement, the subtension covered by a given angle (angular distance or angular diameter) increases with viewing distance to the target. For instance the same angle of 0.1 mrad will subtend 10 mm at 100 meters, 20 mm at 200 meters, etc., or similarly 0.39 inches at 100 m, 0.78 inches at 200 m, etc. Subtensions in mrad based optics are particularly useful together with target sizes and shooting distances in metric units. The most common scope adjustment increment in mrad based rifle scopes is 0.1 mrad, which are sometimes called "one centimeter clicks" since 0.1 mrad equals exactly 1 cm at 100 meters, 2 cm at 200 meters, etc. Similarly, an adjustment click on a scope with 0.2 mrad adjustment will move the point of bullet impact 2 cm at 100 m and 4 cm at 200 m, etc. When using a scope with both mrad adjustment and a reticle with mrad markings (called a mrad/mrad scope), the shooter can spot his own bullet impact and easily correct the sight if needed. If the shot was a miss, the mrad reticle can simply be used as a "ruler" to count the number of mrads the shot was off target. The number of mrads to correct is then multiplied by ten if the scope has 0.1 mrad adjustments. If for instance the shot was 0.6 mrad to the right of the target, 6 clicks will be needed to adjust the sight. This way there is no need for math, conversions, knowledge of target size or distance. This is true for a first focal plane scope at all magnifications, but a variable second focal plane must be set to a given magnification (usually its maximum magnification) for any mrad scales to be correct. When using a scope with mrad adjustments, but without mrad markings in the reticle (i.e. a standard duplex cross-hair on a hunting or benchrest scope), sight correction for a known target subtension and known range can be calculated by the following formula, which utilizes the fact that an adjustment of 1 mrad changes the impact as many millimeters as there are meters: adjustment in mrad = subtension in mm range in m {\displaystyle {\text{adjustment in mrad}}={\frac {\text{subtension in mm}}{\text{range in m}}}} For instance: 20 mm/50 m = 0.4 mrad, or 4 clicks with a 1/10 mrad adjustment scope. 50 mm/1000 m = 0.05 mrad, or 1 click with a 0.05 mrad adjustment scope.In firearm optics, where 0.1 mrad per click is the most common mrad based adjustment value, another common rule of thumb is that: An adjustment of ​1⁄10 mrad changes the impact as many centimeters as there are hundreds of meters. I.e., 1 cm at 100 meters, 2.25 cm at 225 meters, 0.5 cm at 50 meters, etc., see the table below The horizontal and vertical adjustment range of a firearm sight is often advertised by the manufacturer using mrad's. For instance a rifle scope may be advertised as having a vertical adjustment range of 20 mrad, which means that by turning the turret the bullet impact can be moved a total of 20 meters at 1000 meters (or 2 m at 100 m, 4 m at 200 m, 6 m at 300 m etc.). The horizontal and vertical adjustment ranges can be different for a particular sight, for instance a scope may have 20 mrad vertical and 10 mrad horizontal adjustment. Elevation differ between models, but about 10–11 mrad are common in hunting scopes, while scopes made for long range shooting usually have an adjustment range of 20–30 mrad (70–100 moa).Sights can either be mounted in neutral or tilted mounts. In a neutral mount (also known as "flat base" or non-tilted mount) the sight will point reasonably parallel to the barrel, and be close to a zero at 100 meters (about 1 mrad low depending on rifle and caliber). After zeroing at 100 meters the sight will thereafter always have to be adjusted upwards to compensate for bullet drop at longer ranges, and therefore the adjustment below zero will never be used. This means that when using a neutral mount only about half of the scope's total elevation will be usable for shooting at longer ranges: usable elevation in neutral mount = scope's total elevation 2 {\displaystyle {\text{usable elevation in neutral mount}}={\frac {\text{scope's total elevation}}{2}}} In most regular sport and hunting rifles (except for in long range shooting), sights are usually mounted in neutral mounts. This is done because the optical quality of the scope is best in the middle of its adjustment range, and only being able to use half of the adjustment range to compensate for bullet drop is seldom a problem at short and medium range shooting. However, in long range shooting tilted scope mounts are common since it is very important to have enough vertical adjustment to compensate for the bullet drop at longer distances. For this purpose scope mounts are sold with varying degrees of tilt, but some common values are: 3 mrad, which equals 3 m at 1000 m (or 0.3 m at 100 m) 6 mrad, which equals 6 m at 1000 m (or 0.6 m at 100 m) 9 mrad, which equals 9 m at 1000 m (or 0.9 m at 100 m)With a tilted mount the maximum usable scope elevation can be found by: maximum elevation with tilted mount = scope's total elevation 2 + base tilt {\displaystyle {\text{maximum elevation with tilted mount}}={\frac {\text{scope's total elevation}}{2}}+{\text{base tilt}}} The adjustment range needed to shoot at a certain distance vary with firearm, caliber and load. For example, with a certain .308 load and firearm combination, the bullet may drop 13 mrad at 1000 meters (13 meters). To be able to reach out, one could either: Use a scope with 26 mrad of adjustment in a neutral mount, to get a usable adjustment of 26 mrad/2 = 13 mrad Use a scope with 14 mrad of adjustment and a 6 mrad tilted mount to achieve a maximum adjustment of 14 mrad/2 + 6 = 13 mrad A shot grouping is the spread of multiple shots on a target, taken in one shooting session. The group size on target in milliradians can be obtained by measuring the spread of the rounds on target in millimeters with a caliper and dividing by the shooting distance in meters. This way, using milliradians, one can easily compare shot groupings or target difficulties at different shooting distances. group size in mrad = group size in mm range in m {\displaystyle {\text{group size in mrad}}={\frac {\text{group size in mm}}{\text{range in m}}}} If the firearm is attached in a fixed mount and aimed at a target, the shot grouping measures the firearms mechanical precision and the uniformity of the ammunition. When the firearm also is held by a shooter, the shot grouping partly measures the precision of the firearm and ammunition, and partly the shooter's consistency and skill. Often the shooters' skill is the most important element towards achieving a tight shot grouping, especially when competitors are using the same match grade firearms and ammunition. Many telescopic sights used on rifles have reticles that are marked in mrad. This can either be accomplished with lines or dots, and the latter is generally called mil-dots. The mrad reticle serves two purposes, range estimation and trajectory correction. With a mrad reticle-equipped scope the distance to an object can be estimated with a fair degree of accuracy by a trained user by determining how many milliradians an object of known size subtends. Once the distance is known, the drop of the bullet at that range (see external ballistics), converted back into milliradians, can be used to adjust the aiming point. Generally mrad-reticle scopes have both horizontal and vertical crosshairs marked; the horizontal and vertical marks are used for range estimation and the vertical marks for bullet drop compensation. Trained users, however, can also use the horizontal dots to compensate for bullet drift due to wind. Milliradian-reticle-equipped scopes are well suited for long shots under uncertain conditions, such as those encountered by military and law enforcement snipers, varmint hunters and other field shooters. These riflemen must be able to aim at varying targets at unknown (sometimes long) distances, so accurate compensation for bullet drop is required. Angle can be used for either calculating target size or range if one of them are known. Where the range is known the angle will give the size, where the size is known then the range is given. When out in the field angle can be measured approximately by using calibrated optics or roughly using one's fingers and hands. With an outstretched arm one finger is approximately 30 mrad wide, a fist 150 mrad and a spread hand 300 mrad. Milliradian reticles often have dots or marks with a spacing of 1 mrad in between, but graduations can also be finer and coarser (i.e. 0.8 or 1.2 mrad). While a radian is defined as an angle on the unit circle where the arc and radius have equal length, a milliradian is defined as the angle where the arc length is one thousandth of the radius. Therefore, when using milliradians for range estimation, the unit used for target distance needs to be thousand times as large as the unit used for target size. Metric units are particularly useful in conjunction with a mrad reticle because the mental arithmetic is much simpler with decimal units, thereby requiring less mental calculation in the field. Using the range estimation formula with the units meters for range and millimeters for target size it is just a matter of moving decimals and do the division, without the need of multiplication with additional constants, thus producing fewer rounding errors. distance in meters = target in millimeters angle in mrad {\displaystyle {\text{distance in meters}}={\frac {\text{target in millimeters}}{\text{angle in mrad}}}} The same holds true for calculating target distance in kilometers using target size in meters. distance in kilometers = target in meters angle in mrad {\displaystyle {\text{distance in kilometers}}={\frac {\text{target in meters}}{\text{angle in mrad}}}} Also, in general the same unit can be used for subtension and range if multiplied with a factor of thousand, i.e. distance in meters = target in meters angle in mrad × 1 , 000 {\displaystyle {\text{distance in meters}}={\frac {\text{target in meters}}{\text{angle in mrad}}}\times 1,000} If using the imperial units yards for distance and inches for target size, one has to multiply by a factor of ​1000⁄36 ≈ 27.78, since there are 36 inches in one yard. distance in yards = target in inches angle in mrad × 27.78 {\displaystyle {\text{distance in yards}}={\frac {\text{target in inches}}{\text{angle in mrad}}}\times 27.78} If using the metric unit meters for distance and the imperial unit inches for target size, one has to multiply by a factor of 25.4, since one inch is defined as 25.4 millimeters. distance in meters = target in inches angle in mrad × 25.4 {\displaystyle {\text{distance in meters}}={\frac {\text{target in inches}}{\text{angle in mrad}}}\times 25.4} Land Rovers are about 3 to 4 m long, "smaller tank" or APC/MICV at about 6 m (e.g. T-34 or BMP) and about 10 m for a "big tank." From the front a Land Rover is about 1.5 m wide, most tanks around 3–3.5 m. So a SWB Land Rover from the side are one finger wide at about 100 m. A modern tank would have to be at a bit over 300 m. If for instance a target known to be 1.5 m in height (1500 mm) is measured to 2.8 mrad in the reticle, the range can be estimated to: distance in meters = 1500 mm 2.8 mrad = 535.7 m {\displaystyle {\text{distance in meters}}={\frac {1500{\text{ mm}}}{2.8{\text{ mrad}}}}=535.7{\text{ m}}} So if the above-mentioned 6 m long BMP (6000 mm) is viewed at 6 mrad its distance is 1000 m, and if the angle of view is twice as large (12 mrad) the distance is half as much, 500 m. When used with some riflescopes of variable objective magnification and fixed reticle magnification (where the reticle is in the second focal plane), the formula can be modified to: distance in meters = size in mm angle in mrad × mag 10 {\displaystyle {\text{distance in meters}}={\frac {\text{size in mm}}{\text{angle in mrad}}}\times {\frac {\text{mag}}{10}}} Where mag is scope magnification. However, a user should verify this with their individual scope since some are not calibrated at 10× . As above target distance and target size can be given in any two units of length with a ratio of 1000:1. It is possible to purchase rifle scopes with a mrad reticle and minute-of-arc turrets, but it is general consensus that such mixing should be avoided. It is preferred to either have both a mrad reticle and mrad adjustment (mrad/mrad), or a minute-of-arc reticle and minute-of-arc adjustment to utilize the strength of each system. Then the shooter can know exactly how many clicks to correct based on what he sees in the reticle. If using a mixed system scope that has a mrad reticle and arcminute adjustment, one way to make use of the reticle for shot corrections is to exploit that 14′ approximately equals 4 mrad, and thereby multiplying an observed corrections in mrad by a fraction of 14/4 when adjusting the turrets. In the table below conversions from mrad to metric values are exact (e.g. 0.1 mrad equals exactly 1 cm at 100 meters), while conversions of minutes of arc to both metric and imperial values are approximate. 0.1 mrad equals exactly 1 cm at 100 m 1 mrad ≈ 3.44′, so 1/10 mrad ≈ 1/3′ 1′ ≈ 0.291 mrad (or 2.91 cm at 100 m, approximately 3 cm at 100 m) Because of the definition of pi, in a circle with a diameter of one there are 2000 π milliradians (≈ 6283.185 mrad) per full turn. In other words, one real milliradian covers just under 1/6283 of the circumference of a circle, which is the definition used by telescopic rifle sight manufacturers in reticles for stadiametric rangefinding.For maps and artillery, three rounded definitions are used which are close to the real definition, but more easily can be divided into parts. The different map and artillery definitions are sometimes referred to as "angular mils", and are: 1/6400 of a circle in NATO countries. 1/6000 of a circle in the former Soviet Union and Finland (Finland phasing out the standard in favour of the NATO standard). 1/6300 of a circle in Sweden. The Swedish term for this is streck, literally "line".Reticles in some artillery sights are calibrated to the relevant artillery definition for that military, i.e. the Carl Zeiss OEM-2 artillery sight made in East Germany from 1969 to 1976 is calibrated for the eastern bloc 6000 mil circle.Various symbols have been used to represent angular mils for compass use: mil, MIL and similar abbreviations are often used by militaries in the English speaking part of the world. ‰, called "artillery per milles" (German: Artilleriepromille), a symbol used by the Swiss Army. ¯, called "artillery line" (German: artilleristische Strich), a symbol used by the German Army (not to be confused with Compass Point (German: Nautischer Strich, 32 "nautical lines" per circle) which sometimes use the same symbol. However, the DIN standard (DIN 1301 part 3) is to use ¯ for artillery lines, and " for nautical lines.) ₥, called "thousandths" (French: millièmes), a symbol used on some older French compasses. v (Finnish: piiru, Swedish: delstreck), a symbol used by the Finnish Defence Forces for the standard Warsaw Pact mil. Sometimes just marked as v if superscript is not available. Artillery uses angular measurement in gun laying, the azimuth between the gun and its target many kilometers away and the elevation angle of the barrel. This means that artillery uses mils to graduate indirect fire azimuth sights (called dial sights or panoramic telescopes), their associated instruments (directors or aiming circles), their elevation sights (clinometers or quadrants), together with their manual plotting devices, firing tables and fire control computers. Artillery spotters typically use their calibrated binoculars to move fired projectiles' impact onto a target. Here they know the approximate range to the target and so can read off the angle (+ quick calculation) to give the left/right corrections in meters. A mil is a meter at a range of one thousand meters (for example, to move the impact of an artillery round 100 meters by a gun firing from 3 km away, it is necessary to shift the direction by 100/3 = 33.3 mils.) The milliradian (and other SI multiples) is also used in other fields of science and technology for describing small angles, i.e. measuring alignment, collimation, and beam divergence in optics, and accelerometers and gyroscopes in inertial navigation systems. A fireteam or fire team is a small military sub-subunit of infantry designed to optimise "bounding overwatch" and "fire and movement" tactical doctrine in combat. Depending on mission requirements, a typical fireteam consists of four or fewer members: an automatic rifleman, a grenadier, a rifleman, and a designated team leader. The role of each fireteam leader is to ensure that the fireteam operates as a cohesive unit. Two or three fireteams are organised into a section or squad in co-ordinated operations, which is led by a squad leader. Historically, nations with effective fireteam organisation have had a significantly better performance from their infantry units in combat than those limited to operations by traditionally larger units. US Army doctrine recognizes the fire team, or crew, as the smallest military organization while NATO doctrine refers to this level of organization simply as team. Fireteams are the most basic organization upon which modern infantry units are built in the British Army, Royal Air Force Regiment, Royal Marines, United States Army, United States Marine Corps, United States Air Force Security Forces, Canadian Forces, and Australian Army. The concept of the fireteam is based on the need for tactical flexibility in infantry operations. A fireteam is capable of autonomous operations as part of a larger unit. Successful fireteam employment relies on quality small unit training for soldiers, experience of fireteam members operating together, sufficient communications infrastructure, and a quality non-commissioned officer corps to provide tactical leadership for the team. These requirements have led to successful use of the fireteam concept by more professional militaries. It is less useful for armies employing massed infantry formations, or with significant conscription. Conscription makes fireteam development difficult, as team members are more effective as they build experience over time working together and building personal bonds. In combat, while attacking or manoeuvring, a fireteam generally spreads over a distance of 50 metres (160 ft), while in defensive positions the team can cover up to the range of its weapons or the limits of visibility, whichever is less. In open terrain, up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) can be covered by an effective team, although detection range limits effectiveness beyond 100 metres (330 ft) or so without special equipment. A team is effective so long as its primary weapon remains operational. In the Canadian Army 'fireteam' refers to two soldiers paired for fire and movement. Two fireteams form an 'assault group' which is analogous to most other militaries' understanding of a fireteam; two assault groups and a vehicle group of one driver and one gunner form a section of ten soldiers. Team leader: The NCO (Sergeant if Assault Group 1, Master Corporal if Assault Group 2) carries a C7 rifle. Rifleman: One corporal or private carries a C7 rifle. Grenadier: One corporal or private carries a C7 rifle with an M203 grenade launcher. Gunner: One corporal or private carries a C9 light machine gun. The French section (groupe de combat – "combat group") is divided into two teams. The "fire team" (équipe de feu) is based around the section-level automatic rifle or light machine gun. The "shock team" (équipe de choc), made up of riflemen armed with rifle grenades or disposable rocket launchers, is the reconnaissance and maneuver unit. The teams employ bounding overwatch, with one element covering as the other moves. The team leaders have handheld radios so the elements can stay in contact with each other, as well as with the section leader's backpack radio set. The most common symbol of the modern French junior NCO (chef d'équipe) has been a radio hanging around their neck. Infantry units of the British Army, Royal Marines and RAF Regiment introduced the fireteam concept following the adoption of the SA80 rifle and light support weapon. An infantry section of eight men contains two fireteams, Charlie and Delta, each comprising an NCO (Corporal or Lance Corporal) and three privates. Team leader: The NCO carries an L85 rifle with an L123 underslung grenade launcher. Some units vary with one of the privates carrying the grenade launcher rather than the NCO. Rifleman: Two privates carry L85 rifles. Under earlier fireteam organisation there also were two riflemen, but the second of these was later substituted for a designated marksman, leaving the section with one rifleman per fireteam. From 2019, the earlier organisation was restored and the section commander was given discretion to re-role the section gunner as a third rifleman if needed. Gunner: One private per section carries an L7A2 GPMG. Earlier section organisations had one private per fireteam carrying an L86 light support weapon (intended to replace the L7A2) and then an L110 light machine gun; the L110A3 was removed from service in 2019, with the earlier L7A2 being reinstated as the section machine gun. Designated Marksman: One private per section carries an L129A1 sharpshooter rifle. Earlier fireteam organisations had one private per fireteam carrying either an L86A2 light support weapon or an L129A1 depending on availability; the L86A2 was removed from service in 2019, with the L129A1 officially becoming the standard section DMR.The fireteam is generally used as a subdivision of the section for fire and manoeuvre rather than as a separate unit in its own right, although fireteams or fireteam-sized units are often used for reconnaissance tasks, special operations, and urban patrols (usually being to referred to as a 'brick' in the latter scenario). Army The U.S. Army particularly emphasises the fireteam concept. Per U.S. Army doctrine a typical fire team consists of four soldiers. Team Leader (TL): Usually either a sergeant or corporal (although occasionally a team is led by a specialist or private first class when the platoon has a shortage of junior NCOs). Provides tactical leadership for the team at all times with a "Do As I Do" attitude; standard equipped with backpack GPS/radio set, and either an M16 rifle or M4 carbine. Rifleman (R): Is 'the baseline standard for all infantrymen'. They are equipped with the M16 rifle or M4 carbine. The rifleman is usually assigned with the grenadier to help balance the firepower capabilities of the automatic rifleman. Grenadier Rifleman (GR): Provides limited high-angle fire over 'Dead zones'. A grenadier is equipped with an M4/M16 with the M203 grenade launcher (or newer M320 grenade launcher) mounted to the weapon. Automatic Rifleman (AR): Provides overwatch and suppressive fire through force multiplication. The most casualty producing person in a fireteam, in terms of firepower and maneuverability when compared to the standard nine-man rifle squad. An automatic rifleman is equipped with a M249 light machine gun. The automatic rifleman is usually assigned with the team leader to maximize directed fields of fire and to help balance the firepower capabilities of the grenadier.In a Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT)'s infantry rifle companies, one man in each rifle squad fireteam is either the squad anti-armour specialist (RMAT) armed with the FGM-148 Javelin, or the squad designated marksman (DM) who carries the M4 carbine and M14 rifle. In both cases, these two positions replace the basic rifleman of the standard rifle squad. Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps doctrine dictates that any active fireteam will include at least one 2-man gunnery-team and summarises its fireteam organisation with the mnemonic "ready-team-fire-assist", the following being the arrangement of the fireteam when in a column: Rifleman: acts as a scout for the fireteam; "Ready." Team Leader: uses the M203 and works as the designated grenadier; "Team." Designated Automatic Rifleman: uses the M249 light machine gun or M27 IAR and serves as second in command for the fireteam; "Fire." Assistant Automatic Rifleman: standard rifleman tasked with providing spotting support, range-finding, carries extra LMG-ammunition, and offering close-protection should the fireteam fall under attack; "Assist." Navy Navy Construction Force, "Seabee" Construction Battalions, utilise fireteams (as well as companies, platoons, and squads), similar in size to those employed by the USMC, in their organisational structure. Seabee units may be attached to Marine Corps units. Many other armed forces see the squad as the smallest military unit; some countries' armies have a pair consisting of two soldiers as the smallest military unit. In others a fireteam is composed of two pairs of soldiers (fire and manoeuvre team) forming a fireteam. Chinese military forces traditionally use a three-man 'cell' (equivalent to fireteam) as the smallest military formation. Fireteams have their origins in the early 20th century. From the Napoleonic Wars until World War I, military tactics involved central control of large numbers of soldiers in mass formation where small units were given little initiative. Groups of four soldiers were mainly employed for guard duty. In the Roman Army they were referred to as quaternio (Greek τετράδιον). Skirmishers in the Napoleonic War would often work in teams of two, ranging ahead of the main group and providing covering fire for each other. During World War I, trench warfare resulted in a stalemate on the Western Front. In order to combat this stalemate, the Germans developed a doctrinal innovation known as infiltration tactics (based on the Russian tactics used in the Brusilov Offensive), in which a brief intensive artillery preparation would be followed by small, autonomous teams of stormtroopers, who would covertly penetrate defensive lines. The Germans used their stormtroopers organised into squads at the lowest levels to provide a cohesive strike force in breaking through Allied lines. The British and Canadian troops on the Western Front started dividing platoons into sections after the Battle of the Somme in 1916. (This idea was later further developed in World War II). French Chasseur units in WWI were organised into fireteams, equipped with a light machine gun (Chauchat) team and grenades, to destroy German fire positions by fire (not assault) at up to 200 meters using rifle grenades. The light machine gun team would put suppressive fire on the enemy position, while the grenadier team moved to a position where the enemy embrasure could be attacked with grenades. The Chasseur tactics were proven during the Petain Offensive of 1917. Survivors of these French Chasseur units taught these tactics to American infantry, who used them with effectiveness at St. Mihiel and the Argonne. It was typical of a fireteam in this era to consist of four infantrymen: two assaulters with carbines, one grenadier, and one sapper. In the inter-war years, United States Marine Corps Captain Evans F. Carlson went to China in 1937 and observed Communist 8th Route Army units of the National Revolutionary Army in action against the Imperial Japanese Army. Carlson and Merritt A. Edson are believed to have developed the fireteam concept during the United States occupation of Nicaragua (1912–1933). At that time the US Marine squad consisted of a Corporal and seven Marines all armed with a bolt-action M1903 Springfield rifle and an automatic rifleman armed with a Browning Automatic Rifle. The introduction of the Thompson submachine gun and Winchester Model 1912 shotgun was popular with the Marines as a point-defense weapon for countering ambush by Nicaraguan guerrillas within the thick vegetation that could provide cover for a quick overrun of a patrol. A team of four men armed with these weapons had proven more effective in terms of firepower and manoeuvrability than the standard nine-man rifle squad. Carlson later brought these ideas back to the US when the country entered World War II. Under his command, the 2nd Marine Raider battalion were issued with the semi-automatic M1 Garand rifle and were organised in the standard 4-man fireteam (although it was called firegroup) concept, 3 firegroups to a squad with a squad leader. A firegroup was composed of an M1 Garand rifleman, a BAR gunner and a submachine gunner. After sustaining severe wounds, Carlson was replaced and his battalion later disbanded and re-organised under conventional Marine doctrine of ten-man squads. Later, Carlson's fireteam concept was re-adopted. WWII US Army rifle squads consisted of twelve soldiers divided into three teams: The A "Able" (contemporary spelling alphabet) team consisted of the squad leader and two scouts, the support B "Baker" team with the BAR gunner, assistant gunner, and ammunition bearer, and C "Charlie" team (assistant squad leader, also serving as the anti-tank grenadier, and five riflemen, one of whom served as the alternate anti-tank grenadier). In an assault the A team would provide overwatch and security or assist the C team in the assault, as the squad leader directed, while the B team provided suppressive fire. Suppressive fire from the BAR would be supplemented by fire from the rifles of his team as he reloaded, and could be further supplemented by platoon medium machine guns. The US Army Rangers and Special Service Force adopted an early Fire Team concept when on campaign in Italy and France. Each Squad sub-unit of 4 to 5 men was heavily armed. Each Fire Team was composed of a 2-man BAR automatic rifleman and assistant, a scout (marksman/grenadier) armed with a M1903 Springfield with a rifle grenade discharger, and a team leader armed with an M1 carbine or M1 SMG. Their later misuse as conventional infantry negated their special training and fighting skill and their use as "fire brigades" against larger enemy forces negated their advantages in aggressiveness and firepower. Meanwhile, the Communist Chinese established the three-man fireteam concept as the three-man cell when they organized a regular army, and its organization seemed to have been disseminated throughout all of Asia's communist forces, perhaps the most famous of which are the PAVN/NVA (People's Army of Vietnam/North Vietnamese Army) and the Viet Cong. A battle pair is the smallest unit above the individual soldier, in the modern era chiefly employed by Baltic militaries and special forces like the Special Air Service. It consists of two soldiers with one soldier acting as senior of the two fighters (decided amongst the two or by their superior). A fireteam in turn consists of at least two fire and manoeuvre teams, and a squad of two or more fireteams. It may be known in the US as a Fire and Manoeuvre team. The concept is not widely utilised. The United States and most Commonwealth armies rely on the concept of fire teams forming a squad. Such a team is known as a Lahingpaar or battle pair. Until 2015 in the Finnish Defence Forces, three taistelupari (combat pairs) formed a squad along with a squad leader. A three-man fireteam is now the smallest standard unit in the Finnish infantry doctrine. The French Army has the concept of a binôme ‘pair’. In the regular forces it is the pairing of an experienced soldier with a recruit or replacement. The new man learns from the experienced man how to properly perform the everyday tasks and responsibilities of his assignment. In the old Colonial Forces (like the French Foreign Legion) it was a means of imposing order. The pair were responsible for each other – if one member broke the rules or deserted, the other would be punished for not preventing it. According to the Swedish Armed Forces field manual, a Stridspar working in unison is as effective as four soldiers of same quality acting individually. The lumen (symbol: lm) is the SI derived unit of luminous flux, a measure of the total quantity of visible light emitted by a source per unit of time. Luminous flux differs from power (radiant flux) in that radiant flux includes all electromagnetic waves emitted, while luminous flux is weighted according to a model (a "luminosity function") of the human eye's sensitivity to various wavelengths. Lumens are related to lux in that one lux is one lumen per square metre. The 26th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) redefined the photometric units in 2018. With the new definition, which took effect on 20 May 2019, the lumen [...] is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W–1 [...] Prior to 2019, the definition was based on the candela. The lumen is related to the candela as 1 lm = 1 cd ⋅ sr.A full sphere has a solid angle of 4π steradians, so a light source that uniformly radiates one candela in all directions has a total luminous flux of 1 cd × 4π sr = 4π cd⋅sr ≈ 12.57 lumens. If a light source emits one candela of luminous intensity uniformly across a solid angle of one steradian, the total luminous flux emitted into that angle is one lumen (1 cd·1 sr = 1 lm). Alternatively, an isotropic one-candela light-source emits a total luminous flux of exactly 4π lumens. If the source were partly covered by an ideal absorbing hemisphere, that system would radiate half as much luminous flux—only 2π lumens. The luminous intensity would still be one candela in those directions that are not obscured. The lumen can be thought of casually as a measure of the total amount of visible light in some defined beam or angle, or emitted from some source. The number of candelas or lumens from a source also depends on its spectrum, via the nominal response of the human eye as represented in the luminosity function. The difference between the units lumen and lux is that the lux takes into account the area over which the luminous flux is spread. A flux of 1000 lumens, concentrated into an area of one square metre, lights up that square metre with an illuminance of 1000 lux. The same 1000 lumens, spread out over ten square metres, produces a dimmer illuminance of only 100 lux. Mathematically, 1 lx = 1