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Titus Andronicus. In order to torment her enemy Titus, the Empress Tamora dresses up as the embodiment of revenge while her sons Chiron and Demetrius portray murder and rapine. Their belief is that Titus has by this time lost his mind and will be unable to recognize them. Unfortunately for them, they are wrong.
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In the simplest terms, in order to gain notoriety, an individual must exhibit notable behaviour. However the term is more commonly used in conjunction with lawless or frowned-upon behaviour and in this respect I would suggest theft, rapine, bad language or even just poor personal hygiene.
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Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes of the order Plagiostomi, found in all seas., A rapacious, artful person; a sharper., Trickery; fraud; petty rapine; as, to live upon the shark., To pick or gather indiscriminately or covertly., To play the petty thief; to practice fraud or trickery; to swindle., To live by shifts and stratagems.
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Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes of the order Plagiostomi, found in all seas., A rapacious, artful person; a sharper., Trickery; fraud; petty rapine; as, to live upon the shark., To pick or gather indiscriminately or covertly., To play the petty thief; to practice fraud or trickery; to swindle., To live by shifts and stratagems.
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Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes of the order Plagiostomi, found in all seas., A rapacious, artful person; a sharper., Trickery; fraud; petty rapine; as, to live upon the shark., To pick or gather indiscriminately or covertly., To play the petty thief; to practice fraud or trickery; to swindle., To live by shifts and stratagems.
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The longest words that can be made are careworn, ironware, and procaine.
The 6-letter words are
coiner, cooper, copier, cornea, corner, corona, cowrie
ironer, narrow,
panier, pincer, poorer, prance, prewar, prince,
racier, rancor, rapier, rapine, repair, ropier,
warier, warren, weapon
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We have no knowledge of the totals. The wars went on for 50 years - perhaps 100,000 is a best estimate. However to the battle casualties we have to add the collateral civilian casualties in a war which went on 499-449 BCE which may have amounted to several hundred thousand through rapine, killings and famine over such an extended period and extensive area of fighting.
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern -API-E. That is, six letter words with 2nd letter A and 3rd letter P and 4th letter I and 6th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are:
rapine
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 3 words with the pattern RAP--E. That is, six letter words with 1st letter R and 2nd letter A and 3rd letter P and 6th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are:
raphae
rapine
rappee
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 2 words with the pattern R-PI-E. That is, six letter words with 1st letter R and 3rd letter P and 4th letter I and 6th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are:
rapine
repine
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 2 words with the pattern -AP-NE. That is, six letter words with 2nd letter A and 3rd letter P and 5th letter N and 6th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are:
daphne
rapine
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern RAPI-E. That is, six letter words with 1st letter R and 2nd letter A and 3rd letter P and 4th letter I and 6th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are:
rapine
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 4 words with the pattern RA--NE. That is, six letter words with 1st letter R and 2nd letter A and 5th letter N and 6th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are:
ranine
rapine
ratine
ravine
1 answer
In April, 1453, the Muslims Jihad lay siege to the city of Constantinople (now called Istanbul.) The city was the capitol of the old Eastern Roman Empire and the center of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
The siege went on for 55 days before the great walls of the city were breached. Bloodshed and rapine followed and, Constantinople became a Muslim city.
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 3 words with the pattern R-P-NE. That is, six letter words with 1st letter R and 3rd letter P and 5th letter N and 6th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are:
rapine
repine
repone
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 7 words with the pattern R-PIN-. That is, six letter words with 1st letter R and 3rd letter P and 4th letter I and 5th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are:
rapine
raping
rapini
repine
repins
riping
roping
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern RAP-NE. That is, six letter words with 1st letter R and 2nd letter A and 3rd letter P and 5th letter N and 6th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are:
rapine
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 7 words with the pattern --PINE. That is, six letter words with 3rd letter P and 4th letter I and 5th letter N and 6th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are:
alpine
aspine
lupine
orpine
rapine
repine
supine
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 13 words with the pattern -AP--E. That is, six letter words with 2nd letter A and 3rd letter P and 6th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are:
capote
daphne
dapple
lappie
nappie
papule
raphae
rapine
rappee
sapele
sapote
sapple
yappie
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 2 words with the pattern R-PINE. That is, six letter words with 1st letter R and 3rd letter P and 4th letter I and 5th letter N and 6th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are:
rapine
repine
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 15 words with the pattern --PI-E. That is, six letter words with 3rd letter P and 4th letter I and 6th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are:
alpine
aspine
aspire
empire
expire
lipide
lupine
orpine
rapine
repine
sopite
supine
umpire
unpile
uppile
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 17 words with the pattern R---NE. That is, six letter words with 1st letter R and 5th letter N and 6th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are:
ranine
rapine
ratine
ravine
recane
redone
refine
reline
repine
repone
retene
retine
retune
rexine
rezone
rubine
rusine
1 answer
Homer's stories taught courage, and honor. Along with bravery.
They gave the Greeks a set of values that they could live by. These values are often called Homeric Values and were adopted by a majority of Greek city-states. Not only did the include courage, honor, and bravery. Homeric values also included action, chastity, humility, putting your community above yourself, and they encouraged Greeks to be the best Greeks that they possibly could be.
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Yes, of course it would, assuming that EVERYONE would obey the ban. However, it is an absolute certainty that "the bad guys" would not obey the ban and the "good guys" would simply be helpless sheep, fit for the killing... robbing... raping... mayhem and other forms of brutality.
What would (and has) made the streets safer for people, from gun violence, is to make our Constitutional right to own and bear arms, the law, without licensing or other infringement.
The "bad guys" would soon realize that raping, robbing and rapine would have seriously painful or deadly results. Eventually, perhaps then it would no longer be necessary to "outlaw" guns, as there wouldn't be any more outlaws.
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The earliest hostilities directed against the fledgling Church of Jesus Christ was ridicule, sarcasm, and character assassination consequent upon the news that Prophet Smith had been visited by Divine Beings and that a book was to be revealed that contained the Word of God.
It was not long before hostile words gave way to cudgels, firebrands, and other forms of physical abuse were employed by Christian enemies of the Latter-day Saints'. Although it has been many years since terrible physical assaults, including rapine and murder, have been used as the stock in trade of Mormon-haters, persecution has continued without pause even to this day.
It is to be stressed that Mormons were not instigators of conflict with their neighbours, but were often meek and helpless targets of murderous mobs that were frequently led by ministers, reverends, and important Christian leaders in vicious assaults against Christians of the Mormon persuasion.
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There is no American English word that uses all those letters.
4-letter words
cire, epic, peri, pice, pier, pipe, prep, repp, rice, ripe
5-letter words
crier, cripe, piper, price, prier, ricer, riper
6-letter words
pricer, ripper
Oh Shut up, you stupid nerds! Why dont you get a life and ask a reasonable question ;)
ermm why do you wanna know?! lol :L x
6 answers
Possibly China!!! They were invaded by the Japanese in 1937, two years before WW(II) started .
The Japanese and Koreans were exceptionally cruel to the Chinese, by way of torture, starvation, dehydration , rapine of women , imprisonment. This did not come to an end until August 1945, when the USA dropped the 'Bombs' on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
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Trojan War went back to the Judgment of Paris. Paris, the Prince of Troy, was aksed to judge among three goddesses who was the most beautiful. For choosing Aphrodite, he was given as a prize the most beautiful human woman in the world. Unfortunately, that woman happened to be married to the King of Sparta, and when she fell in love with Paris and eloped with him to Troy, it was taken as a deadly insult, requiring the combined forces of the whole of the Myvcenean Peloponese (and perhaps beyond) to attack the city-state of Troy. After astalemated ten-year siege, the Greeks devised a stratagem. They built a huge wooden horse, and at night filled it with soldiers, and then withdrew their armies. The Trojans saw that they had left, and took the horse to be a parting gift from the defeated enemy. They took the horse into the city, and at night the soldiers left the horse and opened the city gates, letting in the main army who destroyed the city with the usual rapine and pillage.
That is just a little paragraph that describes why it started. It's rather childish, for starting a War over a meer women! It's almost like us Americans, we just don't know when to stop! I hope this information helps! If not, I'm sorry!
Basically it was over a women named Helen, the women who launched 1,000 ships. Paris who was the prince of troy took Helen from the King of Sparta. The King then launched War just to get her back, which started the Trojan War.
Another View:
The Greeks went on a 10-year looting expedition in Asia Minor and the adjacent islands. They started with the richest prize - the trading city of Troy. The attack failed so they went on to the rest of the area for the next nine years and pillaged it thoroughly. They then had a final attempt on Troy in the tenth year and were successful, looting it and selling the people into slavery.
On top of this there are the legendary tales of Helen and Paris, but the reality is that it came down to the poor Greek cities enriching themselves through pillaging their envied prosperous neighbours.
1 answer
Poblacht na h Éireann.
The Provisional Government of the Irish Republic To the people of Ireland.
IRISHMEN AND IRISHWOMEN: In the name of God and of the dead generations from which she receives her old tradition of nationhood, Ireland, through us, summons her children to her flag and strikes for her freedom.
Having organised and trained her manhood through her secret revolutionary organisation, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, and through her open military organisations, the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army, having patiently perfected her discipline, having resolutely waited for the right moment to reveal itself, she now seizes that moment, and, supported by her exiled children in America and by gallant allies in Europe, but relying in the first on her own strength, she strikes in full confidence of victory.
We declare the right of the people of Ireland to the ownership of Ireland, and to the unfettered control of Irish destinies, to be sovereign and indefeasible. The long usurpation of that right by a foreign people and government has not extinguished the right, nor can it ever be extinguished except by the destruction of the Irish people. In every generation the Irish people have asserted their right to national freedom and sovereignty: six times during the past three hundred years they have asserted it in arms. Standing on that fundamental right and again asserting it in arms in the face of the world, we hereby proclaim the Irish Republic as a Sovereign Independent State, and we pledge our lives and the lives of our comrades-in-arms to the cause of its freedom, of its welfare, and its exaltation among the nations.
The Irish Republic is entitled to, and hereby claims, the allegiance of every Irishman and Irishwoman. The Republic guarantees religious and civil liberty, equal rights and equal opportunities to all its citizens, and declares its resolve to pursue the happiness and prosperity of the whole nation and of all its parts, cherishing all the children of the nation equally, and oblivious of the differences carefully fostered by an alien government, which have divided a minority from the majority in the past.
Until our arms have brought the opportune moment for the establishment of a permanent National Government, representative of the whole people of Ireland and elected by the suffrages of all her men and women, the Provisional Government, hereby constituted, will administer the civil and military affairs of the Republic in trust for the people.
We place the cause of the Irish Republic under the protection of the Most High God, Whose blessing we invoke upon our arms, and we pray that no one who serves that cause will dishonour it by cowardice, inhumanity, or rapine. In this supreme hour the Irish nation must, by its valour and discipline and by the readiness of its children to sacrifice themselves for the common good, prove itself worthy of the august destiny to which it is called.
2 answers
You will find the proclamation below:
POBLACHT NA H ÉIREANN
___________________________
THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
OF THE
IRISH REPUBLIC
TO THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND IRISHMEN AND IRISHWOMEN: In the name of God and of the dead generations from which she receives her old tradition of nationhood, Ireland, through us, summons her children to her flag and strikes for her freedom. Having organised and trained her manhood through her secret revolutionary organisation, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, and through her open military organisations, the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army, having patiently perfected her discipline, having resolutely waited for the right moment to reveal itself, she now seizes that moment, and, supported by her exiled children in America and by gallant allies in Europe, but relying in the first on her own strength, she strikes in full confidence of victory. We declare the right of the people of Ireland to the ownership of Ireland, and to the unfettered control of Irish destinies, to be sovereign and indefeasible. The long usurpation of that right by a foreign people and government has not extinguished the right, nor can it ever be extinguished except by the destruction of the Irish people. In every generation the Irish people have asserted their right to national freedom and sovereignty; six times during the last three hundred years they have asserted it to arms. Standing on that fundamental right and again asserting it in arms in the face of the world, we hereby proclaim the Irish Republic as a Sovereign Independent State, and we pledge our lives and the lives of our comrades-in-arms to the cause of its freedom, of its welfare, and of its exaltation among the nations. The Irish Republic is entitled to, and hereby claims, the allegiance of every Irishman and Irishwoman. The Republic guarantees religious and civil liberty, equal rights and equal opportunities to all its citizens, and declares its resolve to pursue the happiness and prosperity of the whole nation and all of its parts, cherishing all of the children of the nation equally and oblivious of the differences carefully fostered by an alien government, which have divided a minority from the majority in the past. Until our arms have brought the opportune moment for the establishment of a permanent National, representative of the whole people of Ireland and elected by the suffrages of all her men and women, the Provisional Government, hereby constituted, will administer the civil and military affairs of the Republic in trust for the people. We place the cause of the Irish Republic under the protection of the Most High God. Whose blessing we invoke upon our arms, and we pray that no one who serves that cause will dishonour it by cowardice, in humanity, or rapine. In this supreme hour the Irish nation must, by its valour and discipline and by the readiness of its children to sacrifice themselves for the common good, prove itself worthy of the august destiny to which it is called. Signed on Behalf of the Provisional Government. Thomas J. Clarke,
Sean Mac Diarmada, Thomas MacDonagh,
P. H. Pearse, Eamonn Ceannt,
James Connolly, Joseph Plunkett
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He read the proclamation of independence. He was one of the seven people to sign it. The seven were:
Thomas J. Clarke
Seán Mac Diarmada
Thomas MacDonagh
P. H. Pearse
Éamonn Ceannt
James Connolly
Joseph Plunkett
This is the text of it:
Poblacht na h Éireann.
The Provisional Government
of the
Irish Republic
To the people of Ireland.
IRISHMEN AND IRISHWOMEN: In the name of God and of the dead generations from which she receives her old tradition of nationhood, Ireland, through us, summons her children to her flag and strikes for her freedom.
Having organised and trained her manhood through her secret revolutionary organisation, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, and through her open military organisations, the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army, having patiently perfected her discipline, having resolutely waited for the right moment to reveal itself, she now seizes that moment, and, supported by her exiled children in America and by gallant allies in Europe, but relying in the first on her own strength, she strikes in full confidence of victory.
We declare the right of the people of Ireland to the ownership of Ireland, and to the unfettered control of Irish destinies, to be sovereign and indefeasible. The long usurpation of that right by a foreign people and government has not extinguished the right, nor can it ever be extinguished except by the destruction of the Irish people. In every generation the Irish people have asserted their right to national freedom and sovereignty: six times during the past three hundred years they have asserted it in arms. Standing on that fundamental right and again asserting it in arms in the face of the world, we hereby proclaim the Irish Republic as a Sovereign Independent State, and we pledge our lives and the lives of our comrades-in-arms to the cause of its freedom, of its welfare, and its exaltation among the nations.
The Irish Republic is entitled to, and hereby claims, the allegiance of every Irishman and Irishwoman. The Republic guarantees religious and civil liberty, equal rights and equal opportunities to all its citizens, and declares its resolve to pursue the happiness and prosperity of the whole nation and of all its parts, cherishing all the children of the nation equally, and oblivious of the differences carefully fostered by an alien government, which have divided a minority from the majority in the past.
Until our arms have brought the opportune moment for the establishment of a permanent National Government, representative of the whole people of Ireland and elected by the suffrages of all her men and women, the Provisional Government, hereby constituted, will administer the civil and military affairs of the Republic in trust for the people.
We place the cause of the Irish Republic under the protection of the Most High God, Whose blessing we invoke upon our arms, and we pray that no one who serves that cause will dishonour it by cowardice, inhumanity, or rapine. In this supreme hour the Irish nation must, by its valour and discipline and by the readiness of its children to sacrifice themselves for the common good, prove itself worthy of the august destiny to which it is called.
1 answer
The main character of the story is definitely Achilles, since the focus of the epic is on his rage.
Other main characters could be picked from the following:
- Hector, foil to Achilles, the great foe that had to be destroyed
- Agamemnon, basically Achilles's boss who insulted his honor and caused Achilles to sit out of battle and resulted in the death of Patrokolos, etc.
- Paris (Alexander), the guy who stole Helen away and started the war, though this isn't mentioned
- Helen, the abduction of her started this whole thing, not mentioned too much in Iliad though
- Andromache, Hector's wife
Some of the gods could be considered main characters. The ones who seemed to participate the most were Zeus, Hera, Athena, Aphrodite, Apollo, and Hephaestus.
8 answers
admire, ageism, aiders, aidmen, aimers, airmen, amends, amices, amides, amines, anemic, angers, animes, answer, apices, apneic, arcing, arisen, armies, arming, arpens, arsine, ascend, aspire, aweing, cadger, cadges, cadres, cagers, cagier, cairds, cairns, camise, camped, camper, caners, canids, capers, capris, capsid, caried, caries, caring, carmen, carnie, carped, casein, casern, casing, cawing, cedarn, cedars, ceding, cerias, cering, ciders, cigars, cinder, cinema, cramps, craned, cranes, craped, crapes, creams, crimes, crimps, cringe, cripes, daimen, damner, dampen, damper, dancer, dances, danger, darics, daring, dawing, deairs, decamp, degami, deigns, denims, dermas, dermic, dermis, design, desman, dewans, dewars, dewing, diaper, dicers, dimers, dinars, diners, dinges, dirges, disarm, diwans, drains, drapes, dreams, dwines, earing, earwig, easing, encamp, engird, engram, enigma, enwrap, ericas, escarp, gained, gainer, gamier, gamine, gamins, gander, gapers, garden, gasmen, gasped, gasper, gawped, gawsie, genips, german, gimped, girned, gnawed, gnawer, graced, graces, grades, gradin, grains, gramps, grands, grapes, grides, grimed, grimes, grinds, griped, gripes, iceman, imaged, imager, images, impawn, impend, inarms, incage, incase, inseam, inward, inwrap, irades, macers, macing, madres, magics, magpie, maiden, maigre, manger, manges, manics, marges, margin, marine, mawing, median, medias, medics, medina, menads, mesian, mewing, midges, minced, mincer, minces, minder, miners, mirage, mispen, nacred, nacres, nadirs, namers, nicads, pacers, pacing, padres, pagers, pained, paired, pander, panged, panics, panier, pardie, parged, parges, paries, paring, parsec, parsed, pawers, pawing, pawned, pawner, pecans, pincer, pinder, pinged, pinger, praise, prance, prangs, prawns, precis, preman, priced, prices, prides, primas, primed, primes, prince, prised, racing, racism, ragmen, rained, raised, ramies, ramped, rances, rancid, ranged, ranges, ranids, rapids, rapine, raping, rasing, rasped, rawins, reagin, recaps, redans, redcap, redias, reding, redips, regain, regina, reigns, remain, remand, remans, remaps, remind, renigs, repaid, repand, repins, resaid, resawn, resign, rewind, rewins, ridges, ringed, rinsed, ripens, ripsaw, sacred, sagier, sained, sander, sanger, sawing, scampi, scaped, scared, scrape, scream, scried, scrimp, secpar, semina, sering, sewing, signed, signer, simper, singed, singer, snared, snawed, snider, sniped, sniper, spaced, spacer, spader, spared, sparge, sparid, spicae, spiced, spicer, spider, spined, spirea, spired, spirem, sprain, sprang, spread, spring, swaged, swager, swinge, swiped, waders, wadies, wading, wagers, waired, wander, wanier, warden, waring, warmed, warned, warped, weirds, widens, wigans, winced, wincer, winces, winder, winged, winger, wipers, wisped, wrangs, wrings
1 answer
2-letter words
ae, ah, ai, an, ar, eh, en, er, ha, he, hi, in, na, ne, nu, pa, pe, pi, re, uh, un, up
3-letter words
ace, ain, air, ane, ani, ape, arc, are, can, cap, car, cee, cep, chi, cue, cup, cur, ear, eau, ecu, era, ere, ern, hae, hap, hen, hep, her, hic, hie, hin, hip, hue, hun, hup, ice, ich, ire, nae, nah, nap, nee, nip, pac, pah, pan, par, pea, pee, peh, pen, per, phi, pia, pic, pie, pin, piu, pun, pur, rah, ran, rap, rec, ree, rei, rep, ria, rin, rip, rue, run, urn
4-letter words
ache, acne, acre, airn, aper, arch, cain, cane, cape, caph, care, carn, carp, cepe, cere, chap, char, chia, chin, chip, cine, cire, crap, cure, curn, each, earn, eche, ecru, epha, epic, erne, haen, hair, hare, harp, heap, hear, heir, here, hern, hire, huic, inch, nape, narc, neap, near, neep, nice, nipa, pace, pain, pair, pane, pare, pean, pear, pech, peen, peer, pein, peri, pian, pica, pice, pier, pina, pine, pirn, prau, pree, puce, puna, pure, puri, race, rain, rani, rape, reap, rein, rhea, rice, rich, ripe, ruin, rune, unai, unci, urea, uric
5-letter words
aerie, areic, arpen, aurei, auric, cairn, caner, caper, carpi, ceria, chain, chair, chape, chare, cheap, cheep, cheer, china, chine, chirp, churn, crane, crape, creep, crepe, cripe, curia, curie, enure, erica, hance, hence, incur, inure, nacre, naric, nicer, niche, niece, nucha, pacer, panic, parch, pareu, peace, peach, pecan, pence, perch, perea, piece, pinch, prahu, preen, price, prune, punch, puree, purin, rance, ranch, ranee, raphe, reach, recap, repin, ripen, ruche, runic, rupee, uncap, uncia, unhip, unrip, uraei, ureic, urine
6-letter words
achene, achier, anuric, apercu, apiece, apneic, cahier, careen, carnie, ceriph, chaine, cipher, curiae, enrich, eparch, euchre, eupnea, harpin, herein, hernia, inarch, inhere, nuchae, painch, panier, paunch, peahen, pechan, pereia, piecer, pierce, pincer, prance, preach, prince, punier, purine, rapine, recane, recipe, repine, richen, rupiah, unciae, unhair, unripe, uranic, urchin
7-letter words
archine, caprine, cheapen, cheaper, cheapie, epicure, eucaine, eupneic, heparin, herniae, nephric, peacher, penuche, penuchi, perinea, phrenic, pincher, puncher, puranic, upreach
8-letter words
encipher, euphenic, peachier, punchier
9-letter words
epicurean, paunchier
338 words found.
2 answers
Here are all the words I can think of...
- sing
- pin
- pins
- nip
- nips
- sore
- gap
- gaps
- rap
- raps
- sap
- sip
- nag
- nags
- ring
- rings
- ping
- pings
- sir
- sip
- oar
- oars
- rip
- rips
- pig
- pigs
- air
- airs
- ear
- ears
- pier
- piers
- pie
- pies
- snore
- nor
Hope this helps!
4 answers
4-letter words
acne, acre, aeon, aero, airn, airt, ante, anti, aper, arco, atop, cain, cane, cant, cape, capo, care, carn, carp, cart, cate, cent, cero, ciao, cine, cion, cire, cite, coat, coin, coir, cone, coni, cope, core, corn, cote, crap, crop, earn, epic, etic, etna, icon, inia, inro, inti, into, iota, iron, naoi, nape, narc, neap, near, neat, nett, nice, nipa, nope, nota, note, once, open, orca, otic, pace, pact, pain, pair, pane, pant, pare, part, pate, pean, pear, peat, pein, pent, peon, pepo, peri, pert, pian, pica, pice, pier, pina, pine, pint, pion, pipe, pirn, pita, poet, pone, pope, pore, porn, port, prao, prat, prep, proa, prop, race, rain, rani, rant, rape, rapt, rate, rato, reap, rein, rent, repo, repp, rice, riot, ripe, rite, roan, rope, rota, rote, tace, taco, tact, tain, tape, tare, tarn, taro, tarp, tart, tate, tear, teat, tent, tepa, tern, tier, tine, tint, tipi, tire, tiro, titi, toea, toit, tone, tope, topi, tora, torc, tore, tori, torn, tort, tote, trap, tret, trio, trip, trop, trot
5-letter words
acini, acorn, actin, actor, antic, antre, aport, apron, apter, areic, arpen, atone, atrip, attic, cairn, caner, canoe, canto, caper, capon, caret, carpi, carte, cater, cento, ceria, citer, coapt, coati, conte, copen, coper, copra, coria, cotan, cotta, crane, crape, crate, crept, cripe, crone, enact, entia, epact, erica, icier, inapt, inept, inert, inter, intro, ionic, irate, irone, nacre, nappe, narco, naric, netop, nicer, niter, nitre, nitro, noria, noter, oaten, oater, ocean, ocrea, octan, octet, ontic, opera, opine, optic, orate, orcin, orpin, ottar, otter, pacer, paeon, paint, panic, panto, paper, paten, pater, patin, patio, peart, pecan, petit, petti, petto, piano, picot, pieta, pinot, pinta, pinto, piper, pipet, pipit, piton, point, ponce, prate, price, print, prone, racon, rance, ratio, react, recap, recon, recta, recti, recto, repin, repot, retia, riant, ricin, ripen, rotte, tacet, tacit, taint, tanto, taper, tapir, taroc, tarot, tater, tecta, tenia, tenor, terai, tetra, tinct, tinea, titan, titer, titre, toner, tonic, toper, topic, toric, torii, torte, toter, trace, tract, train, trait, trapt, treat, triac, trice, trine, tripe, trite, trona, trone, trope
6-letter words
acetin, action, aeonic, aortic, apneic, aroint, arpent, atoner, atonic, atopic, attire, attorn, canter, cantor, capote, capper, captor, carnet, carnie, carpet, carton, cartop, cation, catnip, cattie, centra, citrin, citron, coater, coiner, contra, copier, copper, coppra, copter, cornea, cornet, cortin, cottae, cottar, cotter, craton, crepon, cretin, enatic, enrapt, entrap, erotic, iatric, incept, incite, intact, intort, irenic, iritic, ironic, napper, nappie, natter, nectar, nipper, nitric, noetic, norite, notate, notice, octane, octant, opiate, orcein, orient, ornate, orpine, otitic, panier, pantie, parent, parton, patent, patine, patron, patten, patter, pattie, pectin, peptic, petnap, pianic, picaro, pincer, pineta, pinier, pinite, pionic, pipier, pirate, pitier, poetic, pointe, potent, potpie, potter, prance, preact, priapi, prince, protea, protei, pterin, ptotic, rapine, rappen, ratine, ration, ratite, ratten, ratton, recant, recoin, retain, retina, retint, rotate, rotten, tanrec, tapper, tappet, tarpon, teapot, teopan, tiepin, tinier, tinter, tipcat, tipper, tippet, tiptoe, tiptop, titian, toecap, tonier, topper, torten, trance, trepan, tricot, triton, tropic, tropin
7-letter words
aconite, antipot, apnoeic, appoint, apricot, atropin, cantrip, caprine, caption, carotin, cattier, ceratin, certain, citator, citrate, citrine, cittern, cointer, cottier, crappie, creatin, crinite, croppie, ectopia, enactor, entopic, epicarp, epinaoi, erotica, incipit, inciter, inertia, intreat, introit, iterant, nappier, nattier, nepotic, neritic, nictate, nippier, nitrate, nitrite, nittier, noritic, oneiric, operant, paction, painter, paretic, parotic, partite, patient, patriot, pattern, periapt, pertain, picrate, picrite, piratic, pointer, porcine, porcini, portent, pottier, priapic, pronate, propane, propine, protean, protect, protein, rappini, repaint, reptant, ricotta, ripieni, ripieno, taction, tantric, tertian, tetanic, tipcart, tippier, titanic, tonetic, trippet, tritone, tropine
8-letter words
anoretic, antipope, antiriot, apocrine, atropine, caponier, citation, contrite, coparent, creation, entropic, inceptor, initiate, interact, operatic, optician, paintier, panoptic, patentor, pecorini, peptonic, periotic, petition, pittance, pointier, portance, principe, principi, procaine, protatic, reaction, taconite, traction, triptane
9-letter words
carnotite, crepitant, initiator, intricate, iteration, pantropic, partition, patriotic, principia, reappoint, tricotine
10-letter words
antierotic, antipoetic, precipitin, propitiate, recitation
11-letter words
crepitation, precipitant
1 answer
Machiavelli's definition is different from a definition of virtue which ascribes a nobleness to its possession. Instead, he defined virtue merely as a quality to make the person who possesses it admired by others. So he believed virtue was only good if others praise it.
3 answers
Here are some possible words:
rabbet
rabbis
rabbit
rabble
rabies
raceme
racers
racial
racier
racily
racing
racism
racist
racked
racker
racket
raccoon
radars
raddle
radial
radian
radios
radish
radium
radius
radome
radons
raffia
raffle
rafted
rafter
ragbag
ragged
raggle
raging
raglan
ragman
ragmen
ragout
ragtag
raided
raider
railed
railer
rained
raised
raiser
raises
raisin
raison
rajahs
rakers
raking
rakish
rallye
ramble
ramies
ramify
ramjet
rammed
rammer
ramped
ramrod
rancho
rancid
rancor
random
ranees
ranged
ranger
ranges
ranked
ranker
rankle
rankly
ransom
ranted
ranter
rapers
rapids
rapier
rapine
raping
rapist
rapped
rappel
rapper
rapter
raptly
raptor
rarefy
rarely
rarest
rarify
raring
rarity
rascal
rasers
rasher
rashes
rashly
rasing
rasped
rasper
rassle
raster
raters
rather
ratify
rating
ration
ratios
rattan
ratted
ratter
rattle
rattly
rattus
ravage
ravels
ravens
ravers
ravine
raving
ravish
rawest
rawish
raying
rayons
razers
razing
razors
razzed
razzes
reacts
readds
reader
Reagan
realer
really
realms
realty
reamed
reamer
reaped
reaper
reared
rearer
rearms
reason
reaved
reaver
reaves
reavow
rebait
rebate
rebbes
rebeck
rebecs
rebels
rebids
rebill
rebind
reboil
reboot
rebops
reborn
rebuff
rebuke
rebury
rebuts
recall
recane
recant
recaps
recast
recede
recent
recept
recess
recipe
recite
recked
reckon
reclad
recoil
recoin
recomb
recons
recook
recopy
record
recoup
rectal
rector
rectos
rectum
recurs
recuse
redact
redbud
redbug
redcap
redded
redden
redder
reddle
redeem
redeye
redfin
reding
redoes
redone
redout
redraw
redrew
reduce
redyed
redyes
reecho
reeded
reedit
reefed
reefer
reeked
reeker
reeled
reeler
reeved
reeves
refers
reffed
refile
refill
refilm
refine
refire
refits
reflex
reflow
reflux
refold
reform
refuel
refuge
refund
refuse
refute
regain
regale
regard
regear
regent
reggae
regild
regilt
regime
Regina
region
reglue
regnal
regnum
regret
regrew
regrow
rehang
rehash
rehear
reheat
reheel
rehems
rehire
rehung
reigns
reined
reject
rejoin
rekeys
relate
relays
relent
relets
relics
relict
relied
relief
relies
reline
relish
relist
relive
reload
reloan
remade
remail
remain
remake
remand
remark
remedy
remelt
remend
remind
remiss
remits
remold
remora
remote
remove
rename
rended
render
renege
renews
renigs
rennet
rennin
renoir
renown
rental
rented
renter
reopen
repack
repaid
repair
repass
repast
repave
repays
repeal
repeat
repels
repent
repine
repins
replan
replay
report
repose
repped
repute
reread
reroll
reruns
resale
rescue
reseal
reseat
reseed
resell
resent
resets
reship
reside
resign
resins
resist
resold
resole
resort
resown
resows
rested
rester
result
resume
retail
retain
retake
retard
retell
retest
retied
reties
retina
retire
retold
retook
retool
retort
return
retype
reused
reuses
revamp
reveal
revels
reverb
revere
revers
revert
revery
review
revile
revise
revive
revoir
revoke
revolt
revues
revved
reward
rewarm
rewash
reweds
reweld
rewind
rewire
reword
rework
rewove
rewrap
rezone
rhebok
rhesus
rheums
rheumy
rhinos
Rhodes
rhombi
rhombs
rhumba
rhumbs
rhymed
rhymer
rhymes
rhythm
rialto
ribald
riband
ribbed
ribber
ribbon
riblet
ribose
ricers
richer
riches
richly
ricing
ricked
rickey
ricrac
rictus
ridded
ridden
ridder
riddle
riders
ridged
ridges
riding
ridley
rifely
rifest
riffed
riffle
rifled
rifler
rifles
rifted
rigged
rigger
righto
rights
righty
rigors
rigour
riling
rilled
rimers
rimier
riming
rimmed
rimmer
rinded
ringed
ringer
rinsed
rinser
rinses
rioted
rioter
ripely
ripens
ripest
riping
ripoff
ripost
ripped
ripper
ripple
ripply
riprap
ripsaw
risers
rishis
rising
risked
risker
risque
ritard
ritual
ritzes
rivals
rivers
rivets
riving
riyals
roader
roamed
roamer
roared
roarer
roasts
robbed
robber
Robert
robing
robins
robles
robots
robust
rocked
rocker
rocket
rococo
rodded
rodder
rodent
rodeos
rodman
rodmen
rogers
rogued
rogues
roiled
rolled
roller
romano
Romans
romany
romped
romper
Ronald
rondos
roofed
roofer
rooked
rookie
roomed
roomer
roosts
rooted
rooter
ropers
ropery
ropier
ropily
roping
rosary
roscoe
rosery
rosets
rosier
rosily
rosing
rosins
rosiny
roster
rostra
rotary
rotate
rotgut
rotors
rotted
rotten
rotter
rotund
rouble
rouens
rouged
rouges
roughs
rounds
roused
rouser
rouses
rousts
routed
router
routes
rovers
roving
rowans
rowels
rowers
rowing
royals
rubato
rubbed
rubber
rubble
rubbly
rubens
rubied
rubier
rubies
rubles
rubric
rucked
ruckus
rudder
ruddle
rudely
rudest
rueful
ruffed
ruffes
ruffle
ruffly
rufous
rugged
rugger
ruined
ruiner
rulers
ruling
rumbas
rumble
rumbly
rummer
rumors
rumour
rumple
rumply
rumpus
runlet
runnel
runner
runoff
runout
runway
rupees
rupiah
rushed
rushee
rusher
rushes
russet
russia
rusted
rustic
rustle
rutted
5 answers
4-letter words
abri, ager, ages, agin, ains, airn, airs, akin, anes, anis, aper, apes, apse, arbs, ares, arks, bags, bake, bane, bang, bani, bank, bans, bare, bark, barn, bars, base, bask, beak, bean, bear, begs, bens, berg, bias, bier, bike, bine, bins, birk, birr, bise, bisk, brae, brag, bran, bras, bren, brie, brig, brin, bris, earn, ears, egis, engs, eras, ergs, erns, errs, gabs, gaen, gaes, gain, gane, gape, gaps, garb, gars, gasp, gear, gens, gibe, gibs, gien, gies, gink, gins, gips, girn, gnar, grab, gran, grin, grip, inks, ires, irks, isba, kabs, kaes, kain, kane, karn, kbar, keas, kegs, keir, kens, kepi, keps, kerb, kern, kibe, kier, kina, kine, king, kins, kips, kirn, kirs, knap, knar, kris, nabe, nabs, nags, nape, naps, nark, neap, near, nebs, nibs, nipa, nips, page, paik, pain, pair, pane, pang, pans, pare, park, parr, pars, pase, peag, peak, pean, pear, peas, pegs, pein, pens, peri, perk, pian, pias, pier, pies, pigs, pika, pike, pina, pine, ping, pink, pins, pirn, prig, rage, ragi, rags, rain, rake, raki, rang, rani, rank, rape, raps, rare, rase, rasp, reap, rear, rebs, regs, rein, reis, reps, rias, ribs, rigs, ring, rink, rins, ripe, rips, rise, risk, sabe, sage, sain, sake, saki, sane, sang, sank, sari, sark, sear, sera, sign, sike, sine, sing, sink, sipe, sire, skag, skeg, skep, skin, skip, snag, snap, snib, snip, spae, span, spar, spin
5-letter words
abris, aegis, agers, airer, airns, anger, anise, apers, aping, apres, arise, arpen, arris, asker, aspen, asper, bairn, baker, bakes, banes, bangs, banks, barer, bares, barge, barks, barns, barre, baser, basin, beaks, beans, bears, began, begin, being, bergs, biers, biker, bikes, bines, binge, birks, birrs, birse, braes, brags, brain, brake, brank, brans, break, brens, briar, brier, bries, brigs, brine, bring, brink, brins, brisk, earns, eking, eskar, gains, gaper, gapes, garbs, garni, gears, genip, giber, gibes, ginks, girns, gnarr, gnars, grabs, grain, grans, grape, grasp, grins, gripe, grips, inker, kains, kanes, karns, kbars, kebar, keirs, kepis, kerbs, kerns, kiang, kibes, kiers, kinas, kines, kings, kirns, knaps, knars, nabes, nabis, napes, nares, naris, narks, neaps, nears, nipas, pager, pages, paiks, pains, pairs, paise, panes, pangs, parer, pares, parge, paris, parks, parrs, parse, peags, peaks, peans, pears, peins, pekan, pekin, penis, peris, perks, pians, piers, pikas, piker, pikes, pinas, pines, pings, pinks, pirns, prang, prank, prase, presa, prier, pries, prigs, prink, prise, rages, ragis, rains, raise, raker, rakes, rakis, range, ranis, ranks, raper, rapes, rares, raser, reaps, rears, regna, reign, reink, reins, renig, repin, reran, resin, ribes, rings, rinks, rinse, ripen, riper, ripes, risen, riser, saber, sabin, sabir, sabre, sager, saker, saner, sarge, sarin, segni, sengi, sepia, serai, serin, siker, singe, siren, sirra, skean, skein, skier, skirr, snake, snare, snark, sneak, sneap, snipe, spake, spang, spank, spare, spark, speak, spean, spear, speir, spier, spike, spine, spire, sprag, sprig
6-letter words
airers, angers, arisen, arpens, arsine, asking, aspire, bairns, bakers, baking, banger, banker, barges, baring, barker, barren, barres, basing, begins, beings, bikers, binges, brains, braise, brakes, branks, breaks, briars, briers, briner, brines, brings, brinks, earing, easing, erring, gabies, gainer, gapers, garner, gaskin, gasper, genips, gibers, gnarrs, graben, grains, grapes, griper, gripes, inkers, kaiser, kebars, kerria, kiangs, kinase, pagers, panier, parers, parges, paries, paring, parker, parser, pekans, pekins, pikers, pinger, pinker, praise, prangs, pranks, priers, prinks, rabies, raiser, rakers, raking, ranger, ranges, ranker, rapers, rapier, rapine, raping, raring, rasing, rasper, reagin, regain, regina, reigns, reinks, renigs, repair, repark, repins, resign, ringer, rinser, ripens, risker, sabine, sagier, sanger, sering, sierra, signer, singer, sinker, snarer, sniper, sparer, sparge, spiker, spirea, sprain, sprang, sprier, spring
7-letter words
angrier, aspirer, bakings, bangers, bankers, barkers, barkier, barking, barnier, barrens, barring, basking, bearing, brakier, braking, brasier, briners, bringer, brisker, earings, earring, erasing, gainers, garners, garpike, grabens, grainer, grapier, grasper, gripers, kerbing, kerrias, paniers, parings, parkers, parking, parries, parring, parsing, peaking, perking, pingers, pinkers, praiser, prinker, rangers, rangier, rankers, ranpike, rapiers, rapines, raspier, rasping, reagins, reaping, rearing, regains, reginas, repairs, reparks, ringers, sabeing, sabring, sarkier, searing, seringa, sierran, sinkage, snakier, spaeing, spanker, sparger, sparing, sparker, spinage, springe
8-letter words
bearings, bearskin, beraking, breaking, bringers, earrings, garpikes, grainers, parkings, prinkers, ranpikes, resprang, respring, ringbark, sabering, sparerib, sparkier, sparking, sparring, speaking, spearing, springer
9-letter words
breakings, prebaking, reparking, ringbarks
1 answer
In 1863, two guns that changed the course of firearms history were first delivered to the U.S. government. These are the Henry and Spencer repeaters. These arms were among the first to use rimfire cartridges. The Henry was not actually designed as a military weapon. Some were purchased by the Army due to the emergency of the war. The Spencer, however, was specifically intended for military service. Almost 100,000 rifles and carbines were delivered on federal contracts before the end of the Civil War, not to mention state purchases. The Spencer Repeating Rifle Company went on to produce improved models after 1865. Unfortunately, they never got the really big government or foreign contracts needed to stay in business after the war. The company closed and was sold to the Fogerty Rifle Company in 1869, who in turn were bought by Winchester.
It is no coincidence that Spencer carbines and rifles are quite similar to the corresponding Sharps models. Christopher Spencer was very familiar with the durability problems patent arms had experienced in service trials. He incorporated the best features of the most successful breechloader in his design. In fact, Spencer purchased complete barrels from the Sharps company for his first Navy rifles. Internal lock components are identical to the corresponding Sharps parts, except the sear, which must be ground a little to clear the Spencer magazine tube. Since the lock was one of the most vulnerable parts of a weapon, this interchangeability became a strong selling point. Spencers could be repaired with Sharps parts already on hand.
The military Spencers of 1863 were all chambered for the 56-56 cartridge, which was developed by Crittenden and Tibbles about 1861. This firm supplied Smith and Wesson with the first cartridges made under the latter's rimfire patents of 1854. In an attempt to make militarily useful ammunition, the 56-56 features the largest case that was practical to form at the time. When fired in a rifle, this round would approach the performance of the 58 caliber musket then in use.
During the War Between the States, the relatively low power of the 56-56 was not a great handicap. Most battles were fought at much less than 400 yards. Here, the cartridge was more than adequate. It also had the distinct advantage of light recoil. This was especially true for the rifle, which weighs almost ten pounds. In May of 1863, Spencer rifles became the first of the repeaters to be issued. They had an immediate and profound effect on tactics. Shortly after receiving the new rifles, Wilder's Lightning Brigade defeated a Confederate force several times their own number at Hoover's Gap, Tennessee. In July, Irvin Gregg's cavalry division, including George Custer's brigade, stopped Jeb Stuart's southern troopers at Gettysburg. The Confederate cavalry was attempting to flank the Army of the Potomac in support of Pickett's ill fated charge. The Southerners had fought these same Federal troopers to a standstill at Brandy Station, only three weeks before. The Confederate horsemen then managed to hold the Yankee cavalry in check a week later at the battles of Aldie, Middleburg and Upperville. Non of the handful of units in the Army of the Potomac equipped with Spencer rifles took a major part in these battles.
The 5th and 6th Michigan cavalry had been rearmed in May of 1863 with Spencer's repeaters. Before July, their main posting had been picket duty in the Washington D.C. area. At Gettysburg, they held the center of the Federal line that stopped the southern cavalry. Not only was the Federal mounted service coming of age, so were their weapons. A good case can be made that, had Stuart's flanking movement been successful, reinforcements would not have been so readily available to the besieged Federal line. Then, Pickett's charge may well have carried the day.
The M-1865 is the Spencer of the Indian Wars era. The only major changes are a reduction in caliber to .50" and 20 inch barrels for the carbines, down from the M-1863's 22 inches. Rifles remained at 30 inches. This, and all later military Spencers, are chambered for the 56-50 cartridge. The round was actually developed by the US Ordinance Department during the Civil War. Its introduction in March of 1865 was just barely too late for service in that conflict.
The limiting factor in the Spencer design is overall cartridge length. Cases longer than about 1.75 inches will not feed through the action. By using a lighter bullet and slightly larger powder charge, the 56-50 improved on the ballistic performance of the 56-56 about as much as was possible.
The 50 caliber Spencer went on to develop an enviable reputation on the frontier. This in spite of the fact that the round was under powered for the wide open west, even when it was first introduced. Spencers were the standard issue weapon of mounted troops for a decade after 1865, with few exceptions. Their firepower saved the day in many actions. When it came to a close fight, such as Beecher's Island in eastern Colorado, the repeaters were hard to beat. In a cost cutting move, they were finally superseded by the single shot Model 1873 Springfield carbine. The changeover started late in 1874, five years after the Spencer company went out of business. Some units were equipped with Spencers well into 1876. They continued to be issued to teamsters and settlers well after their departure from front line service. Westerners prized them as a handy saddle gun. Many were in use as late as the turn of the century. Their cartridges were loaded commercially at least through 1919.
Models and TypesThe greatest difference between the various Spencer models is the cartridge extraction system. Model 1863 and 1865 Spencers use a long blade on the left of the breech block carrier. In the M-1865, this blade is held forward with a helper spring to make single loading easier. M-1867 guns use the Lane patent extractor, a spring loaded tooth mounted on the centerline of the breech block carrier. The models of 1868 use a short blade relocated to the left of the breech block carrier.
With the addition of Breechloader II to NSSA events, we can now enjoy the singular pleasure of competing with history's first general issue military repeater. All that is needed is a center fire breechblock and a flat faced magazine follower from S&S, about sixty 50-70 cases and a reasonably well supplied loading bench. There are several models to choose from, both rifles and carbines. In addition, excellent reproductions of the M-1865 have recently become available through Lodgewood.
Reloading TipsThere are some peculiarities that may be encountered when preparing a Spencer for use today. First, most Spencers have been dry fired, some a lot. Dry firing will pound the firing pin, which is case hardened, into the rim area of the chamber, which is not. The result is a dent of variable severity in the barrel breech. Often this dent will be bad enough to prevent cartridge chambering. If an otherwise correct cartridge will not seat completely, it may be necessary to find and carefully remove the dent.
Spencer cases are not currently available, so other types must be converted. The easiest cases to modify are 50-70's, but most rims are a little too large in diameter for Spencer chambers, the original 50-70 specification is .670". Turn them down to .650" and they will fit fine. Some of the newer 50-70 case rims are being made slightly undersize, due to the popularity of centerfire Spencer conversions.
Two other cases can be formed into Spencer rounds with a suitable neck expander. 348 Winchesters are the most readily available but, due to their smaller rim, these will only extract with the M-1867 Lane extractor. French Lebel cases often work well. However, their rims are also occasionally a little too small to extract reliably with the blade type extractor. In addition, they can be rather difficult to find in boxer primed versions.
A problem that occasionally appears is inability to close the breech on an apparently correct case. This is caused by the chamber's rim cut being less than .065" deep. The result can be negative headspace when using 50-70 based cases, which will prevent closing of the action. If this problem is encountered, the front face of the rim must be thinned. If the back face is thinned instead, which is much easier, primers may protrude when fully seated. It is very important to seat primers fully flush with the case. If a primer is not quite seated, the chance of a magazine explosion is great.
Case length for 56-56 rounds will vary with the type of bullet chosen. Original style bullets can require cases as short as .90". Some Rapine bullets will function quite well with cases up to 1.1". Case length for 56-50 rounds should be between 1.15" and 1.18". Often the action will function with shorter cases, however, exceeding the maximum length almost always results in jams.
Some case modification directions do not mention neck reaming as the final step. It can be skipped, but the necks will be so stiff that gas leakage back through the action is almost guaranteed. Best results are usually obtained by trimming to length then resizing before reaming to get a reasonable neck thickness. A 33/64" (.5156") reamer is commonly available and works quite well for this application. Do not neglect to anneal before the first loading, or there is a good chance of cases splits.
As for reloading dies, if you already have a set of RCBS 50-70 dies, you are in luck. The sizer and shell holder will work perfectly. All that is needed to load Spencer ammo is an appropriate neck expander plug and seat/crimp die. RCBS and Rapine will sell these separately. Otherwise, full 56-56 or 56-50 Spencer sets can be ordered through RCBS, Springfield Minute Man and Rapine. Be prepared, they are semi-custom and thus not exactly cheap.
When it comes to selecting a bullet mold, Spencer shooters have a wide range of choices. But, it will be necessary to know the groove diameter of your gun. Due to the very deep rifling popular in the 1860's, groove diameter of model 1863 Spencers can be as large as .540" although .535" is more common. To insure that the soft lead bullets would fill any bore in which they might possibly be fired, even if damaged in transport, the average bullet diameter of original rounds is about .55". The post war models usually slug out at .515", although .518" is not especially rare. The Springfield rebuilt M-1863's tend to have the tightest bores. As with any antique gun, it is a very good idea to slug your bore and order a mold a couple of thousandths oversize.
Remember that the Spencer design uses a tubular magazine. Whatever mold is chosen, be sure it is a flat nose design. The original bullets are fairly sharp and would not be safe with modern centerfire ammunition. In fact, they were not entirely safe with rimfire ammunition. Magazine explosions, while rare, were not unknown.
Rapine produces a good selection of Spencer bullet molds. Their catalog lists a 370 grain slug for 56-56 chamberings and a 375 grain weight for 56-50's. In addition, they list several 50 caliber molds that would be suitable, if another weight is desired. An excellent all around bullet for most any 50 caliber antique weapon with limited case capacity can be made by cutting down a Lyman 515141 mold to cast a bullet with just two grease grooves. The cut down modification will weigh about 375 grains when cast in wheel weight. This design's flat nose is large enough to be safe in tubular magazines.
As to casting alloys, all of the Civil War breech loaders of my experience have preferred alloyed lead. Wheel weight or a 50/50 mixture of wheel weight and pure lead is almost guaranteed to shoot better than plain lead.
Spencers generally shoot best with FF, or the new(ish) GOEX CTG black powder. They also generally group tighter when using magnum primers. Forty to forty-five grains is a good starting load. FFF will usually produce higher velocities, but groups will be about 25% larger. Often a light load is desirable for short range target shooting. Thirty to thirty-five grains works well. In order to maintain optimum compression of the charge, a card or wool felt wad should be placed over the powder with reduced loads. The white "Wonder Wads" in 50 caliber size work very well for both 50 and 52 caliber Spencers. Wads are also available treated with a lubricating grease. The yellow color is distinctive. They don't generally work as well. The grease seems to find its way into the powder charge, especially in hot weather.
In chronographing many different Spencer loads, standard deviations have always been surprisingly low. Values for the loads presented in the table shown ranged from only 3.1 to 8.6 FPS for the carbine and 10.3 to 15.1 FPS for the rifle. The higher values of the long gun are probably due to the fact that its bore, while very good, isn't perfect. The carbine used does have a shiny mint barrel. Unfortunately, I didn't have an M-1860 Spencer to chronograph. They generally produce velocities similar to the 56-50 loads presented.
One problem peculiar to the 56-56 is jams due to the bullet being turned out of its case while passing through the action. This failure can be eliminated by using a fairly hard bullet alloy and a solid crimp. Obviously, the correct reloading dies are required to make reliable ammunition, if the magazine is to be used. In order to get a feel for the Spencer before diving in with your bank account, 50-70 dies can usually be adjusted to load rounds that will shoot well. It is impossible to crimp using these dies. A sort of crimp can be applied by removing the decapping pin from a 50-70 sizer. Then gently run the finished rounds through until just the neck is swaged.
On the Firing LineThere are some wide spread prejudices against Spencers that have made their appearance on the line an all too rare occasion. The first is the inescapable fact that they won't shoot quite as fast as a Henry. In the time it takes a typical Henry shooter to get off 8 or 9 rounds, a Spencer will send 6 or 7 down range. This is a disadvantage, but not as much as shooting a muzzle loader in carbine matches. With practice, one can get very close to Henry speed, unless you are a lefty. The problem is mostly caused by the fact that the hammer must be cocked between shots.
Another complaint is the seven round magazine. This can be a serious disadvantage on the pigeon board, since there are eight targets. By starting with a cartridge in the chamber, eight shots are available before reloading. That means 100% hits are required in this event, while the Henry shooters can miss as many as four birds. A helpful trick is to hold a couple of spare rounds between the knuckles of your off hand. Then, when the magazine is empty and only one or two targets are left, the gun can be single loaded very quickly. This option is not nearly as convenient for the unlucky Henry shooter. If reloading becomes necessary, the Spencer's magazine can be refilled far more rapidly than a Henry. If everyone is missing and both the Henry and Spencer must be reloaded, the Spencer armed skirmisher can overtake a Henry shooter. For hanging targets, eight rounds are usually more than sufficient. A positive advantage of the Spencer design is that the magazine is safer to reload, since the muzzle is always pointed down range. If Spencer shooters were allowed to use a Blakslee quickloader on just the pigeon board, the Spencer's biggest single handicap would be eliminated. ( I can't resist slipping in an unabashed suggestion to the rules committee.)
A common misconception is that Spencers are more difficult to operate and prone to jamming. With the wrong ammunition, or a weak magazine spring, this is true. However, a properly prepared Spencer is as smooth and reliable as any Henry on the line.
The best advantage of a Spencer is the outstanding accuracy of these arms. The author's M-1868 carbine has produced 1 ¼ " groups at 100 yards. One particular M-1865 rifle shot a 2 ¼ " group the first time it was fired this century, and using the magazine.
Like almost all Civil War carbines, Spencer's short guns shoot really high, 12" to 18" at 50 yards with original sights. Rifles are much better. They generally print about 8" high at 50 and 4" at 100 yards.
Once the shooting is over, Spencers are probably the easiest Civil War weapons there are to clean. Just open the action, turn the gun upside down and wash and oil the bore. If the mechanism needs attention, which isn't too often, remove the lever pivot screw and the whole assembly will fall out in your hand.
So, if you enjoy shooting something different, like me, bring a Spencer to the line. They have a certain unrefined mechanical charm that few repeaters can match. It won't take long to understand why they became so popular so quickly during the war.
Load and Muzzel Velocity TableLoad M-1865 Rifle, 30" bbl. N.M. Carbine, 20" bbl. 35 gr. GOEX FF 931 FPS 873 FPS 40 gr. GOEX FF 1016 FPS 965 FPS 35 gr. GOEX CTG 939 FPS* 883 FPS* 40 gr. GOEX CTG 1033 FPS 996 FPS * This load gave the lowest standard deviation in both the rifle and carbine.All loads used the following components.- Cut down Dixie 50-70 cases.
- Shortened Lyman 515141 bullet cast in 50/50 soft lead/wheelweight, 375 gr.
- Bullet lube 50/50 Bore Butter/Bee's Wax.
- Winchester Large Rifle Magnum Primers.
- 35 gr. loads used Ox Yoke 50 cal. "Wonder Wads" over powder.
To add even more confusion, Springfield was also developing a 50 cal. round for the reduced bore M-1865 Spencer and, supposedly, all future carbines. This one was a great improvement over the commercial ammunition then being produced. It featured a cartridge case that covers and protects the bullet's grease grooves. In a foreshadowing of future designations based on barrel caliber, this became the 56-50. It was also known as the 50 U.S. Carbine and, in spite of its government roots, the 50 Spencer.
There was considerable debate during development of the 56-52 and 56-50 between Christopher Spencer and Steven V. Benet of Frankford (incidentally, father of the poet of the same name). Benet held that the bullet was better protected by a longer cartridge case. Spencer maintained that the heavy crimp used would damage the bullet's nose or even cause it to strip, thus ruining accuracy. The result was that there were two cartridges available for 50 caliber Spencers. The two rounds are different but interchangeable. The 56-50 is the first generally issued inside lubricated rimfire cartridge. The bullet's grease grooves are covered by the cartridge case. In the 56-52, The bullet's grease grooves are exposed. The Army almost exclusively issued the Springfield designed 56-50 ammunition, even if it was commercially made.
Civil War contract arms were all originally made in 52 caliber with 6 groove rifling. Over 11,000 of these were refinished and converted at Springfield to 50 caliber. Most also had Stabler's patent magazine cutoff added to allow use as a single shot. This work was done from late 1865 through the early 1870's. The conversions can easily be distinguished by their three groove rifled barrel liners. All other military models are 50 caliber. While these are the two common calibers of Spencer firearms, other chamberings exist. A few very rare and valuable sporting rifles were produced just after the Civil War, mostly from condemned parts. The greater number of these used a bottlenecked 44 caliber cartridge based on the 56-52 case. There are also a very few early prototypes in various small caliber chamberings, particularly 38 and 46 straight.
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caldron Calvin canaan cannon canon
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carton cauldron caution certain chainman
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cheapen chevron chicken chieftain children
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elfin Ellen engine ensign Erin
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caldron Calvin canaan cannon canon
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carton cauldron caution certain chainman
chairman chaplain chaplin Charleston chasten
cheapen chevron chicken chieftain children
chitin chosen christen christian churchman
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curtain cushion dampen damson darken
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deaden deafen deepen demon dentin
destine Devon diction dobbin doctrine
dolman dolmen dolphin done doorman
dozen draftsman dragon driven drunken
dublin dudgeon dun dungeon dutchman
earthen earthman eastman eaten eden
elfin Ellen engine ensign Erin
ermine even faction falcon fallen
famine fashion fasten fatten felon
fiction finespun fireman fission flacon
flagon flatten flaxen flection flexion
floorman foeman footman foreign foreman
forerun fortune fountain fraction Franklin
freeman frenchman freshen freshman friction
frighten frisian frozen fun function
fusion gallon gamin gammon garden
gawain German gherkin gibbon Gibson
given gladden glisten gluten glutton
gnomon goblin godson golden goodman
Gordon gorgon goshen gotten gownsman
grandson grantsman gratin graven grecian
gremlin griffin grunion guardsman gudgeon
gulden gumption gun gunman hackman
Haitian handgun hangman happen harden
harken harshen hasten haven haydn
headsman hearken hearten heathen heaven
heighten Helen hellion helmsman hemin
hempen henchman herdsman heron hidden
hoarsen hodgkin Holden homespun horseman
houseman Houston hoyden Hudson human
hun huntsman Huron hymen hyphen
ibsen ion Jackson jargon jasmine
Jason javelin jerkin jimpson Johnson
Jordan junction kinsman kitchen kitten
klansman kremlin kuchen laden latin
layman leaden leaven legion lemon
lengthen lenin lenten lesion lessen
lesson lichen ligan lighten lignin
liken limen Lincoln linden lineman
linen linesman linin lion lisbon
listen liven Logan London loosen
lotion lumen luncheon lupine lyon
lysin macron madden magsman maiden
mammon mandrin mansion margin marksman
marlin marten martian martin mason
matron maudlin Mayan meccan mellon
melon melvin mention Merlin merman
midden million Milton minion misdone
mission mitten mizzen moisten molten
Mormon morton motion mountain muffin
mullein mullion murrain muslin mutton
nation neaten newsman newton nightman
nippon noggin nomen none Norman
norseman norton notion nubbin nun
oaken oarsman oaten ocean often
olden omen one onion open
opsin option organ orphan outdone
outgun outrun oven oxen paean
pagan pardon parson passion patron
patten pecten pectin penguin penman
pension pepsin Persian person pidgin
pigeon pillion pinion pinon pippin
piston pitchman plainsman plankton platen
plenum ploughman plowman poison pollen
popgun poplin portion postman potion
pressman Princeton prison proven prussian
puffin pullman pun purslane pylon
python question quicken quintan raglan
raisin ramsden ranchman rapine ration
ratline raven Reagan reason reckon
redden redone region reinsman rennin
rerun resin ribbon richen ridden
ripen risen riven robin roentgen
roman rotten roughen ruin run
ruskin Russian sabin sadden saffron
salesman salmon sanction sanguine Satan
satin saxon saxton scaleman scallion
scansion scion scission scotchman scotian
scotsman scullion scutcheon seaman season
section seisin semen sequin sermon
session seven sexton shaken shaman
sharpen shaven shetland shiftman shipman
shogun shorten shotgun showman shrunken
shun sicken silken Simon siphon
siren slacken sleeken slogan sloven
smarten smidgen smidgeon smidgin smitten
sodden soften solon someone son
sovereign spaceman spartan spavin spoilsman
spoken spokesman spongin sponsion sportsman
spun squadron Stalin stallion stamen
stanchion staten statesman station steepen
steersman steinmann Stephen stepson stetson
steven stiffen stockman stolen straighten
straiten strengthen stricken stridden striven
strychnine stun sturgeon suasion suction
sudden sullen sultan summon sun
sunken surgeon suzerain Sweden sweeten
switchman swollen swordsman syphon tacksman
taction taken talesman talon tannin
tartan tarzan tauten tendon tension
terpin tertian teuton texan thicken
Thompson threaten thriven tighten titan
token tollman ton torsion toughen
townsman toxin trackman traction tradesman
trainman treason Trenton tribesman trillion
trodden Trojan truckman Truman truncheon
trunnion trypsin tungsten turban turbine
tuscan un unction undone union
urban urchin urine vegan vermin
version villain virgin vision vixen
vulcan wagon waken wanton warden
watchman waxen weaken weapon weighman
welshman wheaten whiten whoreson widen
widgeon wireman wizen woken woman
women won wonton wooden woodman
woodsman woolen woollen workman worsen
woven written xanthin yachtsman yardman
yeggman yeoman yuan zeeman zein
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4 answers
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almsman ammon apron arson ashen Ashton
Asian aspen auction axman bacon bailsman
balkan bandsman banyan bargain barman baron
barren baseman basin bastian bastion batsman
batten beacon beaten beckon bedouin beechen
begun belgian bellman bergman bidden billion
birchen bison bitten blacken blazon blowgun
bludgeon boatman boatswain bobbin bodkin bondman
bondsman Boston boughten bourbon bowman bracken
brahman brahmin brakeman brazen brethren breton
brian brighten Brisbane Britain briton broaden
brogan broken Brooklyn bruin bullion bun
bunion Bunsen bunyan burden burgeon Burton
bushman button Byron cabin caisson cajun
caldron Calvin canaan cannon canon canyon
capstan captain caption Carson carton cauldron
caution certain chainman chairman chaplain chaplin
Charleston chasten cheapen chevron chicken chieftain
children chitin chosen christen christian churchman
citron clansman cloven coachman coarsen coffin
cohen colon common cordon corpsman cotton
cousin cowman coxswain cracksman craftsman craven
crayon cretin crewman crimson croton Cuban
cumin curtain cushion dampen damson darken
Darwin datsun dauphin dayton deacon deaden
deafen deepen demon dentin destine Devon
diction dobbin doctrine dolman dolmen dolphin
done doorman dozen draftsman dragon driven
drunken dublin dudgeon dun dungeon dutchman
earthen earthman eastman eaten eden elfin
Ellen engine ensign Erin ermine even
faction falcon fallen famine fashion fasten
fatten felon fiction finespun fireman fission
flacon flagon flatten flaxen flection flexion
floorman foeman footman foreign foreman forerun
fortune fountain fraction Franklin freeman frenchman
freshen freshman friction frighten frisian frozen
fun function fusion gallon gamin gammon
garden gawain German gherkin gibbon Gibson
given gladden glisten gluten glutton gnomon
goblin godson golden goodman Gordon gorgon
goshen gotten gownsman grandson grantsman gratin
graven grecian gremlin griffin grunion guardsman
gudgeon gulden gumption gun gunman hackman
Haitian handgun hangman happen harden harken
harshen hasten haven haydn headsman hearken
hearten heathen heaven heighten Helen hellion
helmsman hemin hempen henchman herdsman heron
hidden hoarsen hodgkin Holden homespun horseman
houseman Houston hoyden Hudson human hun
huntsman Huron hymen hyphen ibsen ion
Jackson jargon jasmine Jason javelin jerkin
jimpson Johnson Jordan junction kinsman kitchen
kitten klansman kremlin kuchen laden latin
layman leaden leaven legion lemon lengthen
lenin lenten lesion lessen lesson lichen
ligan lighten lignin liken limen Lincoln
linden lineman linen linesman linin lion
lisbon listen liven Logan London loosen
lotion lumen luncheon lupine lyon lysin
macron madden magsman maiden mammon mandrin
mansion margin marksman marlin marten martian
martin mason matron maudlin Mayan meccan
mellon melon melvin mention Merlin merman
midden million Milton minion misdone mission
mitten mizzen moisten molten Mormon morton
motion mountain muffin mullein mullion murrain
muslin mutton nation neaten newsman newton
nightman nippon noggin nomen none Norman
norseman norton notion nubbin nun oaken
oarsman oaten ocean often olden omen
one onion open opsin option organ
orphan outdone outgun outrun oven oxen
paean pagan pardon parson passion patron
patten pecten pectin penguin penman pension
pepsin Persian person pidgin pigeon pillion
pinion pinon pippin piston pitchman plainsman
plankton platen plenum ploughman plowman poison
pollen popgun poplin portion postman potion
pressman Princeton prison proven prussian puffin
pullman pun purslane pylon python question
quicken quintan raglan raisin ramsden ranchman
rapine ration ratline raven Reagan reason
reckon redden redone region reinsman rennin
rerun resin ribbon richen ridden ripen
risen riven robin roentgen roman rotten
roughen ruin run ruskin Russian sabin
sadden saffron salesman salmon sanction sanguine
Satan satin saxon saxton scaleman scallion
scansion scion scission scotchman scotian scotsman
scullion scutcheon seaman season section seisin
semen sequin sermon session seven sexton
shaken shaman sharpen shaven shetland shiftman
shipman shogun shorten shotgun showman shrunken
shun sicken silken Simon siphon siren
slacken sleeken slogan sloven smarten smidgen
smidgeon smidgin smitten sodden soften solon
someone son sovereign spaceman spartan spavin
spoilsman spoken spokesman spongin sponsion sportsman
spun squadron Stalin stallion stamen stanchion
staten statesman station steepen steersman steinmann
Stephen stepson stetson steven stiffen stockman
stolen straighten straiten strengthen stricken stridden
striven strychnine stun sturgeon suasion suction
sudden sullen sultan summon sun sunken
surgeon suzerain Sweden sweeten switchman swollen
swordsman syphon tacksman taction taken talesman
talon tannin tartan tarzan tauten tendon
tension terpin tertian teuton texan thicken
Thompson threaten thriven tighten titan token
tollman ton torsion toughen townsman toxin
trackman traction tradesman trainman treason Trenton
tribesman trillion trodden Trojan truckman Truman
truncheon trunnion trypsin tungsten turban turbine
tuscan un unction undone union urban
urchin urine vegan vermin version villain
virgin vision vixen vulcan wagon waken
wanton warden watchman waxen weaken weapon
weighman welshman wheaten whiten whoreson widen
widgeon wireman wizen woken woman women
won wonton wooden woodman woodsman woolen
woollen workman worsen woven written xanthin
yachtsman yardman yeggman yeoman yuan zeeman
zein zillion zion
Erosion and corrosion kinda do...
3 answers
