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The USB-IF (USB Implementers Forum) is an organization that defines and promotes the standards for USB.

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The practice of Development Support Communication, DSC, is a multi-sectoral process of information sharing about development agendas and planned actions. It links planners, beneficiaries and implementers of development action, including the donor community. It obligates planners and implementers to provide clear, explicit and intelligible data and information about their goals and roles in development, and explicitly provides opportunities for beneficiaries to participate in shaping development outcomes. It ensures that the donor community is kept constantly aware of the achievements and constraints of development efforts in the field.

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At the top, Himmler and Heydrich, with Eichmann as a kind of manager.

'On the ground' it was implemented mainly by the SS and paramilitary police units of the SD in the Einsatzgruppen, supplemented in some areas by local volunteers.

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The role of a non-government organization is varied. It includes facilitating communication, researching, monitoring, evaluation, and advocacy for and with the poor.

2 answers


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USB-IF (USB Implementers Forum, Inc.) is a non-profit corporation created on 1995. Since then USB development have achieved the greater heights.

Also still extending in speed (Low, Full, High and recent super speed )and usage (wired, wireless, On-The-Go) wise

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OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) is a standard description or "reference model" for how messages should be transmitted between any two points in a telecommunicationnetwork. Its purpose is to guide product implementers so that their products will consistently work with other products.

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http://f1tutorials.com/Tutorials/Network/chapter7.html

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Abstract data types (ADTs) are defined by base class designers. An ADT differs from an ordinary base class in that it has a pure-virtual interface. As with all base classes, the protected interface is intended for use by class implementers while the public interface is intended for all programmers (consumers).

All member data should be declared private. Even if there is no invariant associated with the data, declaring it private and providing a public interface ensures that any changes to the class representation will not affect consumers. Member data is an implementation detail that should be of no concern to either the class implementer or the consumer. Protected member data should always be treated with suspicion as this essentially exposes an implementation detail to implementers that could undermine encapsulation. Abstract data types in particular should have few data members, preferably none at all.

Class implementers are only concerned with the protected and public interfaces of their bass classes. Protected interfaces should be fully-documented as the implementer needs to know which methods need to be overridden and for what reason. A common convention is to place the protected interface default implementations in a separate translation unit, typically with a "_impl" suffix. This helps implementers examine the implementation details and thus eliminate redundant/duplicate code from their overrides. Nevertheless, a well-defined interface should be self-documenting and intuitive; the class header file should provide all the documentation necessary for an implementer or consumer to use the class without the need to examine the implementation details.

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The Idea Icons The Idea Idols The Idea Ideals Ideas in an Instant Ideas and Imagination Ideas with Impact The Idea Implementers Idea Importers Idea Intensity The Idea Investigators The Idea Inquisition Ideas with Insight The Idea Instigators The Idea Instruments The Idea Intelligentsia The Idea Invasion

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You use the protected access specifier to allow a derived class implementer access to what would otherwise be a private member method of your class. Private member methods are intended for internal use only, however some may be optimised versions of public member functions. Public member functions, particularly accessors (getters) and mutators (setters), often contain additional runtime checks that are usually redundant to the internal implementation. While we may not wish to allow "ordinary" users access to these optimised functions, derived class implementers are not ordinary users. Like you (the class designer) they want to create an efficient implementation and would therefore benefit from having access to your private implementations, or at least some of them. We achieve this by declaring those methods protected.

Note that although you can also allow class implementers protected access to your otherwise private member data, this is not recommended as class implementers would then be able to undermine your data encapsulation. Class representations must remain private to maintain encapsulation. Similarly, any private methods that have potential for undermining encapsulation should likewise remain private.

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It depends on the language and implementation. Non-proprietary languages typically have several implementations and thus several versions by different implementers. However, standardised languages must adhere to a specific version of the standard (or at least note where the implementation differs from that standard) but may use their own version numbers. For instance, gcc v5.3 adheres to the majority of the C++98 standard (ISO/IEC 14882:1998) with experimental support for C++11 (ISO/IEC 14882:2011).

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The Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) is a program contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life of the members of the community or the enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety recreation and morale and other …

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The person who carries out the agent of change's instructions is commonly referred to as an implementer. The primary role of an implementer is to ensure that the changes proposed by the agent of change are properly executed, and that the desired outcome is achieved. Implementers often focus on the most efficient and cost-effective way to implement a change, and typically have strong organizational and problem-solving skills. They are also responsible for communicating the progress of the change to the agent of change, and for troubleshooting any issues that may arise.

The responsibilities of implementers can be broken down into the following categories:

  • Organizing and planning the change process
  • Identifying potential risks and making contingency plans
  • Developing an implementation timeline
  • Coordinating the resources needed to carry out the change
  • Actively monitoring the change process
  • Troubleshooting any problems that arise
  • Communicating updates and progress to the agent of change

The success of a change initiative depends greatly on the effectiveness of its implementer. An experienced and knowledgeable implementer can be the difference between a successful change and an unsuccessful one.

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The implementation of the Final Solution during the Holocaust was carried out by various individuals and groups. This included members of the Nazi SS, Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing squads), concentration camp personnel, and other individuals involved in the administration and logistics of the extermination process. Adolf Eichmann played a significant role in coordinating the deportations and logistics of mass killings.

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VISION - The TUP-NSTP envisions to build up valuable and effective members of NSRC/MRC who may serve as agent in attaining quality of life, sustain peace, unity, cooperation and growth of the target communities of the university.

MISSION- The TUP-NSTP is a dynamic service-oriented sector composed of qualified implementers that provides capability enhancement for consciousness.

Defense preparedness, civic welfare geared toward encouraging youth in improvising their skills, knowledge and attitude on various Endeavour's that will develop their interest in attaining peace and order development.

JUAN MIRANDA

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Object-oriented programs are not more secure, they are more robust.

Well-designed classes are guaranteed to maintain their invariant. From the point at which an object's constructor has completed successfully to the point at which its destructor is first invoked, that invariant must be guaranteed to hold. The invariant must be established by the constructor and must be maintained by all class access methods which alter the object's representation (mutators). When the invariant cannot be established for any reason, the constructor must throw an exception, thus preventing the object from being created and thus eliminating the possibly of creating invalid data.

The programmer cannot predict in advance precisely how objects of their classes will be used. However, there are only two types of user: general users and class implementers, neither of which should ever be given access to the private class representation. General users only have access to the public interface while implementers also have access to the protected interface. But to maintain the invariant, the class representation must never form any part of either of those interfaces.

Of course, a determined user can obviously reverse engineer an object to find out how it works and thus gain privileged access to the implementation details and its underlying representation. But class designers do not and indeed cannot cater for such users. As with real-world objects, an object is only guaranteed to behave as advertised when used correctly.

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A class is a data type. An interface consists of the private, protected and public members of a class, allowing consumers of the class to interact with the class representation in a controlled manner. The private interface is only accessible to the class itself and to friends of the class. The protected interface is similar to the private interface but is also accessible to derivatives of the class. The public interface is fully accessible. The private and protected interfaces are intended purely for use by the class implementers while the public interface is intended for use by both consumers and implementers.

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OpenMAX™ is a royalty-free, cross-platform API that provides comprehensive streaming media codec and application portability by enabling accelerated multimedia components to be developed, integrated and programmed across multiple operating systems and silicon platforms. The OpenMAX API will be shipped with processors to enable library and codec implementers to rapidly and effectively make use of the full acceleration potential of new silicon - regardless of the underlying hardware architecture. Detailed information of openMAX is available at http://www.khronos.org/openmax/ Regards, Deepak Karda

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  • Formulates policies and plans which provide direction to intermediaries and other implementers in the development and delivery of social welfare and development services.
  • Develops and enriches existing programs and services for specific groups, such as children and youth, women, family and communities, solo parents, older persons and Persons with Disabilities (PWDs);
  • Registers, licenses and accredits individuals, agencies and organizations engaged in social welfare and development services, sets standards and monitors the empowerment and compliance to these standards.
  • Provides technical assistance and capability building to intermediaries; and
  • Provides social protection of the poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged sector, DSWD also gives augmentation funds to local government units so these could deliver SWD services to depressed municipalities and barangays and provide protective services to individuals, families and communities in crisis situation.

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Turbo C wasn't discovered. The C programming language was originally developed by Dennis Ritchie from 1969 to 1973, specifically to re-implement the UNIX operating system, but implementers were quick to adapt C for a wide variety of system-specific, low-level programming, thus an explosion of non-standard implementations began to appear. The C language was finally standardised in 1983 and many of the non-standard implementations were dropped or replaced. One of these early implementations was Wizard C by Bob Jervis. Borland Software Corporation purchased this software and released it under their "Turbo" brand name in 1987, but it failed to achieve the success of their flagship IDE, Turbo Pascal, and was eventually superseded by Turbo C++ in 1990. Embarcadero Technologies bought the Borland development programs and released the Turbo C and Turbo C++ compilers as freeware in 2006.

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The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) [1] is a new IP transport protocol, existing at an equivalent level as UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and TCP (Transmission Control Protocol),[2] which currently provide transport layer functions to all of the main Internet applications. UDP, RTP, TCP, and SCTP are currently the IETF standards-track transport-layer protocols. Each protocol has a domain of applicability and services it provides, albeit with some overlaps.

Like TCP, SCTP provides a reliable transport service, ensuring that data is transported across the network without error and in sequence. Like TCP, SCTP is a connection-oriented mechanism, meaning that a relationship is created between the endpoints of an SCTP session prior to data being transmitted, and this relationship is maintained until all data transmission has been successfully completed.

Unlike TCP, SCTP provides a number of functions that are considered critical for signaling transport, and which at the same time can provide transport benefits to other applications requiring additional performance and reliability.

By clarifying the situations where the functionality of these protocols is applicable, this document can guide implementers and protocol designers in selecting which protocol to use. Special attention is given to services SCTP provides which would make a decision to use SCTP the right one.

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The simple answer is you don't. The primary purpose of a flowchart is to show the flow of execution through an algorithm, with all primary functions and decisions described in broad, abstract terms.

There is no need to distinguish between local and global variables because that is an implementation detail -- it's far too low-level a concept for algorithm design.

All variables utilised by an algorithm should essentially be declared up front at the start of the flowchart and should therefore be treated as being local to that particular flowchart. It doesn't matter where those variables came from, only that they be initialised accordingly. The decision to make a variable global comes much later, once the interactions between different flowcharts have been established. Even so, a global variable should only ever be considered when the variable represents a truly global concept. In the vast majority of cases, passing arguments into functions is often the better option. Especially when separate algorithms are intended to run concurrently because making a global variable thread-safe can seriously impact performance. But this is not a concern in algorithm design, they are only of importance to the implementers; the class designers.

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1. Assists current or potential application users in identifying and describing problems or opportunities that might be addressed either: a) by implementing a new (automated or manual) system, or b) by changing an existing application system. 2. Investigates such problems and opportunities to determine the feasibility of a system solution and to identify the general kinds of system solution that appear appropriate. 3. Analyzes users' business requirements in detail and, where appropriate, prepares functional specifications1 for a proposed new (or changed) system. 4. Assists and guides prospective users of a proposed new or changed system in: a) quantifying the benefits of having the system (or the penalties for not having it), and b) assessing the impact of the system on their organization and on the operation of their business. 5. Obtains rough estimates of the cost of operating and maintaining a proposed new or changed system, assuming use of appropriate technology, tools, and methods. 6. Assists the project manager3 in identifying the skills and resources needed to implement a new system or to modify an existing system, and in preparing rough estimates of: a) the cost of developing or changing the system, b) the duration of a project to do so. c) prepare the DFDs for the system.

7. Assists the sponsoring users in: a) analyzing the costs, benefits, risks, and return-on-investment of the proposed new system, b) understanding the exact nature of the proposed system, c) deciding whether to proceed with the implementation. 8. Designs and develops users' manuals4 and corresponding training programs for a system being developed. 9. Prepares, in consultation with users, implementers, and operations representatives, the acceptance (or parallel) test plan for any new or changed system. 10. Assists the users in preparing for the installation and start-up of any new system being implemented.

1 answer


1. Assists current or potential application users in identifying and describing problems or opportunities that might be addressed either: a) by implementing a new (automated or manual) system, or b) by changing an existing application system. 2. Investigates such problems and opportunities to determine the feasibility of a system solution and to identify the general kinds of system solution that appear appropriate. 3. Analyzes users' business requirements in detail and, where appropriate, prepares functional specifications1 for a proposed new (or changed) system. 4. Assists and guides prospective users of a proposed new or changed system in: a) quantifying the benefits of having the system (or the penalties for not having it), and b) assessing the impact of the system on their organization and on the operation of their business. 5. Obtains rough estimates of the cost of operating and maintaining a proposed new or changed system, assuming use of appropriate technology, tools, and methods. 6. Assists the project manager3 in identifying the skills and resources needed to implement a new system or to modify an existing system, and in preparing rough estimates of: a) the cost of developing or changing the system, b) the duration of a project to do so. c) prepare the DFDs for the system.

7. Assists the sponsoring users in: a) analyzing the costs, benefits, risks, and return-on-investment of the proposed new system, b) understanding the exact nature of the proposed system, c) deciding whether to proceed with the implementation. 8. Designs and develops users' manuals4 and corresponding training programs for a system being developed. 9. Prepares, in consultation with users, implementers, and operations representatives, the acceptance (or parallel) test plan for any new or changed system. 10. Assists the users in preparing for the installation and start-up of any new system being implemented.

1 answer


The niche of the kakapo [Strigops habroptila] is New Zealand. Its niche used to be spread across the three main islands. Due to European setlement and the introduction of new species, it now is limited to the four predator free islands of Maud, Chalky (Te Kakahu), Codfish (Whenua Hou) and Anchor, where the populations are monitored closely.

The reason for the limited geographic range is the severe threat to the kakapo's continued existence. In fact, only 125 kakapo were found on the islands in April 2009. But implementers and enforcers of the Kakapo Recovery Plan haven't given up hope. In fact, the islands of Resolution and Secretary are being readied as additional kakapo habitats.

The kakapo are a flightless, heavy bird that oftentimes is a ground dweller. But the individual kakapo also is known to roost in the highest of tall trees. Either way, its diet tends to consist entirely of fruit, pollen, seeds, and tree sapwood. So its niche tends to be as a consumer, and therefore controller of plant density, in vegetated areas with plenty of ground cover and tall trees. At the same time, its niche also tends to be as a propagator, and contributor to plant density and diversity, through the spreading of seeds. These seeds may be spread by elimination or by the equivalent of 'crumbs' while eating.

The bird's name in Maori means 'night hunter'. Also called the owl parrot, that's exactly what the kakapo is. Hunting at night protects the bird from raptors.

But flightlessness and night hunting have been disservices with Polynesian and European colonization of the islands. Colonization has brought in predatory mammals. Predatory birds rely on sight. Predatory mammals rely on hearing and smell. It's the combination of loss in habitat to colonizers and of predation by colonizers' animals that have brought the kakapo to the threatened conservation status that the kakapo now holds.

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Between 1969 and 1978, C went through several informal revisions with many implementations from a variety of vendors, including Dennis Ritchie himself, the original author of C. During that period the language was not standardised, so vendors added their own extensions which made it difficult to write portable code.

Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie published the first edition of The C Programming Language in 1978 and this served as an informal standard for C, which became known as K&R C after the authors.

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) began standardising the language in 1983 which led to the first formal standard, ANSI X3.159-1989 "Programming Language C", informally known as ANSI C, Standard C or C89. The non-portable UNIX C library was handed off to the IEEE working group 1003 which produced the first POSIX standard in 1988.

In 1990, the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG14 working group for the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) adopted ANSI C as ISO/IEC 9899:1990, informally known as C90. Note that C89 and C90 are essentially the same language, the only real difference being some formatting changes.

In 1995, ISO published a revised standard, ISO/IEC 9899/AMD1:1995, informally known as C95, which incorporated Normative Amendement 1 to the C90 standard.

In 1999, ISO revised the standard again with ISO/IEC 9899:1999, informally known as C99.

In 2008, ISO published a Technical Report addressing the use of nonstandard extensions required in embedded C programming.

The current C standard is ISO/IEC 9899:2011, informally known as C11.

Today, most implementers support the C99 standard which is largely compatible with C89. However Microsoft predominantly supports the C89 standard along with those parts of C99 required for compatibility with C++.

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iostream.h is deprecated and should not be used. It was originally shipped with early versions of C++ which used CFront to produce C compatible code from C++ source. Later, when C++ was standardised, iostream.h became iostream (without the .h extension), but many implementers shipped with both versions. However, iostream.h is not standards compliant and should not be used today. In most cases the file can simply be deleted unless you have non-compliant legacy code that requires it.

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In programming a comment is not a statement. Comments are completely ignored by compilers. In some languages, such as C, the compiler doesn't even see the comments because they were stripped out by the precompiler (which also processes macros, precompiler directives and precompiler definitions). As such, the compiler only sees the resultant C code and nothing else.

Even if a compiler could "see" a comment, it wouldn't understand it. Comments are specifically intended for code maintainers and implementers, and are used solely to explain a concept that cannot be expressed directly in code.

Comments are often a distraction. We see this in tutorial code where virtually every line has a comment because, all too often, these comments do not add anything to the code, they simply repeat what the code does in plain English:

int i = 42; // assign 42 to the variable i

i *= 2; // double the value of i

While this is useful when learning a new programming language, such comments have no place in production code. The assumption is that a code maintainer or implementer is fully conversant with the programming language, so there is no need to explain what a piece of code does; the code itself tells you what it does. Well-written code is also (largely) self-documenting, but when it is not possible to express a concept directly in code, a comment can help draw the reader's attention to that concept.

Low-level programming languages such as assembly language require verbose commentary because it is not possible to express concepts directly in low-level code. The same can be said of C to some degree, because although it is a high-level language, the level of abstraction within the language itself is extremely low. The bulk of our C code tends to consist of low-level functions that provide the building blocks for the higher level functions, but the low-level functions will require more commentary then the higher level ones.

C++, on the other hand, is extremely high-level and requires very little commentary. Although C++ does not support the notion of concepts per se (although it may do at some point in the future) we can avoid using comments through the use of constraints checks and compile time computation. Thus the compiler can provide a more meaningful error message which is much harder to ignore than a comment would be.

That's not to say we shouldn't use comments of course. Often we use them as little reminders to ourselves because we often write code that makes perfect sense at the time but when we revisit the code at a later date, our train of thought has long been forgotten. the trick is to write comments that assist the reader rather than distract the reader, and that is an art in and of itself.

2 answers


In programming a comment is not a statement. Comments are completely ignored by compilers. In some languages, such as C, the compiler doesn't even see the comments because they were stripped out by the precompiler (which also processes macros, precompiler directives and precompiler definitions). As such, the compiler only sees the resultant C code and nothing else.

Even if a compiler could "see" a comment, it wouldn't understand it. Comments are specifically intended for code maintainers and implementers, and are used solely to explain a concept that cannot be expressed directly in code.

Comments are often a distraction. We see this in tutorial code where virtually every line has a comment because, all too often, these comments do not add anything to the code, they simply repeat what the code does in plain English:

int i = 42; // assign 42 to the variable i

i *= 2; // double the value of i

While this is useful when learning a new programming language, such comments have no place in production code. The assumption is that a code maintainer or implementer is fully conversant with the programming language, so there is no need to explain what a piece of code does; the code itself tells you what it does. Well-written code is also (largely) self-documenting, but when it is not possible to express a concept directly in code, a comment can help draw the reader's attention to that concept.

Low-level programming languages such as assembly language require verbose commentary because it is not possible to express concepts directly in low-level code. The same can be said of C to some degree, because although it is a high-level language, the level of abstraction within the language itself is extremely low. The bulk of our C code tends to consist of low-level functions that provide the building blocks for the higher level functions, but the low-level functions will require more commentary then the higher level ones.

C++, on the other hand, is extremely high-level and requires very little commentary. Although C++ does not support the notion of concepts per se (although it may do at some point in the future) we can avoid using comments through the use of constraints checks and compile time computation. Thus the compiler can provide a more meaningful error message which is much harder to ignore than a comment would be.

That's not to say we shouldn't use comments of course. Often we use them as little reminders to ourselves because we often write code that makes perfect sense at the time but when we revisit the code at a later date, our train of thought has long been forgotten. the trick is to write comments that assist the reader rather than distract the reader, and that is an art in and of itself.

1 answer


They are completely unrelated. Java was designed as an attempt to improve C++, and C# was designed as an attempt to improve Java, so they have many things in common. They are not, however, the same language.

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Data hiding is one of the important aspects of a class. Data hiding means to hide the members of the class and providing the access to only some of them. we can make the members of the class private or public. in private,the outside world cannot access those members which been made private.and rest we can make public.only the public members are accessed by the out side world and all the private members can be accessed using only the public members.in this way a class provides security to its data members.

7 answers


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1 answer


Any time you have a class that inherits a method from a superclass, you have the opportunity to override the method (unless, as you learned in the earlier chapters, the method is marked final). The key benefit of overriding is the ability to define behavior that's specific to a particular subclass type. The following example demonstrates a Porsche subclass of Car overriding the Car version of the drive() method:

public class Car {

public void drive() {

System.out.println("Generic Car Driving Generically");

}

}

class Porsche extends Car {

public void drive() {

System.out.println("Porsche driving Full Throttle");

}

}

For abstract methods you inherit from a superclass, you have no choice. You must implement the method in the subclass unless the subclass is also abstract. Abstract methods must be implemented by the concrete subclass, but this is a lot like saying that the concrete subclass overrides the abstract methods of the superclass. So you could think of abstract methods as methods you're forced to override.

The Car class creator might have decided that for the purposes of polymorphism, all Car subtypes should have an drive() method defined in a unique, specific way. Polymorphically, when someone has an Car reference that refers not to an Car instance, but to an Car subclass instance, the caller should be able to invoke drive() on the Car reference, but the actual runtime object (say, a Porsche instance) will run its own specific drive() method. Marking the drive() method abstract is the Car programmer's way of saying to all subclass developers, "It doesn't make any sense for your new subtype to use a generic drive() method, so you have to come up with your own drive() method implementation!" A (non-abstract), example of using polymorphism looks like this:

public class TestCars {

public static void main (String [] args) {

Car a = new Car();

Car b = new Porsche(); //Car ref, but a Porsche object

a.drive(); // Runs the Car version of drive()

b.drive(); // Runs the Porsche version of drive()

}

}

class Car {

public void drive() {

System.out.println("Generic Car Driveing Generically");

}

}

class Porsche extends Car {

public void drive() {

System.out.println("Porsche driving Full Throttle");

}

public void brake() { }

}

In the preceding code, the test class uses a Car reference to invoke a method on a Porsche object. Remember, the compiler will allow only methods in class Car to be invoked when using a reference to a Car. The following would not be legal given the preceding code:

Car c = new Porsche();

c.brake(); // Can't invoke brake();

// Car class doesn't have that method

To reiterate, the compiler looks only at the reference type, not the instance type. Polymorphism lets you use a more abstract supertype (including an interface) reference to refer to one of its subtypes (including interface implementers).

2 answers


Data encapsulation refers to a means of limiting data access only to those functions that actually require direct access. Object-oriented programming languages such as C++ use access specifiers (public, private and protected) to determine the accessibility (or visibility) of an object's data or, more specifically, its representation.

  • Public member data is accessible to any function (no encapsulation).
  • Private member data is accessible only to the class member functions and to friends of the class (full encapsulation).
  • Protected member data is the same as private member data and is also accessible to implementers of derived classes and to friends of those classes (partial encapsulation).

For most classes, data members are declared private, thus fully encapsulating the data.

7 answers


Difference Between MTP and M3UA links?

M3UA [137] provides for the transport of MTP Level 3-user part signaling (such as ISUP and SCCP) over IP using SCTP. RFC 3332 defines and supplements it with an Implementers Guide [138]. M3UA provides for seamless operation between the user part peers by fully supporting the MTP Level 3 upper-layer primitives. M3UA can be used between an SG and an MGC or IP-resident database, or between two IPSP.

The most common use for M3UA is between a SG and a MGC or IP-resident databases (such as SCPs). The SG receives SS7 signaling over standard SS7 links. It terminates MTP Levels 1 to 3 and provides message distribution, or routing, of the user part messages that is destined for MGCs or IP-resident databases. The MGCs can send to other MGCs via the SG.

Figure 14-11 shows the protocol stacks at each network element for using M3UA between a SG and a MGC. The SEP, or SEP, is a node in the SS7 network. The NIF, or Nodal Interworking Function, provides for the interworking of SS7 and IP. RFC 3332 does not define the functionality of the NIF because it was considered out of scope.

The M3UA on the MGC or IP-resident database supports the MTP Level upper-layer primitives so the user parts are unaware that MTP is terminated on the SG. The MTP service primitives [49] consist of the following:

  • MTP Transfer request and indication
  • MTP Pause indication
  • MTP Resume indication
  • MTP Status indication

The MTP Transfer primitive is used to pass user data. MTP Pause indicates that an Affected Point Code is Unavailable, and MTP Resume indicates that an Affected Point Code is Available. MTP Status provides congestion and User Part Availability information on an Affected Point Code. Later, in the Messages and Formats description of M3UA messages, it will be clear how these primitives are supported.

The M3UA layer on the SGP must maintain the state of all the configured ASPs and ASes. M3UA at the ASP must maintain the state of all configured SGPs and SGs.

The M3UA layer on the SG supports message distribution of incoming messages from the SS7 and IP-based sources. The distribution is based on matching the incoming message against the Routing Keys. When a Routing Key is selected, the Application Server state is checked to see if it is active. An Active Application Server has at least one ASP that is ready to receive data messages. If the Application Server is active, the message is forwarded to the appropriate ASP(s) that support the AS.

To determine the appropriate ASP, the SG must take into account the AS's traffic mode. There are three possible traffic modes: Override, Load Share, and Broadcast. Override traffic mode is basically an Active-Standby arrangement in which one ASP is active for receiving data messages and one or more ASPs are Standby. In this case, the SGP sends to the active ASP. In Load Share mode, one or more ASPs can be active. The SGP load shares across the active ASPs using an implementation-specific algorithm. Finally, in Broadcast mode, one or more ASPs can be active, and the SGP sends the data message to each active ASP.

The M3UA layer on the ASP must also make decisions about the distribution of outgoing messages. To do so, the M3UA layer maintains the availability and congestion state of the routes to remote SS7 destinations. An M3UA route refers to a path through an SG to an SS7 destination. If an SS7 destination is available through more than one route (more than one SG), the M3UA layer must perform some additional functions. In addition to keeping the state of each route, M3UA must also derive the overall state from the individual route states. The derived state is provided to the upper layer. Also, if each individual route is available, the M3UA should load balance across the available routes. Further, if the SG consists of more than one SGP, M3UA should load share across the available SGPs.

The M3UA layer at the SGP and ASP must maintain the state of each SCTP association. M3UA uses a client-server model with the ASP defaulting to the client and SG as the server. However, both SG and ASP should be able to be provisioned as the client or server. The client side of the relationship is responsible for establishing the association.

During the establishment of the association, several inbound and outbound streams are negotiated between the SCTP peers. The M3UA layer at both the SGP and ASP can assign data traffic to individual streams based on some parameter that ensures proper sequencing of messages, such as SLS.

M3UA has an Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) registered port number of 2905. It also has an IANA registered SCTP payload protocol identifier value of 3.

1 answer


Introduction

The introduction of Social studies into the Nigerian school system was based on certain philosophical considerations. One of them is to address social issues and man’s problem of life in their interrelatedness, as they appear in real life situations instead of addressing them in an uninterlated manner as those learnt through separate disciplines like geography, religion, sociology and anthropology. Social Studies, according to Ezegbe (1994), was therefore introduced as an integrated discipline to make education real to life.

Social studies was also introduced into the Nigerian school system to achieve one of the philosophies of Nigerian education as indicated in the National Policy on Education which is “the development of the individual into a sound and effective citizen” (1998:7). The realization of this objective through Social studies is possible since the subject is an integrated programme which are taught and learnt in Social studies looks at all aspects of the life of the child in the society. It is therefore, better equipped to properly socialize the child to become a sound and effective citizen.

It is further stated in the National Policy on Education (1998:8) that education is to achieve the inculcation of national consciousness and national unity; the inculcation of the right type of values and attitudes for the survival of the individual and the Nigerian society. All these, according to Ezegbe (1994) involve the development of modern democratic values which are taught and learnt in social studies because of its broad based scope. The accomplishment of the purposes for which Social studies was introduced in schools would depend to a large extent, not only on the availability of the right caliber of professionally trained Social studies teaching personnel, but also of the material resources available in schools for its teaching. Of all the personnel involved in the development, implementation and evaluation of a curriculum, the teacher is the most important. Brown (1982) pointed out the vital role of the teacher in the curriculum process when he noted that:

the curriculum can be a great success or a dismal failure depending on teachers and the instructional materials at the disposal of the teacher are of vital importance. They are the keypersons who alone can make the curriculum design achieve whatever it was designed to achieve… (pg. 19).

No matter how strongly motivated a nation may be in desiring to provide education for its citizens irrespective of the financial resources and the good will, the effectiveness of the system ultimately depends on the quality of the teachers that operate it and availability of instructional materials and educational inputs that are of vital importance in the successful implementation of social studies curriculum. . It is the teacher who translates societal values and aspirations to practical lessons in the class. Several educators amongst who are Coombs (1970), Fafunwa (1974), Fayemi (1991) and Ukeje (1970) have written on the vital role of the teachers as implementers of the curriculum. According to them, whatever abilities are available, whatever content is presented for teaching, whichever kind of environment the school is situated and whatever kind of pupils are given to teach, the important and vital role of the teacher cannot be over-emphasized. Teachers represent a large proportion of the input of an educational system.

Instructional materials are also educational inputs and they are of vital importance in the successful implementation of any curriculum. Relevant and appropriate textbooks, visual and audio-visual materials like globes, charts, slides, maps, tapes etc are of paramount necessities in the teaching-learning process. Audio-visual materials supplement and consolidate what is read in textbooks and journals. This study was aimed at finding out if there are necessary human and material resources in the Nigerian secondary schools for the implementation of the new social studies curriculum at the senior secondary school level.

In conclusion, though, Social studies had been introduced into the educational scene in Nigeria since 1958, it went through various stages of development before it was officially entrenched in the educational curriculum of the nation at the primary, junior secondary, teachers colleges and tertiary levels of education. However, social studies was not included in the senior secondary school curriculum until 1998. The basic problem it has encountered is in the area of availability of instructional material for it teaching at the various levels of learning. More need to be done by policy executors in the educational sector in Nigeria. The inability of student to effectively comprehend the subject may be due to lack of adequate facilities, both instructional and personnel.

References

Borg, W. R. & Gall, M.D. (1979). Educational Research: An Introduction (3rd Ed.) New York: Longman.

Brown, N. (1982). Curriculum and Instructions. Lagos: Macmillan.

Coombs, P.H. (1970). The World Educational Crisis: A Systems Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.

Adegbe, M. O. (1994). “Social Studies Curriculum and Instructions” in Amadi, H.C. and Joof, G.W. (1994) (eds). Social Studies in Schools: Teaching Methods, Techniques, Approaches and Perspectives. Onitsha. Outrite Publishers.

Federal Republic of Nigeria (1998). National Policy on Education, Lagos: Federal Ministry of Information.

Obagah, H. (1993). “The Senior Secondary School’s Social studies Syllabus. An Unfinished Business”. Paper presented at the 2nd National Conference of Social Studies Association of Nigeria.

Ukeje, D. O. (19970). “Performance Oriented Teacher Education”. Report of the 5th Annual Conference, Western Council of the Association for Teacher Education in Africa.

2 answers


Overridden Methods

Any time you have a class that inherits a method from a superclass, you have the opportunity to override the method (unless, as you learned in the earlier chapters, the method is marked final). The key benefit of overriding is the ability to define behavior that's specific to a particular subclass type. The following example demonstrates a Porsche subclass of Car overriding the Car version of the drive() method:

public class Car {

public void drive() {

System.out.println("Generic Car Driving Generically");

}

}

class Porsche extends Car {

public void drive() {

System.out.println("Porsche driving Full Throttle");

}

}

For abstract methods you inherit from a superclass, you have no choice. You must implement the method in the subclass unless the subclass is also abstract. Abstract methods must be implemented by the concrete subclass, but this is a lot like saying that the concrete subclass overrides the abstract methods of the superclass. So you could think of abstract methods as methods you're forced to override.

The Car class creator might have decided that for the purposes of polymorphism, all Car subtypes should have an drive() method defined in a unique, specific way. Polymorphically, when someone has an Car reference that refers not to an Car instance, but to an Car subclass instance, the caller should be able to invoke drive() on the Car reference, but the actual runtime object (say, a Porsche instance) will run its own specific drive() method. Marking the drive() method abstract is the Car programmer's way of saying to all subclass developers, "It doesn't make any sense for your new subtype to use a generic drive() method, so you have to come up with your own drive() method implementation!" A (non-abstract), example of using polymorphism looks like this:

public class TestCars {

public static void main (String [] args) {

Car a = new Car();

Car b = new Porsche(); //Car ref, but a Porsche object

a.drive(); // Runs the Car version of drive()

b.drive(); // Runs the Porsche version of drive()

}

}

class Car {

public void drive() {

System.out.println("Generic Car Driveing Generically");

}

}

class Porsche extends Car {

public void drive() {

System.out.println("Porsche driving Full Throttle");

}

public void brake() { }

}

In the preceding code, the test class uses a Car reference to invoke a method on a Porsche object. Remember, the compiler will allow only methods in class Car to be invoked when using a reference to a Car. The following would not be legal given the preceding code:

Car c = new Porsche();

c.brake(); // Can't invoke brake();

// Car class doesn't have that method

To reiterate, the compiler looks only at the reference type, not the instance type. Polymorphism lets you use a more abstract supertype (including an interface) reference to refer to one of its subtypes (including interface implementers).

The overriding method cannot have a more restrictive access modifier than the method being overridden (for example, you can't override a method marked public and make it private). Think about it: if the Car class advertises a public drive() method and someone has an Car reference (in other words, a reference declared as type Car), that someone will assume it's safe to call drive() on the Car reference regardless of the actual instance that the Car reference is referring to. If a subclass were allowed to sneak in and change the access modifier on the overriding method, then suddenly at runtime-when the JVM invokes the true object's (Porsche) version of the method rather than the reference type's (Car) version-the program would die a horrible death. Let's modify the polymorphic example we saw earlier in this section:

public class TestCars {

public static void main (String [] args) {

Car a = new Car();

Car b = new Porsche(); //Car ref, but a Porsche object

a.drive(); // Runs the Car version of drive()

b.drive(); // Runs the Porsche version of drive()

}

}

class Car {

public void drive() {

System.out.println("Generic Car Driveing Generically");

}

}

class Porsche extends Car {

private void drive() { // whoa! - it's private!

System.out.println("Porsche driving Full Throttle");

}

}

If this code compiled (which it doesn't), the following would fail at runtime:

Car b = new Porsche(); // Car ref, but a Porsche

// object , so far so good

b.drive(); // Chaos at runtime!

The variable b is of type Car, which has a public drive() method. But remember that at runtime, Java uses virtual method invocation to dynamically select the actual version of the method that will run, based on the actual instance. A Car reference can always refer to a Porsche instance, because Porsche IS-A Car. What makes that superclass reference to a subclass instance possible is that the subclass is guaranteed to be able to do everything the superclass can do. Whether the Porsche instance overrides the inherited methods of Car or simply inherits them, anyone with a Car reference to a Porsche instance is free to call all accessible Car methods. For that reason, an overriding method must fulfill the contract of the superclass.

The rules for overriding a method are as follows:

• The argument list must exactly match that of the overridden method. If they don't match, you can end up with an overloaded method that you didn't intend on creating.

• The return type must be the same as, or a subtype of, the return type declared in the original overridden method in the superclass.

• The access level can't be more restrictive than the overridden method's. (public to private not allowed)

• The access level CAN be less restrictive than that of the overridden method. (private to public allowed)

• Instance methods can be overridden only if they are inherited by the subclass. A subclass within the same package as the instance's superclass can override any superclass method that is not marked private or final. A subclass in a different package can override only those non-final methods marked public or protected (since protected methods are inherited by the subclass).

• The overriding method CAN throw any unchecked (runtime) exception, regardless of whether the overridden method declares the exception.

• The overriding method must NOT throw checked exceptions that are new or broader than those declared by the overridden method. For example, a method that declares a FileNotFoundException cannot be overridden by a method that declares a SQLException, Exception, or any other non-runtime exception unless it's a subclass of FileNotFoundException.

• The overriding method can throw narrower or fewer exceptions. Just because an overridden method "takes risks" doesn't mean that the overriding subclass' exception takes the same risks. Bottom line: an overriding method doesn't have to declare any exceptions that it will never throw, regardless of what the overridden method declares.

• You cannot override a method marked final.

• You cannot override a method marked static.

• If a method can't be inherited, you cannot override it. Remember that overriding implies that you're re-implementing a method you inherited! For example, the following code is not legal, and even if you added an drive() method to Porsche, it wouldn't be an override of Car's drive() method.

public class TestCars {

public static void main (String [] args) {

Porsche h = new Porsche();

h.drive(); // Not legal because Porsche didn't inherit drive()

}

}

class Car {

private void drive() {

System.out.println("Generic Car Driveing Generically");

}

}

class Porsche extends Car { }

1 answer


Overridden Methods

Any time you have a class that inherits a method from a superclass, you have the opportunity to override the method (unless, as you learned in the earlier chapters, the method is marked final). The key benefit of overriding is the ability to define behavior that's specific to a particular subclass type. The following example demonstrates a Porsche subclass of Car overriding the Car version of the drive() method:

public class Car {

public void drive() {

System.out.println("Generic Car Driving Generically");

}

}

class Porsche extends Car {

public void drive() {

System.out.println("Porsche driving Full Throttle");

}

}

For abstract methods you inherit from a superclass, you have no choice. You must implement the method in the subclass unless the subclass is also abstract. Abstract methods must be implemented by the concrete subclass, but this is a lot like saying that the concrete subclass overrides the abstract methods of the superclass. So you could think of abstract methods as methods you're forced to override.

The Car class creator might have decided that for the purposes of polymorphism, all Car subtypes should have an drive() method defined in a unique, specific way. Polymorphically, when someone has an Car reference that refers not to an Car instance, but to an Car subclass instance, the caller should be able to invoke drive() on the Car reference, but the actual runtime object (say, a Porsche instance) will run its own specific drive() method. Marking the drive() method abstract is the Car programmer's way of saying to all subclass developers, "It doesn't make any sense for your new subtype to use a generic drive() method, so you have to come up with your own drive() method implementation!" A (non-abstract), example of using polymorphism looks like this:

public class TestCars {

public static void main (String [] args) {

Car a = new Car();

Car b = new Porsche(); //Car ref, but a Porsche object

a.drive(); // Runs the Car version of drive()

b.drive(); // Runs the Porsche version of drive()

}

}

class Car {

public void drive() {

System.out.println("Generic Car Driveing Generically");

}

}

class Porsche extends Car {

public void drive() {

System.out.println("Porsche driving Full Throttle");

}

public void brake() { }

}

In the preceding code, the test class uses a Car reference to invoke a method on a Porsche object. Remember, the compiler will allow only methods in class Car to be invoked when using a reference to a Car. The following would not be legal given the preceding code:

Car c = new Porsche();

c.brake(); // Can't invoke brake();

// Car class doesn't have that method

To reiterate, the compiler looks only at the reference type, not the instance type. Polymorphism lets you use a more abstract supertype (including an interface) reference to refer to one of its subtypes (including interface implementers).

The overriding method cannot have a more restrictive access modifier than the method being overridden (for example, you can't override a method marked public and make it private). Think about it: if the Car class advertises a public drive() method and someone has an Car reference (in other words, a reference declared as type Car), that someone will assume it's safe to call drive() on the Car reference regardless of the actual instance that the Car reference is referring to. If a subclass were allowed to sneak in and change the access modifier on the overriding method, then suddenly at runtime-when the JVM invokes the true object's (Porsche) version of the method rather than the reference type's (Car) version-the program would die a horrible death. Let's modify the polymorphic example we saw earlier in this section:

public class TestCars {

public static void main (String [] args) {

Car a = new Car();

Car b = new Porsche(); //Car ref, but a Porsche object

a.drive(); // Runs the Car version of drive()

b.drive(); // Runs the Porsche version of drive()

}

}

class Car {

public void drive() {

System.out.println("Generic Car Driveing Generically");

}

}

class Porsche extends Car {

private void drive() { // whoa! - it's private!

System.out.println("Porsche driving Full Throttle");

}

}

If this code compiled (which it doesn't), the following would fail at runtime:

Car b = new Porsche(); // Car ref, but a Porsche

// object , so far so good

b.drive(); // Chaos at runtime!

The variable b is of type Car, which has a public drive() method. But remember that at runtime, Java uses virtual method invocation to dynamically select the actual version of the method that will run, based on the actual instance. A Car reference can always refer to a Porsche instance, because Porsche IS-A Car. What makes that superclass reference to a subclass instance possible is that the subclass is guaranteed to be able to do everything the superclass can do. Whether the Porsche instance overrides the inherited methods of Car or simply inherits them, anyone with a Car reference to a Porsche instance is free to call all accessible Car methods. For that reason, an overriding method must fulfill the contract of the superclass.

The rules for overriding a method are as follows:

• The argument list must exactly match that of the overridden method. If they don't match, you can end up with an overloaded method that you didn't intend on creating.

• The return type must be the same as, or a subtype of, the return type declared in the original overridden method in the superclass.

• The access level can't be more restrictive than the overridden method's. (public to private not allowed)

• The access level CAN be less restrictive than that of the overridden method. (private to public allowed)

• Instance methods can be overridden only if they are inherited by the subclass. A subclass within the same package as the instance's superclass can override any superclass method that is not marked private or final. A subclass in a different package can override only those non-final methods marked public or protected (since protected methods are inherited by the subclass).

• The overriding method CAN throw any unchecked (runtime) exception, regardless of whether the overridden method declares the exception.

• The overriding method must NOT throw checked exceptions that are new or broader than those declared by the overridden method. For example, a method that declares a FileNotFoundException cannot be overridden by a method that declares a SQLException, Exception, or any other non-runtime exception unless it's a subclass of FileNotFoundException.

• The overriding method can throw narrower or fewer exceptions. Just because an overridden method "takes risks" doesn't mean that the overriding subclass' exception takes the same risks. Bottom line: an overriding method doesn't have to declare any exceptions that it will never throw, regardless of what the overridden method declares.

• You cannot override a method marked final.

• You cannot override a method marked static.

• If a method can't be inherited, you cannot override it. Remember that overriding implies that you're re-implementing a method you inherited! For example, the following code is not legal, and even if you added an drive() method to Porsche, it wouldn't be an override of Car's drive() method.

public class TestCars {

public static void main (String [] args) {

Porsche h = new Porsche();

h.drive(); // Not legal because Porsche didn't inherit drive()

}

}

class Car {

private void drive() {

System.out.println("Generic Car Driveing Generically");

}

}

class Porsche extends Car { }

1 answer


Method overriding is when a child class redefines the same method as a parent class, with the same parameters.

For example, the standard Java class java.util.LinkedHashSet extends java.util.HashSet. The method add() is overridden in LinkedHashSet. If you have a variable that is of type HashSet, and you call its add() method, it will call the appropriate implementation of add(), based on whether it is a HashSet or a LinkedHashSet. This is called polymorphism.

Method overloading is defining several methods in the same class, that accept different numbers and types of parameters. In this case, the actual method called is decided at compile-time, based on the number and types of arguments. For instance, the method System.out.println() is overloaded, so that you can pass ints as well as Strings, and it will call a different version of the method.

Overriding is an example of run time polymorphism. The JVM does not know which version of method would be called until the type of reference will be passed to the reference variable. It is also called Dynamic Method Dispatch.

Overloading is an example of compile time polymorphism.

6 answers


Providing a declaration which matches another declaration of the same name, thereby hiding the existing declaration.


In terms of object-oriented programming, overriding is the ability of a subclass to "override" and replace the functionality of a method.

Example:

class A {
f(){
print "A"

}

}


class B extends A {
// Function f is overridden.
// When B.f() is called, it will call this function instead of A.f()
f() {
print "B"

}

}

7 answers


There are essentially just two types of inheritance: single inheritance and multiple inheritance. Single inheritance simply means that one class derives directly from another class. Multiple inheritance means one class is directly derived from two or more classes.

However, since base classes can (and often are) be derived from other base classes, you can think of this type of inheritance as being multi-level. In addition, two or more base classes that share a common base class can use virtual inheritance. What this means is that the common base class becomes a direct base class of the most-derived class, and this one instance is shared, virtually, by all the base classes that would otherwise inherit directly from it. in other words, there is only one instance of the common base class, rather than one instance per class that inherits from it. This is useful in the so-called "dreaded diamond" formation, where a derived class inherits from two base classes, both of which inherit from a common base class.

6 answers


Semester II Public Policy and Strategy

1.0 Introduction

Prior to get on any policy programme or project, it is important to give adequate consideration to how it will be managed and resourced. Some aspects of the policy making process are very time-consuming, and effective planning is essential.

Policy-making is habitually underestimated and misunderstood, yet it is the central role of the city, town, and county legislative bodies. The policies created by our local governments affect everyone in the community in some way. Public policy determines what services will be provided to the residents and the level of those services, what kinds of development will occur in the community, and it determines what the community's future will be.

Evidence-Based Policy Making has become a major part of government's approaches to policy making. So through out the assignment document I would like to discuss about the basic understanding of the policy making and how the evidence base (especially Empirical Methods) will improve the Policy making process

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2.0 What Is Policy Mean ?

Policy mean a definite Course or Method of action selected (by government, institution, group or individual) from among alternatives and in the light of given conditions to guide and, usually, to determine present and future decisions.

In the other way policy is defined as: "a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business or individual" (From Oxford Dictionary)

Policies are "made" and "implemented" yet it is possible to have policies that are not or cannot be implemented, so that, conceptually, actions that implement policies need not necessarily be part of policy itself.

3.0 Where does Policy Originate?

The traditional constitutional framework of policy-making suggests that politicians make policy and public servants implement it. In practice, this offers a limited understanding of policy-making, which fails to recognize the many competing factors which shape the way policy is formulated, implemented and evaluated

Policies can come from various sources: Ministers, party manifestos, Assembly Committees, international commitments, EU Directives, pressure for change from professionals within a particular part of the public service, research evidence, public opinion and lobbying from the voluntary and community sector, as well as from the planned review of existing policies. Often, the pressure for change will come from several of these sources at once

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4.0 What Is Policy Making?

Policy-making is the process by which governments translate their political vision into programmes and actions to deliver 'outcomes' - desired change in the real world. Thus policy-making is a fundamental function of any government.

The process of policy-making is not a high science, but it is difficult to do well. As in any process, there are tools and techniques that can help in doing the job more effectively. Public policy operates in an extremely wide environment. Governments have obligations to, and are answerable to, every part of civic society. Policy-making often requires a department or the administration as a whole to strike a balance among a wide range of competing interests without losing sight of the desired policy outcome.

4.1 Policy-Making in Current Situation

The world for which policies have to be developed is becoming increasingly complex, uncertain and unpredictable. Citizens are better informed, have rising expectations and are making growing demands for services tailored to their individual needs. Key policy issues, such as social need, low educational achievement and poor health, are connected and cannot be tackled effectively by departments or agencies acting individually. In addition, devolution introduces a system of government which is designed to be more joined-up and responsive than in the past

At the same time, the world is increasingly inter-connected and inter-dependent. National and global events and trends can very quickly become major issues for a regional administration

For example, Swine Flu, Dengue Fever disease outbreak in 2009, rapid Necessity in Admission Of Primary Education, adaptation of information and communications technology and a wide range of interests needs to be co-coordinated and harnessed. In parallel with these external pressures, Ministers expect a focus on solutions

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that work across existing organizational boundaries and on bringing about real change. Civil servants must adapt to this new, fast-moving, challenging environment if public policy is to remain credible and effective.

4.2 Evidence-Based Policy Making

It is crucial that policy decisions should be based on sound evidence. Good quality policy-making depends on high quality information, derived from a variety of sources - expert knowledge; existing local, national and international research; existing statistics; stakeholder consultation; evaluation of previous policies; new research, if appropriate; or secondary sources, including the internet. To be as effective as possible, evidence needs to be provided by, and/or be interpreted by, experts in the field working closely with policy makers.

For example, statisticians, economists, medical officers, inspectors, scientists, and social researchers these professionals should know what relevant published statistics are available and be in touch with the latest research evidence and best practice internationally in the relevant policy areas. They can also advise on commissioning new research and generally point policy-makers in the right direction.

However, evidence is not something that is only generated by external research. In any policy area there is a great deal of important evidence held by both frontline managers and staff in departments, agencies, Boards, schools, hospitals, etc, and the citizen, customer or consumer to whom the policy is directed. Very often these groups will have a clearer idea than the policy makers about what the problems are, why the situation is as it is and why previous initiatives did or did not work.

They are also well placed to advice on how a new policy can be put into practice on the ground and what pitfalls need to be avoided. Gathering that evidence through interviews, surveys or focus groups can provide a very valuable input to the policy

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making process and can often be done much more quickly than more conventional research. It may well also help to avoid expensive mistakes later

There Are Different Types of Evidence

􀂮

Systematic Reviews

􀂮

Single Studies

􀂮

Pilot Studies and Case Studies

􀂮

Experts' Evidence

􀂮

Internet Evidence

These kinds of evidence can be supported by empirical methods to project the out comes which will give and guide the policy makers to get the clear idea and produce the better policy making outputs which Leeds to the well formed realistic and implemental Policies to the society

In order to define the role of policy analysis, we need to distinguish between two major processes. These are:

􀂮 Policy formulation, defined as the process of considering alternative policy options and deciding to implement one or several of them.

􀂮 Policy implementation, defined as the process of carrying out the policy (or policies) decided on during the formulation stage.

Within policy formulation, we can further distinguish between policy analysis and policy making. Policy analysis is the process of investigating issues and options, and of drawing up and comparing different proposals. Policy making, on the other hand, is the act of deciding which objectives should be met and selecting the instruments by which to do so.

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Corresponding to these processes are the people who carry them out, namely:

􀂮

Policy formulators: policy analysts and policy makers

􀂮

Policy implementers.

These are not necessarily different people. The same person may analyze policy, make it and then implement it. However, in doing so, he or she is carrying out distinct roles. Awareness of these roles, and an ability to separate them, are important for everyone involved in policy work.

The purpose of policy is to affect the real world. To do this, political realities must be fully taken into account. While imagination - and even a degree of daring - may be vital ingredients at the policy formulation stage, there is no point in proposing a policy which is bound to be rejected for political reasons. Policy proposals will not be accepted - and policies will not be effective - unless they have the support of prominent politicians and interest groups. Policy analysts must understand and take into account the concerns of politicians if viable policies are to be formulated. Politics and politicians are, in fact, central to policy issues and should not be viewed as irritating side-issues, to be ignored whenever possible.

Priorities in policy formulation

The formulation of good policy is not a matter of random chance, but a skill which can be learned. It is also a skill which requires limited resources to practice. Three main types of limited resources are required:

1.

The ability and time of policy analysts to identify issues and options with an understanding of their probable consequences;

2.

The ability, attention and time of policy makers who must understand the issues involved if they are to make sound decisions;

3.

Other political and bureaucratic resources to bring about necessary legislation and political or financial support for a policy decision or its effective implementation,

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5.0 The role of the policy analyst

The tasks of policy analysis can be described as follows:

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To identify and priorities policy issues

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To clarify government policy objectives relevant to sector

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To identify current policies and their consequences

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To identify alternative viable policy instruments, their probable direct and indirect consequences and the risk that these may not materialize

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To develop criteria and indicators to assess progress towards objectives

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To design viable policy packages, with associated strategies to obtain political support and to ensure organizational effectiveness

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To advocate these viable policy packages in a clear, brief and persuasive way.

In essence, the task of the policy analyst is to help the policy maker take difficult decisions in areas that are often contentious. Senior policy makers must understand the issues involved if they are to make sound decisions. The policy analyst must be able to create and convey that understanding quickly and clearly.

Policy analysis, on the other hand, includes this parallel set of characteristics:

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An inventory or search phase, limited in scope and directed at a particular issue.

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A constrained search for alternatives, which are then all usually evaluated and displayed to the client.

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The preparation of memoranda, issue papers, policy papers, or draft legislation.

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A particular client, be it a chief executive, an elected official, a public interest group, a neighborhood, or a bank, likely to have a particular perspective on the problem.

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An issue or problem orientation, described alternatively as a reactive posture.

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A time horizon often compromised by terms of elected officials and uncertainty.

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A political approach to getting things accomplished.

When analyzing government policy, it is often helpful to distinguish between two elements which are essential parts of any policy. These elements are:

1.

Policy objectives. These are the "ends" of a policy and reflect the overall purpose or long-term aims; they are what the policy is intended to achieve

2.

Policy instruments. These are the "means" of a policy, the actions used to carry it out and the methods by which its objectives are achieved

The distinction is useful because the same objective can often be served by several alternative instruments. It is only by distinguishing between objectives and instruments that one can begin to assess the relative efficiency of different instruments. Conversely, a single policy instrument may affect several policy objectives.

For example, an instrument used to raise dairy prices will normally affect the welfare of producers and consumers as well as the level of milk production.

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6.0 What does Empirical Methods mean?

According to the Oxford English Dictionary (2nd Edition, 1989), empiric is derived from the ancient Greek for experience, empirical data is information that is derived from the trials and errors of experience. In this way, the empirical method is similar to the experimental method. However, an essential difference is that in an experiment the different "trials" are strictly manipulated so that an inference can be made as to causation of the observed change that results. This contrasts with the empirical method of aggregating naturally occurring data.

Adding further confusion is another connotation of empiric. Strict empiricists are those who derive their rules of practice entirely from experience, to the exclusion of philosophical theory.

The Oxford English Dictionary further states that an empiric is "one who, either in medicine or in other branches of science, relies solely upon observation and experiment" [emphasis added]. In this case, an empiricist can be someone who conducts an experiment but without using a hypothesis to guide the process, i.e., strictly by the trial-and-error method. This is counter to one of the main tenets of the scientific method, that of the hypothetic-deductive method, where the manipulation of the variable in an experiment is dictated by the hypothesis being tested.

The empirical method is generally characterized by the collection of a large amount of data before much speculation as to their significance, or without much idea of what to expect, and is to be contrasted with more theoretical methods in which the collection of empirical data is guided largely by preliminary theoretical exploration of what to expect. The empirical method is necessary in entering hitherto completely unexplored fields, and becomes less purely empirical as the acquired mastery of the field increases. Successful use of an exclusively empirical method demands a higher degree of intuitive ability in the practitioner

(McGraw-Hill)

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7.0 How Empirical Method improve the Policy Making

In the policy analyzing part, the empirical method is giving its major inputs. The policy analyst are using various empirical methods for the analyzing part of the policy which is giving more statistical and also the practical analyzing report which Is very clearly understandable and also could be able to predict the things based on the empirical analysis techniques

In the analyzing part of the policy making the policy analyst collect vast set of relevant data and information of the particular policy issue Once the evidence is given properly in a methodological way the policy making part will be easy process

Because of the empirical method and absorption it in the poly analyzing will be a definite advantage and also enhance policy making process with the correct evidence of the relevant issue. Solution can be made according to the empirical result which will more practical and easy most of the time

There are number of techniques used by the policy analyst to make the maximum better out put used empirical methodologies which is concerning Time, Cost, decision support techniques and other well know function of the statistical analyzing methods many of the economical policy making process based on the empirical methods.

There are evidence can be stated for evidence based policy makings with the use of empirical methods

Good decision making is based on good data. Sample survey and experimental design techniques are aid in getting good data. Empirical methods, primarily statistical tools, are used in designing data capture, obtaining useful information from data, and presenting results convincingly to various audiences. Statistical tools include probability modeling and regression analysis. Statistical software enables empirical methods to be applied.

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8.0 Evidence

Some of the examples are stated below which are collected from the web

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TRANSPORT 2010: THE TEN YEAR TRANSPORT PLAN

BACKGROUND

In December 1999 DTLR began work to prepare a 10 Year Plan for Transport. The result, Transport 2010, was published in July 2000. This is a long term investment plan to transform Britain's transport systems, and to tackle the associated problems of congestion and pollution. In the past, a strategic approach to transport has been hampered by 'stop-start' funding associated with traditional Public Expenditure rounds.

APPROACH

DTLR took a long term look at the investment needs of the transport system, and linked it to the outcomes that the Government wished to achieve in policy terms. The Plan was drawn up as part of the Spending Review process (which looks at public spending over the coming three years) but looked further ahead over a 10 year period, and also took account of the potential contribution of the private sector given its importance in providing both infrastructure and services. A dedicated Task Force was set up to manage the process. The Plan built on an earlier comprehensive statement of policy set out in the Integrated Transport White Paper. Economic models were used to link public and private investment and other transport policy measures to outcomes over a 10 year period. The result was a programme of investment linked to firm Public Service Agreement (PSA) targets. The task of forecasting and predicting all the key relationships over a ten year period was a demanding task with uncertainty increasing towards the end of the period. The Plan had to make assumptions about the outputs that would flow from the proposed investment recognising that decisions would be taken by a number of different bodies following processes established by the White Paper to ensure an integrated approach. The Plan also looked at the impact of three illustrative scenarios for the costs of motoring over the 10 year period. Accompanying the publication of the Plan was The Background Analysis, a document setting out the assumptions and analysis underlying the Plan. There is an on-going commitment to maintain, monitor and review the Plan, and to take forward work to improve key aspects. The Commission for Integrated Transport has been asked to provide advice as part of the review process. To inform the review the Department's main transport model is being revised and expanded into a fully multi-modal model. This draws on the advice of outside consultants and on discussions with a wide range of outside experts and stakeholders.

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B E N E F I T S

The Plan provides a firmer foundation for investment in transport, linked to outcomes in 2010, and was successful in securing £180 billion of private and public investment over the ten year period. It provides the basis for monitoring, reviewing and evaluating progress against DTLR's PSA targets.

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DEFRA: WASTE AND RESOURCES ACTION PROGRAMME

BACKGROUND

UK Government is committed to significantly reducing the quantities of waste going to landfill, and increasing recycling. Delivering a sustainable increase in recycling without large and long-term government subsidy will rely on strong markets for recycled materials. However, many existing markets for recycled materials are already running at full capacity, and others are new, fragile or non-existent.

APPROACH

DEFRA has established Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP). This is a new, independent body, sponsored by government, to promote the development of markets for recycled materials. It is not an agency, nor a non-Departmental Public Body (NDPB), but a private company, flexible enough to operate in the private sector, but with checks and balances in place to ensure that the Government receives value for money from its sponsorship. It was recognized that the Government did not have the appropriate skills and understanding of working in a business environment to undertake the task itself. Also, as an independent company, WRAP will be well placed to attract private sector funding, and to use that funding to test out innovative financial mechanisms.

B E N E F I T S

Such an innovative and pioneering approach to a problem has meant that there was not a great deal of experience to draw on. However, this conversely meant that DEFRA had the freedom to work from a blank sheet, and the lack of established procedures meant that officials were able to operate more quickly and flexibly.

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DTI: RADIO SPECTRUM

BACKGROUND

Radio spectrum is the raw material on which mobile telephones, broadcasting and a bewilderingly wide range of other applications depend. It is a finite national resource with high economic value. However, until 1998, sitting tenants had no incentive to use more efficient and modern technology or to make way for entirely new users. This situation was transformed by the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1998.

APPROACH

In the interests of promoting more efficient use of the radio spectrum, a basic tenet of government administration was set aside - that the price of a license should reflect the cost of administering it. The Government was keen to adopt an approach that would unlock the economic value of the radio spectrum for the UK. It was also keen to allow companies to gain access to the spectrum they needed to exploit new technology and bring innovative services to UK businesses and citizens. To achieve these objectives, it was decided that licenses for the new 'Third Generation' mobile telephone services would be auctioned. The UK was the first country in the world to auction 3G licenses and the outcome 'astonished the telecommunications and financial sectors around the world'. The project was taken forward by a team of about 15 civil servants. Creativity was encouraged amongst the team '..and the standing agreement in the team was that in pursuing the published objectives, nothing was inherently unthinkable'. The team was supported by extensive and expensive external advice from bankers, lawyers, auction designers and technologists. The results more than justified this investment. An additional strength of the approach was the highly consultative process that was adopted, involving an inter-departmental steering group bringing together all the Whitehall interests. In addition, consultative machinery involving all the key industrial stakeholders was established to ensure transparency.

B E N E F I T S

The benefits of this approach were considerable and far-reaching. The first such auction of five licenses of spectrum to run next generation ('3G') mobile phone networks led to licenses being assigned to the operators who valued them most and would generate the greatest economic and consumer benefits. The licensees include a completely new entrant to the UK mobile telecommunications market, which will be good for competition and consumers. Furthermore, because the five licensees are highly motivated to build networks and grab market share, 'UK businesses and consumers

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will have advanced services here before most other countries. This would not have been achieved by a conventional approach'. Finally, the auction raised £22.5 billion for the Exchequer, although revenue was by no means the primary consideration. The proceeds have been used to reduce the National Debt and so will bring economic benefits long into the future.

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1 answer


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clotheslines clothespress cloudberries cloudinesses cloverleaves clownishness cloxacillins clubbinesses clumsinesses coacervation coadaptation coadjutrices coagulations coalescences coalitionist coarctations coarsenesses coauthorship cobblestoned cobblestones cocaptaining cocarcinogen cochairwoman cochairwomen cockeyedness cockfighting cockleshells cockneyfying cocksureness cocounseling cocounselled cocultivated cocultivates cocurricular codefendants codependence codependency codependents codevelopers codeveloping codicologies codification codirections codiscovered codiscoverer coeducations coefficients coelenterate coequalities coerciveness coercivities coevolutions coexistences coffeehouses coffeemakers cogeneration cogenerators cohabitation cohesionless cohesiveness cohomologies cohostessing coincidences coincidental coincidently coinsurances coleopterans coleopterist coleopterous collaborated collaborates collaborator collagenases collaterally collectables collectibles collectively collectivise collectivism collectivist collectivity collectivize collegiality collegiately collembolans collembolous collenchymas colligations collimations collinearity collocations colloquially collywobbles cologarithms colonialisms colonialists colonialized colonializes colonialness colonisation colonization colorfulness colorimeters colorimetric colorization columniation comanagement combinations combustibles comelinesses comeuppances comfortingly comicalities commandeered commanderies commandingly commandments commemorated commemorates commemorator commencement commendation commendatory commensalism commensurate commentaries commentating commentators commercially comminations comminutions commiserated commiserates commissarial commissariat commissaries commissioned commissioner committeeman committeemen commodifying commodiously commonalties commonnesses commonplaces commonwealth communalisms communalists communalized communalizes communicable communicably communicants communicated communicatee communicates communicator commutations companionate companioning companionway comparatists comparatives compartments compatriotic compellation compellingly compensating compensation compensative compensators compensatory competencies competitions compilations complacences complacently complainants complaisance complemental complemented completeness complexation complexified complexifies complexional complexioned complexities compliancies complicacies complicating complication complicities complicitous complimented componential comportments composedness compositions compoundable comprehended compressedly compressible compressions compromisers compromising comptrollers compulsively compulsivity compulsorily compunctions compunctious compurgation compurgators computations computerdoms computereses computerised computerises computerists computerized computerizes computerless computerlike computerniks comradeships concanavalin concatenated concatenates concealingly concealments concelebrant concelebrate concentering concentrated concentrates concentrator conceptacles conceptional conceptually concernments concertgoers concertgoing concertizing concessional concessioner concessively conchoidally conchologies conchologist conciliating conciliation conciliative conciliators conciliatory concinnities conclusively concomitance concomitants concordances concordantly concrescence concreteness concretizing concubinages concupiscent concurrences concurrently condemnation condemnatory condensation condescended conditionals conditioners conditioning condominiums condonations conductances conductivity conductorial conduplicate confabulated confabulates confabulator confectioner confederated confederates conferencing conferential conferrences confessional confidential confinements confirmation confirmatory confiscating confiscation confiscators confiscatory conflictions conformances conformation conformities confoundedly confusedness confutations congealments congelations congeniality congenitally conglobating conglobation conglomerate conglutinate congratulate congregating congregation congregators congruencies conidiophore conjecturers conjecturing conjugations conjunctions conjunctivae conjunctival conjunctivas conjunctives conjunctures conjurations connaturally connectional connectively connectivity connoisseurs connotations connubialism connubiality conquistador conscionable conscripting conscription consecrating consecration consecrative consecrators consecratory consecutions consensually consentingly consequences consequently conservation conservatism conservative conservatize conservators conservatory considerable considerably consignation consignments consistences consistently consistorial consistories consociating consociation consolations consolidated consolidates consolidator consonancies conspecifics conspectuses conspiracies conspiration conspirators constabulary constellated constellates consternated consternates constipating constipation constituency constituents constituting constitution constitutive constraining constricting constriction constrictive constrictors constringent constringing constructing construction constructive constructors consultation consultative consumerisms consumerists consumership consummately consummating consummation consummative consummators consummatory consumptions consumptives contagiously containerise containerize containments contaminants contaminated contaminates contaminator contemplated contemplates contemplator contemporary contemporize contemptible contemptibly contemptuous contentments conterminous contestation contextually contiguities contiguously continentals contingences contingently continuances continuation continuative continuators continuingly continuities continuously contrabasses contractible contractions contractures contradicted contradictor contraoctave contraptions contrapuntal contrariness contrariwise contrastable contraveners contravening contredanses contributing contribution contributive contributors contributory contriteness contrivances controllable controlments controverted controverter contumacious contumelious conurbations convalescent convalescing convectional conveniences conveniently conventicler conventicles conventional conventually convergences conversances conversation conversional convertibles conveyancers conveyancing conveyorised conveyorises conveyorized conveyorizes convincingly conviviality convocations convolutions convulsively cooperations cooperatives coordinately coordinating coordination coordinative coordinators copartnering copingstones copolymerize copperplates coppersmiths copresenting copresidents coprincipals coprocessing coprocessors coproduction coprophagies coprophagous coprophiliac coprophilias coprophilous coproprietor coprosperity copublishers copublishing copyrighting coquettishly coralberries cordialities corecipients corepressors corequisites coresearcher corespondent corkscrewing cornerstones cornhuskings cornstarches coronagraphs coronographs corporations corporatisms corporeality corporeities corpulencies correctional correctitude correctively correlatable correlations correlatives corresponded corroborated corroborates corroborator corrugations corruptively coruscations cosmetically cosmeticians cosmeticized cosmeticizes cosmochemist cosmogonical cosmogonists cosmographer cosmographic cosmological cosmologists cosmopolises cosmopolitan cosmopolites cosponsoring costermonger costlinesses cosurfactant cotoneasters cotransduced cotransduces cotransports cottonmouths cotyledonary coulometries councilmanic councilwoman councilwomen counsellings countability countenanced countenancer countenances counteracted counteragent counterargue counterblast counterblows countercheck counterclaim countercoups countercries counterfeits counterfired counterfires counterflows counterfoils counterforce counterimage countermands countermarch countermemos countermined countermines countermoved countermoves countermyths counteroffer counterorder counterpanes counterparts counterplans counterplays counterpleas counterplots counterploys counterpoint counterpoise counterposed counterposes counterpower counterpunch counterraids counterrally countershots countersigns countersinks counterspell counterspies counterstain counterstate countersteps counterstyle countersuing countersuits countertenor countertrade countertrend countervails counterviews counterworld countryseats countrysides countrywoman countrywomen courageously covariations covertnesses covetousness cowardliness crackbrained crackerjacks cracklewares craftinesses craftspeople craftsperson cragginesses craniofacial craniologies craniosacral craniotomies crankinesses crapshooters cravennesses creakinesses creaminesses creationisms creationists creativeness creativities creaturehood credentialed creditworthy creepinesses crematoriums crenelations crenellation crenulations creolization crepitations crescendoing criminalized criminalizes criminations crispinesses crisscrossed crisscrosses criticalness criticasters criticizable crocidolites crocodilians croquignoles crossability crossbanding crossbarring crossbearers crosscurrent crosscutting crosshatched crosshatches crosspatches crossruffing crucifixions crumminesses crustinesses cryopreserve cryosurgeons cryosurgical cryptanalyst cryptarithms cryptococcal cryptococcus cryptogamous cryptographs cryptography cryptologies cryptologist cryptomerias cryptorchids cryptorchism crystalizing crystallised crystallises crystallites crystallized crystallizer crystallizes crystalloids ctenophorans cuckooflower culminations culpableness cultivatable cultivations cumbersomely cumbrousness cumulatively cumulonimbus cunnilinctus cupellations cupronickels curabilities curarization curatorships curettements curmudgeonly currycombing cursednesses curtailments curveballing cuspidations cussednesses customhouses customshouse cutabilities cuttlefishes cyanogeneses cyanogenesis cyanogenetic cyanohydrins cybernations cybernetical cycadophytes cyclazocines cyclizations cyclodextrin cyclogeneses cyclogenesis cyclohexanes cyclonically cycloolefins cyclopaedias cyclopropane cycloserines cyclosporine cyclostyling cyclothymias cypripediums cyproterones cysticercoid cystoscopies cytochalasin cytochemical cytogenetics cytomembrane cytoskeletal cytoskeleton cytotaxonomy cytotoxicity czarevitches daintinesses damnableness damselfishes dappernesses daredeviltry daringnesses daughterless daunorubicin daydreamlike daylightings deacidifying deactivating deactivation deactivators deadlinesses deaminations deathwatches debarkations debaucheries debilitating debilitation debonairness debouchments debridements decaffeinate decalcifying decalcomania decantations decapitating decapitation decapitators decarbonated decarbonates decarbonized decarbonizer decarbonizes decarburized decarburizes decasyllabic decasyllable decelerating deceleration decelerators decemvirates decentralize decerebrated decerebrates decertifying dechlorinate decidability decimalizing decipherable decipherment decisiveness declamations declarations declassified declassifies declensional declinations decollations decolletages decolonizing decolorizers decolorizing decommission decompensate decomposable decompressed decompresses deconditions decongestant decongesting decongestion decongestive deconsecrate deconstructs decontrolled decoratively decorousness decorticated decorticates decorticator decreasingly decrementing decrepitated decrepitates decrepitudes decrescendos decussations deerstalkers deescalating deescalation defalcations defeminizing defenestrate defibrillate defibrinated defibrinates deficiencies definiteness definitional definitively definitizing deflagrating deflagration deflationary deflorations defoliations deforcements deformalized deformalizes deformations degeneracies degenerately degenerating degeneration degenerative deglaciation deglamorized deglamorizes deglutitions degradations degressively degringolade degustations dehumanizing dehumidified dehumidifier dehumidifies dehydrations deifications deionization dejectedness delaminating delamination delectations deliberately deliberating deliberation deliberative delicatessen delightfully delimitation delineations delinquently deliquescent deliquescing deliverances delocalizing delusiveness demagnetized demagnetizer demagnetizes demarcations dementedness demilitarize demimondaine demineralize demobilizing democratized democratizer democratizes demodulating demodulation demodulators demographers demographics demographies demolishment demonetizing demoniacally demonization demonologies demonologist demonstrable demonstrably demonstrated demonstrates demonstrator demoralizers demoralizing demurenesses demystifying denaturalize denaturation dendrologies dendrologist denervations denigrations denitrifiers denitrifying denominating denomination denominative denominators denouncement densitometer densitometry denticulated denuclearize denunciation denunciative denunciatory deontologies deontologist deoxidations deoxygenated deoxygenates deoxyriboses departmental dependencies depilatories depolarizers depolarizing depoliticize depolymerize depopulating depopulation deportations depositaries depositional depositories depravations depravedness depravements deprecations depreciating depreciation depreciative depreciators depreciatory depredations depressingly depressively depressurize deprivations deprograming deprogrammed deprogrammer deputization deracinating deracination derangements deregulating deregulation derelictions derepressing derepression derisiveness derivational derivatively derivatizing dermabrasion dermatitides dermatitises dermatologic dermatophyte derogatively derogatorily desacralized desacralizes desalinating desalination desalinators desalinizing descriptions desecrations desegregated desegregates desensitized desensitizer desensitizes deservedness desexualized desexualizes desiccations desiderating desideration desiderative designations desipramines desirability desirousness desolateness desolatingly despairingly desperations despisements despitefully despiteously despoilments despoliation despondences despondently despotically desquamating desquamation dessertspoon destabilized destabilizes destinations destitutions destructible destructions desulfurized desulfurizes detachedness detailedness detasselling detergencies deteriorated deteriorates determinable determinably determinants determinator determinedly determinisms determinists detestations dethronement detonability detoxicating detoxication detractively detrainments detribalized detribalizes detrimentals detumescence deuteranopes deuteranopia deuteranopic deuterations deuterostome devaluations devastations developments deverbatives deviationism deviationist devilishness devitalizing devitrifying devocalizing devotionally devoutnesses dextrorotary diabetogenic diabolically diageotropic diagnoseable diagnostical diagonalized diagonalizes diagrammable diagrammatic dialectician dialectology dialogically diamagnetism diamondbacks diaphanously diaphoretics diapositives diastereomer diastrophism diatessarons diatomaceous diatonically dibenzofuran dicarboxylic dichlorvoses dichotically dichotomists dichotomized dichotomizes dichromatism dichroscopes dicotyledons dictatorship dictionaries dictyosteles didactically didacticisms diencephalic diencephalon dietetically differencing differentiae differential difficulties diffractions diffusionism diffusionist difunctional digitalizing digitization diglycerides digressional digressively dilapidating dilapidation dilatability dilatational dilatometers dilatometric dilatoriness dilettantish dilettantism dillydallied dillydallies dilutenesses dimensioning dimercaprols dimerization diminishable diminishment diminutively dinucleotide dipeptidases diphosphates diphtheritic diphtheroids diphthongize diploblastic diplodocuses diplomatists dipsomaniacs dipterocarps directedness directnesses directorates directorship directresses disabilities disablements disaccharide disaccording disaccustoms disadvantage disaffecting disaffection disaffiliate disaffirming disaggregate disagreeable disagreeably disagreement disallowance disambiguate disannulling disappearing disappointed disapprovals disapprovers disapproving disarmaments disarranging disassembled disassembles disassociate disastrously disbandments disbelievers disbelieving disbowelling disburdening disbursement discerningly discernments discipleship disciplinary discipliners disciplining disclamation discographer discographic discomfiting discomfiture discomforted discommended discommoding discomposing discomposure disconcerted disconfirmed disconnected disconsolate discontented discontinued discontinues discordances discordantly discotheques discountable discouragers discouraging discourteous discoverable discrediting discreetness discrepantly discreteness discriminant discriminate discursively disdainfully diseconomies disembarking disembarrass disembodying disemboguing disemboweled disenchanted disenchanter disencumbers disendowment disentailing disentangled disentangles disenthralls disentitling disestablish disesteeming disfranchise disfunctions disfurnished disfurnishes disgruntling disguisement disgustfully disgustingly disharmonies disharmonize disheartened dishevelling dishonesties dishonorable dishonorably disillusions disincentive disinclining disinfectant disinfecting disinfection disinfestant disinfesting disinflation disingenuous disinherited disinhibited disintegrate disinterests disinterment disinterring disinvesting disjointedly disjunctions disjunctives disjunctures dislocations dislodgement dislodgments disloyalties dismalnesses dismembering dismissively disobedience disorderedly disorganized disorganizes disorientate disorienting dispensaries dispensation dispensatory dispersively dispiritedly displaceable displacement displeasures disportments dispositions dispossessed dispossesses dispossessor disputations disputatious disqualified disqualifies disquietudes disquisition disregardful disregarding disrelations disrelishing disremembers disreputable disreputably disrespected disruptively dissatisfied dissatisfies disseminated disseminates disseminator disseminules dissentients dissepiments dissertating dissertation dissertators disseverance disseverment dissimilarly dissimilated dissimilates dissimulated dissimulates dissimulator dissipatedly dissipations dissociating dissociation dissociative dissolutions dissuasively dissyllables dissymmetric distemperate distempering distillation distilleries distinctions distinctness distortional distractable distractedly distractible distractions distrainable distraughtly distributary distributees distributing distribution distributive distributors disturbances disturbingly disunionists disutilities ditchdiggers ditransitive diuretically divaricating divarication divergencies diversifiers diversifying diversionary diversionist diverticular diverticulum divertimenti divertimento divestitures dividendless divisibility divisionisms divisionists divisiveness divorcements doctrinaires documentable dodecahedral dodecahedron dodecaphonic doggednesses dogmatically dolomitizing dolorousness domestically domesticated domesticates domiciliated domiciliates dominatrices dominatrixes dopaminergic doppelganger dorsiventral dorsolateral dorsoventral doubleheader doublenesses doublespeaks doublethinks doubtfulness doughnutlike douroucoulis dovishnesses downloadable downshifting downwardness doxorubicins doxycyclines draftinesses draftsperson dramatically dramatizable dramaturgies drapeability dreadfulness dreadnoughts dreamfulness dreaminesses drearinesses dressinesses dressmakings drillability drillmasters drinkability driveability drivennesses droughtiness drowsinesses drumbeatings drysalteries dumbfounders dumbfounding dumortierite dunderheaded duodecillion duplications durabilities dwarfishness dyeabilities dynamometers dynamometric dynastically dysfunctions dysmenorrhea dysphemistic dysrhythmias earsplitting earthenwares earthinesses earthmovings earthshakers earthshaking earwitnesses eavesdropped eavesdropper ebulliencies eccentricity ecclesiastic ecclesiology echinococcus echolocation eclectically eclecticisms ecologically econometrics econometrist economically ecstatically ectoparasite ecumenically ecumenicisms ecumenicists ediblenesses edifications editorialist editorialize educatedness educationese educationist edulcorating edutainments effectuality effectuating effectuation effeminacies effeminately effervescent effervescing effetenesses efficacities efficiencies efflorescent efflorescing effortlessly effronteries effusiveness egalitarians egocentrisms egoistically eigenvectors einsteiniums eisteddfodau eisteddfodic ejaculations elaborations elasmobranch elasticities elatednesses elderberries electability electioneers electiveness electrically electricians electrifying electrocuted electrocutes electroforms electrogenic electrograms electrolyses electrolysis electrolytes electrolytic electrolyzed electrolyzes electrometer electrophile electrophori electroplate electroscope electroshock electrotonic electrotonus electrotyped electrotyper electrotypes eleemosynary elementarily elicitations eliminations elliptically elocutionary elocutionist elucidations elucubrating elucubration elutriations emancipating emancipation emancipators emargination emasculating emasculation emasculators embarcaderos embarkations embarrassing embattlement embellishers embellishing embezzlement embitterment emblazonment emblazonries emblematical emblematized emblematizes embolization embracements embrocations embroiderers embroideries embroidering embroilments embryogenies embryologies embryologist embryophytes emissivities emmenagogues emotionalism emotionalist emotionality emotionalize empathically emperorships emphatically emplacements empoisonment empowerments empressement emulsifiable enamorations enantiomeric enantiomorph encapsulated encapsulates encephalitic encephalitis enchainments enchantingly enchantments enchiridions encipherment encirclement encompassing encountering encrimsoning encroachment encrustation encumbrancer encumbrances encyclopedia encyclopedic endangerment endeavouring endemicities endocarditis endochondral endodermises endodontists endogenously endometrites endometritis endomorphies endomorphism endonuclease endoparasite endoperoxide endorsements endoskeletal endoskeleton endosymbiont endothelioma endothermies endotracheal enduringness energization enfeeblement enfeoffments enforcements enframements enfranchised enfranchises engarlanding engineerings engorgements engraftments engrossingly engrossments enhancements enjambements enlargements enlightening ennoblements enormousness enregistered ensanguining enshrinement enslavements ensorcelling entablatures entanglement enterobiases enterobiasis enterococcal enterococcus enterocoeles enterocoelic enterokinase enterostomal enterotoxins enterprisers enterprising entertainers entertaining enthrallment enthronement enthusiastic entirenesses entitlements entomofaunae entomofaunas entomologies entomologist entrainments entrancement entranceways entreatingly entreatments entrenchment entrepreneur entropically entrustments enucleations enumerations enunciations envelopments enviableness environments enzymologies enzymologist eosinophilia eosinophilic epeirogenies epexegetical ephemerality epicureanism epicuticular epicycloidal epidemically epidemiology epidiascopes epididymides epididymites epididymitis epiglottides epiglottises epigrammatic epigraphical epigraphists epileptiform epinephrines epiphenomena epiphytology epiphytotics episcopacies episiotomies episodically epistemology epistolaries epithalamion epithalamium epitheliomas epithelizing epoxidations equabilities equalitarian equalization equanimities equationally equestrienne equilibrants equilibrated equilibrates equilibrator equilibrists equilibriums equinoctials equipollence equipollents equiprobable equitability equivalences equivalently equivocality equivocating equivocation equivocators eradications erectilities ergastoplasm ergodicities erotizations erysipelases erythematous erythorbates erythroblast erythrocytes erythrocytic erythromycin erythrosines escapologies escapologist esoterically esotericisms espiegleries essentialism essentialist essentiality essentialize establishers establishing estheticians estheticisms estrangement eternalizing eternization ethanolamine etherealized etherealizes etherealness etherization ethicalities ethionamides ethnocentric ethnographer ethnographic ethnohistory ethnological ethnologists ethnoscience ethylbenzene etymological etymologised etymologises etymologists etymologized etymologizes eucalyptoles eucalyptuses euchromatins eudaemonisms eudaemonists eudaimonisms euhemeristic euphonically euphoniously euphorically eurythermous euthanatized euthanatizes evaginations evanescences evangelistic evangelizing evaporations evenhandedly eventfulness everblooming everlastings everydayness evidentially eviscerating evisceration evolutionary evolutionism evolutionist exacerbating exacerbation exactingness exaggerating exaggeration exaggerative exaggerators exaggeratory examinations exanthematic exasperating exasperation excavational excellencies exchangeable excitability exclamations exclusionary exclusionist exclusivisms exclusivists excogitating excogitation excogitative excoriations excrescences excrescently excruciating excruciation exculpations excursionist executioners executorship exemplifying exenterating exenteration exercitation exfoliations exhaustively exhaustivity exhibitioner exhilarating exhilaration exhilarative exhortations exiguousness exobiologies exobiologist exonerations exonucleases exopeptidase exophthalmic exophthalmos exophthalmus exorbitances exorbitantly exorcistical exoskeletons exoterically exothermally exoticnesses expansionary expansionism expansionist expatiations expatriating expatriation expatriatism expectancies expectations expectedness expectorants expectorated expectorates expediencies expediential expenditures experiencing experiential experimental experimented experimenter expertnesses explanations explantation explications explicitness exploitation exploitative explorations exponentials exportations expositional expostulated expostulates expressional expressively expressivity expropriated expropriates expropriator expurgations exsanguinate exsiccations extemporally extemporised extemporises extemporized extemporizer extemporizes extendedness extensometer extenuations exteriorised exteriorises exteriorized exteriorizes exterminated exterminates exterminator externalised externalises externalisms externalized externalizes exteroceptor extinguished extinguisher extinguishes extirpations extortionary extortionate extortioners extortionist extracranial extractively extraditable extraditions extrahepatic extralegally extralimital extralogical extramarital extramundane extramurally extramusical extraneously extranuclear extrapolated extrapolates extrapolator extrasensory extrasystole extratextual extrauterine extravagance extravagancy extravaganza extravagated extravagates extravasated extravasates extraversion extrications extroversion eyewitnesses fabrications fabulousness facelessness facilenesses facilitating facilitation facilitative facilitators facilitatory factionalism factiousness factitiously factualities fainthearted faintishness faithfulness fallaciously fallownesses familiarised familiarises familiarized familiarizes familiarness famousnesses fanaticizing fancifulness fanfaronades fantasticate fantasticoes fantasylands farsightedly farthingales fascicularly fasciculated fascinations fascioliases fascioliasis fashionables fastidiously fatherliness fathomlessly fatigability faultfinders faultfinding faultinesses fearlessness fearsomeness featherbrain featheredged featheredges featherheads featherlight fecklessness fecundations federalizing federatively feebleminded feeblenesses feistinesses felicitating felicitation felicitators felicitously fellmongered fellowshiped femalenesses feminineness femininities feminization femtoseconds fenestration fermentation fermentative ferricyanide ferrimagnets ferrocyanide ferromagnets ferrosilicon fertilizable fervidnesses festivalgoer festooneries fetoproteins feverishness fianchettoed fiberglassed fiberglasses fiberization fibreglasses fibrillating fibrillation fibrinolyses fibrinolysin fibrinolysis fibrinolytic fibroblastic fibronectins fibrosarcoma fibrositides fibrositises ficklenesses fictionalise fictionality fictionalize fictionizing fictitiously fiddlesticks fiendishness fiercenesses figuratively filibustered filibusterer filmsettings filthinesses fimbriations finalization fingerboards fingerpicked fingerprints finitenesses firecrackers firefighters fireproofing fissionables fitfulnesses flabbergasts flabbinesses flabelliform flaccidities flagellating flagellation flagitiously flamboyances flamboyantly flameproofed flameproofer flamethrower flammability flannelettes flashinesses flatteringly flatulencies flavoprotein flawlessness fleetingness fleshinesses flexographic flickeringly flimflammers flimflammery flimflamming flimsinesses flintinesses flocculating flocculation flocculators floodlighted floorwalkers floppinesses florescences floriculture floridnesses flowcharting fluctuations fluegelhorns fluffinesses fluidextract fluidization fluoresceins fluorescence fluorescents fluoridating fluoridation fluorimeters fluorimetric fluorinating fluorination fluorocarbon fluorochrome fluorography fluorometers fluorometric fluoroscoped fluoroscopes fluoroscopic fluorouracil fluphenazine flutterboard focalization folkloristic folksinesses folksingings folliculites folliculitis followership fomentations foodlessness foolhardiest footdraggers footfaulting footlamberts footlessness footsloggers footslogging footsoreness foraminifera foraminifers forbearances forbiddances forbiddingly forcefulness forcibleness forebodingly forecastable forecheckers forechecking foreclosures foregathered foregrounded forehandedly foremanships forensically foreordained forequarters forereaching foreshadowed foreshadower foreshortens foresightful forespeaking forestallers forestalling forestations forestaysail foreswearing forethoughts foretokening forgathering forgeability formaldehyde formalizable formalnesses formlessness formularized formularizer formularizes formulations fornications forthrightly fortresslike fortuitously foundational fountainhead fourdriniers fractionally fractionated fractionates fractionator fragmentally fragmentated fragmentates fragmentized fragmentizes frangibility frankfurters frankincense franklinites frankpledges fraternalism fraternities fraternizers fraternizing fraudulences fraudulently freakinesses freakishness freehandedly freestanding freethinkers freethinking freewheelers freewheeling freewritings frenchifying frenetically freneticisms frequentness friabilities fricasseeing frictionally frictionless friendliness frigidnesses friskinesses fritillarias fritillaries frizzinesses frontalities frontiersman frontiersmen frontispiece frontrunners frostbitings frostinesses frothinesses frozennesses fruitfullest fruitfulness fruitinesses frustrations fucoxanthins fugitiveness fulfillments fulgurations fuliginously fulminations funambulisms funambulists functionally functionless fundamentals fundraisings fungicidally furazolidone furtherances furunculoses furunculosis fusibilities fustigations futilenesses futilitarian futurologies futurologist gadzookeries galactorrhea galactosemia galactosemic galactosides gallbladders gallerygoers galligaskins gallinaceous gallinippers gallivanting galvanically galvanometer galvanoscope gamesmanship gamesomeness gametogenous gametophores gametophytes gametophytic gamopetalous ganglionated gangliosides gangsterdoms gangsterisms garishnesses garnisheeing garnishments gasification gastightness gastrocnemii gastronomies gastronomist gastroscopes gastroscopic gastrotrichs gastrulating gastrulation gauchenesses geanticlines gegenscheins gelatinizing gelatinously gemeinschaft gemmologists gendarmeries genealogical genealogists generalising generalities generalizers generalizing generalships generational generatrices generosities generousness gentlenesses gentleperson genuflecting genuflection geobotanical geobotanists geochemistry geographical geohydrology geologically geomagnetism geometrician geometrising geometrizing geophysicist geopolitical geopressured geoscientist geostrategic geosynclinal geosynclines geotechnical geothermally geriatrician germinations gerontocracy gerontocrats gerontologic gerrymanders gesellschaft gesticulated gesticulates gesticulator ghostwriters ghostwriting ghostwritten ghoulishness gibberellins giftednesses gigantically gillyflowers gingerbreads gingerbready gingerliness gingivectomy gingivitides gingivitises glaciologies glaciologist gladiatorial gladsomeness glamourizing glassblowers glassblowing glassinesses glassmakings glasspapered glassworkers glaucousness glioblastoma glitteringly globeflowers glockenspiel gloominesses gloriousness glossinesses glossolalias glossolalist glucokinases glucosamines glucosidases glucuronides glutaminases glutathiones glutethimide gluttonously glycerinated glycerinates glycogeneses glycogenesis glycopeptide glycoprotein glycosidases glycosylated glycosylates gnatcatchers goaltendings gobbledegook gobbledygook goddaughters godfathering goldbricking goldennesses gonadotropic gonadotropin goniometries googolplexes gooseberries goosefleshes goosegrasses gorgeousness gormandising gormandizers gormandizing gossipmonger gourmandises gourmandisms gourmandized gourmandizes governmental governorates governorship gracefullest gracefulness graciousness gradiometers graininesses granddaddies grandfathers grandiflorae grandifloras grandmasters grandmothers grandnephews grandparents grandstanded grandstander granitewares granodiorite granulations granulocytes granulocytic graphitizing graphologies graphologist graspingness grasshoppers gratefullest gratefulness gratifyingly gratuitously gratulations gravimetries gravitations greasepaints greaseproofs greasinesses greathearted grecianizing greedinesses greenbackers greenbackism greenfinches greengrocers greengrocery greenishness greenkeepers greenmailers greenmailing greenockites greenskeeper gregariously griddlecakes grievousness griseofulvin grislinesses grittinesses grogginesses grossularite grotesquerie groundbursts groundfishes groundlessly groundmasses groundsheets groundswells groundwaters groupuscules growlinesses grubbinesses gruesomeness grumpinesses guanethidine guaranteeing guardianship guesstimated guesstimates guilefulness guillotining guiltinesses guitarfishes gunslingings gunsmithings guttersnipes gutturalisms gymnosophist gynecocratic gynecologies gynecologist gynecomastia gyromagnetic haberdashers haberdashery habilitating habilitation habitability habitualness habituations hagiographer hagiographic hagiological hairbreadths haircuttings hairdressers hairdressing hairlessness hairsbreadth hairsplitter hairstylings hairstylists hallucinated hallucinates hallucinator hallucinogen hallucinoses hallucinosis halogenating halogenation haloperidols halterbreaks halterbroken hamantaschen hamstringing handbreadths handcrafting handednesses handfastings handholdings handicappers handicapping handicrafter handkerchief handrailings handsbreadth handsomeness handwringers handwringing handwritings handypersons happenchance happenstance haptoglobins harbingering harbormaster hardheadedly hardinggrass hardscrabble hardstanding harlequinade harmlessness harmonically harmonicists harmoniously harpsichords harquebusier harvesttimes hasenpfeffer hatchability headforemost headlessness headmistress headquarters headshrinker heartbreaker heartburning hearteningly hearthstones heartinesses heartrending heartstrings heartwarming heathenishly heathenizing heavenliness heavyhearted heavyweights hebdomadally hebephrenias hebephrenics hebetudinous hebraization hectographed hedgehoppers hedgehopping heedlessness heldentenors helicoptered heliocentric heliographed heliographic heliolatries heliolatrous heliotropism hellaciously hellgrammite helmsmanship helplessness hemangiomata hematogenous hematologies hematologist hematoxylins hemerocallis hemerythrins hemichordate hemihydrated hemihydrates hemimorphism hemodialyses hemodialysis hemodilution hemodynamics hemophiliacs hemoproteins hemorrhaging hemorrhoidal hemosiderins hemstitchers hemstitching henceforward henotheistic hepatomegaly heraldically herbicidally hereditament hereditarian hereditarily hereinbefore heritability hermeneutics hermetically hermeticisms heroicomical herringboned herringbones hesitatingly heteroauxins heterocercal heteroclites heterocycles heterocyclic heterodoxies heteroduplex heterodyning heteroecious heteroecisms heterogamete heterogamety heterogamies heterogamous heterogenies heterogenous heterogonies heterografts heterokaryon heterologous heteronomies heteronomous heterophylly heteroploids heteroploidy heterosexual heterotrophs heterotrophy heterozygote heterozygous hexadecimals hexahydrates hexaploidies hexobarbital hibernaculum hibernations hiddennesses hierarchical hierarchized hierarchizes hieratically hieroglyphic hierophantic highbrowisms highhandedly highlighters highlighting hindquarters hippienesses hippopotamus histaminases histogeneses histogenesis histogenetic histological histologists historically historicisms historicists historicized historicizes hoarsenesses hobblebushes hobbledehoys holidaymaker holistically hollandaises hollownesses holographers holographies holographing holophrastic holothurians homelessness homelinesses homeomorphic homeopathies homeothermic homeschooled homeschooler homesickness homesteaders homesteading hominization homogenising homogenizers homogenizing homoiotherms homoiousians homologating homologation homologizers homologizing homomorphism homonymously homopolymers homosexually homothallism homozygosity homozygously honeybunches honeycombing honeycreeper honeymooners honeymooning honeysuckles honorability hoodednesses hooliganisms hootenannies hopelessness hopscotching horizontally hornednesses hornlessness hornswoggled hornswoggles horrendously horribleness horridnesses horrifically horrifyingly horsefleshes horsemanship horseplayers horseshoeing horsewhipped horsewhipper horticulture hospitalised hospitalises hospitalized hospitalizes hotchpotches houseboaters housebreaker housecleaned housedresses housefathers householders househusband housekeepers housekeeping housemasters housemothers housepainter houseparents housepersons housesitting housewarming hucksterisms humanenesses humanitarian humanization humblenesses humbuggeries humification humiliations hummingbirds humorousness hungrinesses hydralazines hydrobiology hydrocarbons hydrocephaly hydrocolloid hydrocracked hydrocracker hydrodynamic hydrogenases hydrogenated hydrogenates hydrographer hydrographic hydrokinetic hydrological hydrologists hydrolysates hydrolyzable hydrolyzates hydromancies hydromedusae hydrometeors hydromorphic hydronically hydropathies hydrophobias hydroplaning hydroquinone hydrospheres hydrospheric hydrostatics hydrotherapy hydrothermal hydrotropism hydroxylases hydroxylated hydroxylates hydroxyureas hydroxyzines hygienically hygrophilous hymenopteran hymenopteron hyoscyamines hypabyssally hyperacidity hyperactives hyperarousal hyperbolical hyperbolists hyperbolized hyperbolizes hyperboloids hyperboreans hypercapnias hypercharged hypercharges hypercomplex hypercorrect hypercritics hyperendemic hyperexcited hyperextends hyperintense hyperkineses hyperkinesia hyperkinesis hyperkinetic hyperlipemia hyperlipemic hypermarkets hypermnesias hypermutable hyperostoses hyperostosis hyperostotic hyperphagias hyperplasias hyperplastic hyperpyrexia hyperreactor hyperrealism hyperrealist hypersthenes hypersthenic hypersurface hypertension hypertensive hyperthermia hyperthermic hyperthyroid hypertrophic hypertypical hyphenations hypnotherapy hypnotically hypnotizable hypocalcemia hypocalcemic hypochlorite hypochondria hypocoristic hypocritical hypocycloids hypodermises hypodiploidy hypoglossals hypoglycemia hypoglycemic hypokalemias hypolimnions hypostatized hypostatizes hypotensions hypotensives hypothalamic hypothalamus hypothecated hypothecates hypothecator hypothenuses hypothermias hypothesized hypothesizes hypothetical hypotonicity hypoxanthine hysterectomy hysterically ichthyofauna ichthyosaurs iconoclastic iconographer iconographic iconolatries iconological icosahedrons idealization ideationally identifiable identifiably ideographies ideologizing idiosyncrasy idolatrously idolizations ignitability ignobilities ignorantness illegalities illegalizing illegibility illegitimacy illegitimate illiberalism illiberality illiteracies illiterately illogicality illuminances illuminating illumination illuminative illuminators illusionisms illusionists illusiveness illusoriness illustrating illustration illustrative illustrators illuviations imaginations imbecilities imbibitional imbrications immaculacies immaculately immanentisms immanentists immaturities immeasurable immeasurably immemorially immensurable immethodical immigrations immobilities immobilizers immobilizing immoderacies immoderately immoderation immoralities immortalised immortalises immortalized immortalizer immortalizes immovability immunization immunoassays immunologies immunologist immutability imparadising impartations impartiality impassioning impeachments impenetrable impenetrably impenitences impenitently imperatively imperatorial imperceptive impercipient imperfection imperfective imperialisms imperialists imperilments imperishable imperishably impermanence impermanency impersonally impersonated impersonates impersonator impertinence impertinency imperviously impetiginous impetrations impingements impishnesses implantation implementers implementing implementors implications implicitness impoliteness imponderable imponderably importancies importations impoundments impoverished impoverisher impoverishes imprecations imprecisions impregnating impregnation impregnators impressively impressments imprisonment improperness improvements improvidence improvisator impudicities impuissances impurenesses imputability imputatively inaccessible inaccessibly inaccuracies inaccurately inactivating inactivation inactivities inadequacies inadequately inadmissible inadmissibly inadvertence inadvertency inapparently inappeasable inappetences inapplicable inapplicably inappositely inarticulacy inarticulate inattentions inaudibility inaugurating inauguration inaugurators inauspicious incalculable incalculably incalescence incandescent incandescing incantations incapability incapacitate incapacities incarcerated incarcerates incarnadined incarnadines incarnations incautiously incendiaries incendiarism incertitudes incessancies incestuously inchoateness inchoatively incidentally incinerating incineration incinerators incipiencies incisiveness incivilities inclemencies inclinations inclinometer incognizance incoherences incoherently incommodious incommutable incommutably incomparable incomparably incompatible incompatibly incompetence incompetency incompetents incompletely incomputable incomputably inconcinnity inconclusive inconformity incongruence inconsequent inconsistent inconsolable inconsolably inconsonance inconstantly inconsumable inconsumably incontinence incontinency inconvenient incorporable incorporated incorporates incorporator incorporeity incorrigible incorrigibly incorruption increasingly incrementing incriminated incriminates incrustation inculcations inculpations incumbencies incurvations incurvatures indebtedness indecisively indeclinable indecorously indefeasible indefeasibly indefectible indefectibly indefensible indefensibly indefinables indefinitely indehiscence indelibility indelicacies indelicately indemnifiers indemnifying indentations independence independency independents indicational indicatively indifference indifferency indigenizing indigenously indigestible indigestions indignations indirections indirectness indiscipline indiscreetly indiscretion indisputable indisputably indissoluble indissolubly indistinctly individually individuated individuates indivisibles indocilities indoctrinate indomethacin indorsements inducibility industrially inebriations ineffability ineffaceable ineffaceably inefficacies inefficiency inefficients inelasticity ineloquently inequalities inequivalved ineradicable ineradicably inessentials inexactitude inexistences inexpedience inexpediency inexperience inexpertness inexplicable inexplicably inexpressive inexpugnable inexpugnably inexpungible inextricable inextricably infanticidal infanticides infantilisms infantilized infantilizes infatuations infectiously infelicities infelicitous infestations infibulating infibulation infidelities infiltrating infiltration infiltrative infiltrators infiniteness infinitively inflammables inflammation inflammatory inflationary inflationism inflationist inflectional influentials infomercials informations infotainment infrequences infrequently infringement infundibular infundibulum infuriations infusibility ingatherings ingloriously ingratiating ingratiation ingratiatory ingratitudes ingurgitated ingurgitates inhabitation inhalational inharmonious inheritances inheritrices inheritrixes inhospitable inhospitably inhumanities iniquitously initializing innatenesses innervations innovational innovatively innumeracies inobservance inoculations inoperculate inordinately inosculating inosculation inquisitions insalubrious insanenesses insanitation inscriptions insecticidal insecticides insectivores insecureness insecurities inseminating insemination inseminators insentiences inseparables insightfully insinuations insipidities insistencies insobrieties insolubility insolubilize insolvencies insouciances insouciantly inspectorate inspirations inspissating inspissation inspissators installation installments instantiated instantiates instauration instigations instillation instillments institutions instructions instructress instrumental instrumented insufferable insufferably insufficient insufflating insufflation insufflators insularities insurability insurgencies insurrection intactnesses integrations intellection intellective intellectual intelligence intelligible intelligibly intemperance intenerating inteneration intensifiers intensifying intentnesses interactants interactions interallelic interbedding interborough intercalated intercalates intercepters intercepting interception interceptors intercession intercessors intercessory interchained interchanged interchanger interchanges interchannel intercluster intercoastal intercompany intercompare interconnect interconvert intercoolers intercostals intercountry intercourses intercropped intercrossed intercrosses interculture intercurrent intercutting interdealers interdepends interdicting interdiction interdictive interdictors interdictory interdiffuse interestedly interfacings interfaculty interference interfertile interfluvial interfolding interfusions intergeneric interglacial intergrading intergrafted intergrowths interinvolve interiorised interiorises interiorized interiorizes interjecting interjection interjectors interjectory interknitted interlaminar interlapping interlarding interlayered interleaving interlending interleukins interlibrary interlinears interlinings interlinking interlobular interlocking interlocutor intermarried intermarries intermeddled intermeddler intermeddles intermediacy intermediary intermediate intermeshing interminable interminably intermingled intermingles intermission intermitotic intermittent intermitters intermitting intermixture intermontane internalised internalises internalized internalizes interneurons internuclear internucleon internuncial internuncios interoceanic interoceptor interorbital interpellate interplanted interplaying interpleaded interpleader interpluvial interpolated interpolates interpolator interpreters interpreting interpretive interpsychic interregnums interrelated interrelates interrobangs interrogated interrogatee interrogates interrogator interrupters interrupting interruption interruptive interruptors interschools intersecting intersection intersegment intersensory interservice intersession intersociety interspacing interspecies interspersed intersperses interstadial interstation interstellar intersterile interstimuli interstitial interstrains interstrands intertidally intertillage intertilling intertwining intertwisted intervalleys intervention interviewees interviewers interviewing intervillage intervisible intervocalic interweaving interworking interwrought intestinally intimateness intimidating intimidation intimidators intimidatory intolerances intolerantly intonational intoxicating intoxication intracardiac intracardial intracompany intracranial intramurally intranasally intransigent intransitive intrapreneur intrapsychic intraspecies intrauterine intravitally intrepidness intriguingly introduction introductory introjecting introjection intromission intromittent intromitters intromitting introspected introversion introversive introverting intuitionism intuitionist intumescence intussuscept invaginating invagination invalidating invalidation invalidators invalidities invasiveness inveiglement inventorying inventresses invertebrate investigated investigates investigator investitures inveteracies inveterately invigilating invigilation invigilators invigorating invigoration invigorators invisibility invitational invitatories invocational involutional involvements invulnerable invulnerably inwardnesses ipecacuanhas irascibility iridescences iridescently iridologists ironicalness irradiations irrationally irredeemable irredeemably irredentisms irredentists irreformable irrefragable irrefragably irregardless irregularity irrelatively irrelevances irrelevantly irremediable irremediably irrepealable irresistible irresistibly irresolutely irresolution irresolvable irrespective irresponsive irreverences irreverently irreversible irreversibly irritability irritatingly irrotational isoantigenic isobutylenes isochronally isochronisms isodiametric isoenzymatic isolationism isolationist isomorphisms isoprenaline isothermally isotonically isotopically italianating italianising italianizing itemizations itinerancies itinerations jackanapeses jackasseries jackhammered jactitations jaggednesses japonaiserie jauntinesses jejunenesses jeopardising jeopardizing jesuitically jettisonable jitterbugged jocosenesses jocularities johnsongrass journalistic journalizers journalizing journeyworks joyfulnesses joyousnesses judgmentally judicatories jurisconsult jurisdiction jurisprudent juristically juvenescence juvenilities kaleidoscope karyokineses karyokinesis karyokinetic karyological katzenjammer keratinizing keratoplasty keratotomies ketosteroids keyboardists kilocalories kindergarten kindlinesses kinesthesias kinetochores kinetoplasts kinetoscopes kinglinesses kinnikinnick kitchenettes kitchenwares kleptomaniac kleptomanias klutzinesses kneecappings knightliness knottinesses knuckleballs knucklebones knuckleheads kremlinology kwashiorkors kymographies labanotation labiodentals laboratories labradorites labyrinthian labyrinthine lachrymators lachrymosely lachrymosity laciniations lacquerwares lacquerworks lacrimations lactalbumins lactobacilli laicizations lallygagging lamellicorns lamentations lammergeiers lammergeyers lamplighters lampooneries landholdings landlessness landlordisms landlubberly landscapists langbeinites langoustines languishment languorously laparoscopes laparoscopic laparotomies largehearted laryngectomy laryngitides laryngitises laryngoscope laryngoscopy lasciviously latchstrings lateralizing laterization latinization latticeworks laudableness launderettes laureateship lavishnesses lawbreakings lawfulnesses leachability leadennesses leapfrogging leaseholders leatherbacks leatherettes leathernecks leatherwoods lecithinases lectionaries lectureships legalization legerdemains legibilities legionnaires legislations legislatives legislatures legitimacies legitimately legitimating legitimation legitimatize legitimators legitimising legitimizers legitimizing lemongrasses lentiviruses leopardesses lepidopteran leprosariums leptocephali letterboxing letterspaces leukemogenic leukocytoses leukocytosis leukoplakias leukopoieses leukopoiesis leukopoietic leukotrienes levitational levorotatory lexicalities lexicalizing lexicography lexicologies lexicologist liberalising liberalistic liberalities liberalizers liberalizing libertarians libertinages libertinisms libidinously licentiously lickspittles lifeguarding lifelessness lifelikeness lifemanships lighthearted lightweights likabilities lilliputians limbernesses limelighting limitational limnological limnologists limpidnesses linebackings linebreeding linecastings linguistical lionizations lipoproteins liposuctions liquefaction liquidambars liquidations liquidnesses listenership listlessness literalistic literalities literalizing literariness literateness lithographed lithographer lithographic lithological lithospheres lithospheric lithotripter lithotriptor litterateurs littlenesses liturgically liturgiology livabilities livelinesses liverishness livetrapping livingnesses lixiviations lobotomising lobotomizing localization locationally locksmithing lockstitched lockstitches loganberries logicalities logistically logisticians lognormality lollapalooza lollygagging lonelinesses lonesomeness longitudinal longshoreman longshoremen longshorings longsomeness loosestrifes lopsidedness loquaciously lordlinesses loudspeakers lovabilities lovelessness lovelinesses lovelornness lovesickness lovingnesses lubberliness lubrications lubriciously lucubrations luftmenschen lugubriously lukewarmness luminescence luminiferous luminosities luminousness lumpectomies luncheonette lusciousness lustrousness luteotrophic luteotrophin luteotropins lycanthropes lycanthropic lymphoblasts lymphography lymphomatous lyophilising lyophilizers lyophilizing lysogenicity lysogenising lysogenizing lysolecithin macadamizing machicolated machinations mackintoshes macrocytoses macrocytosis macrofossils macrogametes macronuclear macronucleus macropterous mademoiselle madreporians madreporites madrigalists magisteriums magistracies magistrature magnetically magnetizable magnetograph magnetometer magnetometry magnetopause magnifically magnificence magniloquent maidenliness maidservants mainstreamed maintainable maintenances majestically majoritarian malacologies malacologist maladjustive malapertness malapropisms malapropists malcontented maledictions malefactions maleficences malevolences malevolently malfeasances malformation malfunctions malignancies malleability malnourished malnutrition malocclusion malodorously malpositions malpractices maltreatment malversation mammalogists mammographic managemental manageresses managerially managerships mandarinates mandarinisms mandolinists maneuverable manfulnesses manifestants manifestoing manifoldness manipulating manipulation manipulative manipulators manipulatory mannerliness manorialisms manslaughter mantelpieces manufactured manufacturer manufactures manumissions maquiladoras marathonings marginalized marginalizes marginations margraviates maricultures markednesses marketplaces marksmanship marlinespike marlinspikes marquessates marqueteries marquisettes marriageable marshalships marshinesses marshmallows marshmallowy masculinised masculinises masculinized masculinizes masqueraders masquerading mastectomies masterliness masterminded masterpieces mastersinger masterstroke mastications masturbating masturbation masturbators masturbatory matchmakings materialised materialises materialisms materialists materialized materializer materializes materialness maternalisms mathematical mathematized mathematizes matriarchate matriarchies matriculants matriculated matriculates maturational maximization meadowsweets meagernesses mealymouthed meaningfully measurements meatpackings mecamylamine mechanically mechanicians mechanizable medievalisms medievalists mediocrities meditatively meetinghouse megaloblasts megalomaniac megalomanias megaprojects megatonnages megavitamins melancholiac melancholias melancholics melancholies melanization melanoblasts melanophores meliorations mellownesses melodramatic membranously memorability memorialised memorialises memorialists memorialized memorializes memorization mendaciously mendeleviums mendicancies meningiomata meningitides meningococci menorrhagias menstruating menstruation mensurations meprobamates mercantilism mercantilist merchandised merchandiser merchandises merchandized merchandizes merchantable mercifulness mercurations meretricious meridionally meristematic meristically meritocratic merrymakings merrythought mesalliances mesencephala meshuggeners mesmerically mesocyclones mesomorphies mesophyllous mesothelioma mesothoraces mesothoracic mesothoraxes messeigneurs messiahships metabolizing metacentrics metacercaria metafictions metagalactic metagalaxies metalanguage metallically metallophone metallurgies metallurgist metalworkers metalworking metamorphism metamorphose metaphorical metaphysical metasequoias metasomatism metastasized metastasizes metathetical metathoraces metathoracic metathoraxes metencephala meteorically meteoritical meteorologic methacrylate methanations methaqualone methenamines methicillins methodically methotrexate methoxychlor methylamines methylations methysergide meticulosity meticulously metrications metrological metrologists metronomical metropolises metropolitan metrorrhagia microamperes microanalyst microanatomy microbalance microbiology microbrewers microbrewery microbrewing microcapsule microcephaly microcircuit microclimate microcrystal microculture microelement microfibrils microfilaria microfilmers microfilming microfossils microgametes micrographed micrographic microgravity microgrooves microhabitat microinjects micromanaged micromanager micromanages micromethods micronucleus microphonics microphysics micropipette microprogram microreaders microscopies microscopist microseconds microseismic microspheres microsporous microsurgery microtechnic microtonally microtubular microtubules microvillous microwavable micturitions middleweight midlatitudes mightinesses militantness militarising militaristic militarizing millenarians millesimally milliamperes millidegrees millihenries millilambert millimicrons millionaires milliradians milliseconds milquetoasts mimeographed mindednesses mindlessness mineralising mineralizers mineralizing mineralogies mineralogist minesweepers minesweeping miniaturists miniaturized miniaturizes minicomputer minimization ministration minnesingers minstrelsies minutenesses miraculously mirthfulness misaddressed misaddresses misadjusting misadventure misalignment misalliances misallocated misallocates misanthropes misanthropic misappraisal misapprehend misassembled misassembles misattribute misbalancing misbeginning misbehaviors misbelievers misbelieving misbuttoning miscalculate miscaptioned miscarriages miscataloged miscellanies miscellanist mischanneled miscitations miscomputing misconceived misconceiver misconceives misconducted misconnected misconstrued misconstrues miscreations misdemeanant misdemeanors misdescribed misdescribes misdeveloped misdiagnosed misdiagnoses misdiagnosis misdirecting misdirection misdivisions miseducating miseducation misemphasize misemploying misenrolling misericordes misesteeming misestimated misestimates misevaluated misevaluates misfeasances misfocussing misfunctions misgoverning misguidances misinferring misinforming misinterpret misinterring misjudgments misknowledge mislabelling misleadingly mislocations mismarriages misogynistic misorienting mispackaging misperceived misperceives misplacement mispositions misprogramed mispronounce misquotation misreckoning misrecording misreference misreferring misregisters misremembers misrendering misreporting misrepresent missiologies missionaries missionizers missionizing misspellings misstatement mistranslate mistreatment mitochondria mitogenicity mnemonically mobilization mockingbirds moderateness modernnesses modification modishnesses modulability modularities moisturising moisturizers moisturizing molestations molluscicide mollycoddled mollycoddler mollycoddles molybdenites monadelphous monastically monasticisms monetization moneylenders moneymakings mongrelizing monitorships monkeyshines monochromats monochromist monocrystals monocultural monocultures monodisperse monodramatic monofilament monogamously monogrammers monogramming monographing monolinguals monologuists monomaniacal monometallic monomorphism mononuclears mononucleate monophthongs monophyletic monopodially monopolising monopolistic monopolizers monopolizing monorchidism monospecific monosyllabic monosyllable monosynaptic monoterpenes monotheistic monotonicity monotonously monsignorial monumentally moonlighters moonlighting moralization morbidnesses morosenesses morphallaxes morphallaxis morphologies morphologist morphometric mortarboards motherboards motherhouses motherliness mothproofers mothproofing motionlessly motivational motivelessly motoneuronal motorboaters motorboating motorcycling motorcyclist motorization mountaineers mountainside mountaintops mountebanked mournfullest mournfulness mousetrapped mouthbreeder movabilities movelessness moviemakings mucilaginous mucopeptides mucoproteins muddleheaded mudslingings muliebrities mulishnesses mulligatawny multibillion multichannel multicolored multicourses multielement multiengines multifaceted multifarious multiformity multilateral multilayered multileveled multilingual multimegaton multimillion multinomials multinuclear multipartite multipicture multiplexers multiplexing multiplexors multiplicand multiplicity multiproblem multiproduct multipronged multipurpose multisensory multiservice multiskilled multispecies multistemmed multistoried multitasking multitowered multitracked multivalence multivalents multivariate multiversity multivitamin multivoltine multiwarhead municipality municipalize munificences munificently musculatures museological museologists musicalising musicalities musicalizing musicianship musicologies musicologist mutabilities mutagenicity mutationally mutinousness muttonfishes mycetomatous mycobacteria mycophagists mycoplasmata myeloblastic myelopathies myofibrillar myofilaments myoinositols myrmecophile mysteriously mystifyingly mythographer mythological mythologists mythologized mythologizer mythologizes mythomaniacs myxedematous namelessness naphthalenes naprapathies narcissistic narcolepsies narcoleptics narcotically narrownesses nasalization nationalised nationalises nationalisms nationalists nationalized nationalizer nationalizes nativenesses natriuretics naturalising naturalistic naturalizing naturopathic nauseatingly nauseousness navigability navigational nazification nebulization nebulosities nebulousness necessitated necessitates neckerchiefs necrological necrologists necromancers necromancies necrophagous necrophiliac necrophilias necrophilism necropolises needlefishes needlepoints needlessness needleworker negativeness negativistic negativities neglectfully negotiations negrophobias neighborhood neighbouring nematologies nematologist neoclassical neoorthodoxy neorealistic neostigmines nephelinites nephelinitic nephelometer nephelometry nephrologies nephrologist nephropathic nephrostomes netherworlds neurasthenia neurasthenic neuroanatomy neurobiology neurochemist neurofibrils neurofibroma neurohormone neurohumoral neuroleptics neurological neurologists neuropathies neuropeptide neuropterans neuropterous neuroscience neurosensory neurosurgeon neurosurgery neurotically neuroticisms neurulations neutralising neutralistic neutralities neutralizers neutralizing neutrinoless neutrophilic nevertheless newsmagazine newspapering newspaperman newspapermen newsweeklies newswritings niacinamides nickelodeons nicotinamide nidification nightclothes nightclubbed nightclubber nightdresses nightingales nightwalkers nimblenesses nimbostratus ninnyhammers nitrobenzene nitrogenases nitromethane nitrosamines noctambulist noisemakings nomenclators nomenclature nominalistic nomographies nonabsorbent nonacademics nonactivated nonaddictive nonadiabatic nonadmission nonaesthetic nonagenarian nonalcoholic nonalignment nonambiguous nonantigenic nonarbitrary nonarchitect nonarguments nonassertive nonattenders nonautomated nonautomatic nonbacterial nonbelievers nonbiologist nonbotanists nonbreakable nonbreathing nonbreedings nonbroadcast nonbuildings noncancerous noncandidacy noncandidate noncelebrity noncertified nonchalances nonchalantly noncharacter nonchemicals nonclassical nonclassroom nonclericals noncognitive noncollector noncollinear noncolorfast noncombatant noncombative noncommittal noncommitted noncommunist noncommunity noncompliant noncomplying noncomposers noncompounds nonconcurred nonconductor nonconformed nonconformer noncongruent nonconscious nonconstants nonconsumers nonconsuming noncorporate noncorroding noncorrosive noncountries noncoverages noncriminals noncrossover noncrushable noncustodial noncustomers nondeceptive nondecisions nondeductive nondeforming nondelegates nondemanding nondependent nondepleting nondepressed nondescripts nondiabetics nondirective nondisableds nondomestics nondominants noneconomist noneditorial noneducation noneffective nonelections nonelectives nonelectrics nonemergency nonemotional nonempirical nonemployees nonenzymatic nonessential nonevidences nonexclusive nonexecutive nonexistence nonexplosive nonfattening nonfeasances nonfederated nonfeminists nonfictional nonfinancial nonflammable nonflowering nonfluencies nonfrivolous nonglamorous nongraduates nonhappening nonhazardous nonhemolytic nonhospitals nonidentical nonimitative nonimmigrant noninclusion nonincumbent noninductive noninfective noninfluence noninitiates noninsurance noninterests nonintrusive nonintuitive nonirrigated nonlandowner nonlanguages nonlibrarian nonlibraries nonlinearity nonliterates nonmalignant nonmalleable nonmercurial nonmetameric nonmicrobial nonmigratory nonmilitants nonmolecular nonmotorized nonmunicipal nonmusicians nonnarrative nonnationals nonnecessity nonnegligent nonnormative nonnucleated nonnumerical nonnutritive nonobjective nonobservant nonoperating nonoperative nonoxidizing nonparallels nonparasitic nonpartisans nonpasserine nonperformer nonpetroleum nonphosphate nonphysician nonpoisonous nonpolitical nonpolluting nonpractical nonproducing nonpsychotic nonpurposive nonrealistic nonrecurrent nonrecurring nonredundant nonregulated nonrelatives nonreligious nonrenewable nonrepayable nonresidence nonresidency nonresidents nonresistant nonresponder nonresponses nonreusables nonruminants nonscheduled nonscientist nonsecretors nonsecretory nonsectarian nonselective nonsensitive nonsentences nonsocialist nonsolutions nonspherical nonsteroidal nonstrategic nonsuccesses nonsymmetric nontechnical nontemporals nonthinkings nontreatment nonturbulent nonunanimous nonunionized nonuniversal nonutilities nonvanishing nonviolences nonviolently nonvoluntary nonyellowing noradrenalin normalizable normotensive normothermia normothermic northeastern northeasters northernmost northwestern northwesters notabilities notarization noteworthily notification nourishments novelization nucleocapsid nucleophiles nucleophilic nucleoplasms nucleotidase numerologies numerologist numerousness numinousness numismatists nuptialities nutritionist nutritiously nympholeptic nymphomaniac nymphomanias oafishnesses oarsmanships obdurateness obfuscations objectifying objectivisms objectivists objurgations oblanceolate oblatenesses obligatorily obligingness obliterating obliteration obliterative obliterators obnubilating obnubilation obscurantism obscurantist obscurations obsequiously observations obsolescence obsoleteness obstetrician obstreperous obstructions obstructives obtusenesses occasionally occidentally occultations occupational oceanography oceanologies oceanologist ochlocracies octahedrally octapeptides octogenarian octosyllabic octosyllable odiousnesses odontoblasts officeholder officialdoms officialeses officialisms officiations offishnesses offscourings oleaginously oleandomycin oleoresinous olfactometer oligarchical oligochaetes oligophagies oligophagous oligopsonies oligotrophic omnipotences omnipotently omnipresence omnisciences omnisciently omnivorously oncogenicity oncornavirus onomastician onomatopoeia onomatopoeic onychophoran oophorectomy opalescences opalescently opaquenesses openhandedly operatically operationism operationist operatorless opinionative opportunisms opportunists opposability oppositeness oppositional oppressively optimalities optimisation optimization optometrists oratorically orchestrally orchestrated orchestrater orchestrates orchestrator orchidaceous ordinariness organicities organisation organization organoleptic organologies orientalisms orientalists orientalized orientalizes orientations orienteering originations orismologies ornamentally ornatenesses ornerinesses ornithologic ornithopters orographical oropharynges oropharynxes orotundities orthocenters orthodontias orthodontics orthodontist orthogeneses orthogenesis orthogenetic orthogonally orthographic orthopaedics orthopedists orthopterans orthopterist orthopteroid orthorhombic orthotropous oscillations oscillograms oscillograph oscilloscope osmolalities osmolarities ossification ostentations ostentatious osteoblastic osteoclastic osteogeneses osteogenesis osteological osteologists osteomalacia osteopathies osteoplastic osteoporoses osteoporosis osteoporotic osteosarcoma ostracoderms otherworldly otiosenesses otoscleroses otosclerosis outachieving outbalancing outbargained outbreedings outbuildings outcavilling outcompeting outcroppings outdatedness outdelivered outdesigning outdistanced outdistances outgeneraled outglittered outgoingness outintrigued outintrigues outlandishly outmaneuvers outnumbering outorganized outorganizes outperformed outplacement outpoliticks outpopulated outpopulates outpreaching outproducing outpromising outrageously outrebounded outreproduce outrivalling outsiderness outsourcings outsparkling outspreading outsprinting outstretched outstretches outstripping outthrobbing outthrusting outwrestling ovariotomies overabstract overabundant overachieved overachiever overachieves overactivity overanalyses overanalysis overanalyzed overanalyzes overarousals overarranged overarranges overasserted overbalanced overbalances overbleached overbleaches overborrowed overbrowsing overbuilding overburdened overcapacity overcastings overcautions overcautious overcharging overchilling overclaiming overclassify overcleaning overclearing overclouding overcoaching overcompress overconcerns overconsumed overconsumes overcontrols overcorrects overcounting overcramming overcritical overcropping overcrowding overdecorate overdesigned overdevelops overdirected overdiscount overdocument overdominant overdramatic overdressing overdrinking overeducated overeducates overemphases overemphasis overemphatic overenamored overengineer overenrolled overequipped overestimate overexciting overexercise overexerting overexertion overexpanded overexplains overexplicit overexploits overexposing overexposure overextended overfamiliar overfatigued overfatigues overfavoring overfocusing overfocussed overfocusses overfulfills overgarments overgenerous overgoverned overhandling overharvests overhuntings overidealize overidentify overindulged overindulges overinflated overinflates overinformed overinsuring overissuance overlaboring overlearning overlengthen overlighting overliterary overlordship overmanaging overmannered overmastered overmatching overmaturity overmedicate overmodestly overnighters overnighting overoperated overoperates overoptimism overoptimist overorganize overornament overpackaged overpackages overpayments overpedaling overpedalled overpeopling overpersuade overplanning overplanting overplotting overpopulate overpowering overpraising overpressure overprinting overproduced overproduces overprograms overpromised overpromises overpromoted overpromotes overprotects overreachers overreaching overreacting overreaction overregulate overreliance overreported overresponds oversanguine oversaturate overserviced overservices overshadowed overshooting oversimplify overslaughed oversleeping overslipping overspenders overspending overstaffing overstepping overstirring overstocking overstrained overstressed overstresses overstrewing overstridden overstriding overstriking overstuffing oversupplied oversupplies oversweetens overswinging overtaxation overthinking overthrowing overtightens overtraining overtreating overtrimming overtrumping overutilized overutilizes overvoltages overwatering overweighing overweighted overwhelming overwintered overwithheld overwithhold ovipositions owlishnesses oxalacetates oxaloacetate oxyacetylene oxygenations ozonizations ozonospheres pachysandras pacification pacificators packinghouse paddleboards paddlefishes paedogeneses paedogenesis paedogenetic paedomorphic painlessness painstakings paintbrushes palatability palatalizing palatialness paleobiology paleobotanic paleoecology paleographer paleographic paleontology paleozoology palindromist palingeneses palingenesis palingenetic palliatively pallidnesses palpitations paltrinesses palynologies palynologist pamphleteers panchromatic pancreatitis pancreozymin pancytopenia pandemoniums pansexuality pantechnicon pantisocracy pantographic pantomimists pantothenate paperhangers paperhanging paperinesses papermakings paperweights papyrologies papyrologist paraboloidal parachutists paradigmatic paradisaical paradisiacal paradropping paraesthesia paragraphers paragraphing paralanguage paraldehydes parallelisms parallelling paralyzation paralyzingly paramagnetic paramedicals parameterize parametrized parametrizes paramilitary paranoically paranormally paraphrasers paraphrasing paraphrastic parasailings parasiticide parasitising parasitizing parasitology paratactical parathormone parathyroids paratroopers paratyphoids parenchymata parenterally parenthesize paresthesias parfocalized parfocalizes parishioners parkinsonian parkinsonism parochialism paronomasias paronomastic parsimonious partialities participants participated participates participator particularly particulates partisanship partitioners partitioning partitionist partnerships parturitions parvoviruses pasqueflower pasquinading passacaglias passageworks passionately passivations pasteurising pasteurizers pasteurizing pastoralisms pastoralists pastoralness pasturelands patchinesses paternalisms paternalists paternosters pathbreaking pathetically pathfindings pathlessness pathobiology pathogeneses pathogenesis pathogenetic pathological pathologists patriarchate patriarchies pawnbrokings peacefullest peacefulness peacekeepers peacekeeping peacemakings peakednesses pearlescence peccadilloes pectinaceous pectinations pedantically pedestalling pediatrician pedunculated pejoratively pelargoniums penalization penetrations penetrometer penitentiary pennycresses pennyweights pennywhistle pensionaries pentagonally pentahedrons pentamidines pentapeptide pentathletes pentazocines pentlandites peradventure perambulated perambulates perambulator perceptional perceptively perceptivity perceptually perchlorates percipiences percipiently percolations percussively percutaneous peregrinated peregrinates peremptorily perennations perestroikas perfectively perfectivity perfidiously perforations performances performative performatory perfusionist pericarditis perichondral perichondria perilousness periodically periodontics periodontist perionychium peripatetics peripherally periphrastic peritoneally peritrichous perjuriously permanencies permanganate permeability permissively permittivity permutations perniciously perorational perpetrating perpetration perpetrators perpetuating perpetuation perpetuators perpetuities perphenazine perplexities persecutions perseverance perseverated perseverates persistences persistently personalised personalises personalisms personalists personalized personalizes personalties personations personifiers personifying perspectival perspectives perspicacity perspiration perspiratory persuasively pertinacious pertinencies perturbation perverseness perversities perviousness pestilential petitenesses petrifaction petrodollars petrogeneses petrogenesis petrogenetic petrographer petrographic petrological petrologists pettifoggers pettifoggery pettifogging phagocytized phagocytizes phagocytosed phagocytoses phagocytosis phagocytotic phanerophyte pharmacology pharmacopeia phenanthrene pheneticists phenocrystic phenological phenomenally phenotypical phentolamine philadelphus philanderers philandering philanthropy philatelists philharmonic philhellenes philhellenic philistinism phillumenist philodendron philological philologists philosophers philosophies philosophise philosophize phlebography phlebologies phlebotomies phlebotomist phonemically phonemicists phonetically phoneticians phonogrammic phonographer phonographic phonological phonologists phonotactics phosphatases phosphatides phosphatidic phosphatidyl phosphatized phosphatizes phosphaturia phospholipid phosphoniums phosphoresce phosphorites phosphoritic phosphoruses photobiology photocathode photochemist photochromic photocompose photocopiers photocopying photocurrent photodynamic photoengrave photoexcited photoflashes photogeology photographed photographer photographic photogravure photoinduced photoionized photoionizes photokineses photokinesis photokinetic photolyzable photomapping photometries photomontage photomosaics photonuclear photooxidize photoperiods photophobias photopolymer photoproduct photoreduced photoreduces photoresists photosetters photosetting photospheres photospheric photostating photostatted photosystems phototropism photovoltaic phragmoplast phrasemakers phrasemaking phrasemonger phreatophyte phrenologies phrenologist phycocyanins phycological phycologists phycomycetes phylacteries phyletically phylloclades phyllotactic phyllotaxies phylogenetic physiatrists physicalisms physicalists physicalness physiocratic physiognomic physiography physiologies physiologist phytoalexins phytochemist phytochromes phytohormone phytophagous phytosterols pickabacking pickaninnies pickerelweed picornavirus pictographic pictorialism pictorialist pictorialize picturephone pieceworkers pigeonholers pigeonholing piggybacking pigmentation pilgrimaging pilocarpines pinealectomy piroplasmata pisciculture pitchblendes pitchforking pitiableness pitilessness pittosporums placeholders placekickers placekicking placentation placidnesses plagiarising plagiaristic plagiarizers plagiarizing plagioclases plagiotropic plainclothes planetariums planetesimal planispheres planispheric planlessness planographic plantigrades plasmalemmas plasminogens plasmodesmas plasmogamies plasmolyzing plasterboard plasterworks plasticities plasticizers plasticizing plastocyanin platemakings platitudinal platonically platyrrhines plausibility playwritings pleasantness pleasantries pleasingness pleasureless plebeianisms plebiscitary plecopterans pleinairisms pleinairists pleiotropies pleochroisms pleomorphism plerocercoid pliabilities pliantnesses plotlessness pluckinesses plushinesses plutocracies pneumaticity pneumatology pneumococcal pneumococcus pneumographs pneumothorax pocketknives podophyllins podophyllums poeticalness pogonophoran poikilotherm pointillisms pointillists pointtillist polarimeters polarimetric polariscopes polariscopic polarization polarography polemicizing policyholder polioviruses politenesses politicalize politicising politicizing pollenosises pollinations pollinosises poltergeists polyalcohols polyanthuses polycentrism polychromies polychroming polycrystals polycythemia polycythemic polydisperse polyembryony polyethylene polygamizing polyglotisms polyglottism polygraphers polygraphist polyhedroses polyhedrosis polyhistoric polymerising polymerizing polymorphism polymorphous polyneuritis polypeptides polypeptidic polypetalous polyphenolic polyphyletic polyploidies polyrhythmic polyribosome polysorbates polystichous polystyrenes polysulfides polysyllabic polysyllable polysynaptic polysyndeton polytechnics polytheistic polytonality polyurethane polyvalences pomegranates pontifically pontificated pontificates pontificator popularising popularities popularizers popularizing populational populousness porcelainize porcelaneous pornographer pornographic porousnesses porphyropsin portcullises portentously porterhouses portlinesses portmanteaus portmanteaux portraitists portraitures positionally positiveness positivistic positivities positroniums possessional possessively postabortion postaccident postbiblical postcardlike postcolleges postcolonial postconquest postcoronary postdeadline postdelivery postdiluvian postdoctoral posteditings postelection posteriority posteruptive postexercise postexposure postfeminist postfracture postgraduate posthospital posthumously posthypnotic postimperial postischemic postliterate postmedieval postmidnight postmistress postneonatal postorgasmic postponement postposition postpositive postprandial postromantic poststimulus postsurgical postsynaptic posttensions postulancies postulations postvaccinal postvagotomy postworkshop potabilities potentiality potentiating potentiation potentiators powerbrokers practicality practitioner praetorships pragmaticism pragmaticist pragmatistic praiseworthy pralltriller prankishness praseodymium praxeologies preachifying preadmission preadmitting preallotting preamplifier preannounced preannounces preapproving prearranging preassembled preassigning prebendaries prebreakfast precanceling precancelled precancerous precariously precautioned precedencies precensoring precentorial preceptorial preceptories precertified precertifies precessional preciosities preciousness precipitable precipitance precipitancy precipitants precipitated precipitates precipitator precisionist preclearance preclusively precociously precognition precognitive precomputers precomputing preconceived preconceives preconcerted precondition preconscious predeceasing predecessors predeparture predesignate predestinate predestining predetermine prediabetics predicaments predications predictively predigesting predigestion predilection predischarge prediscovery predisposing prednisolone predominance predominancy predominated predominates preeclampsia preeclamptic preelections preemergence preeminences preeminently preemptively preestablish preexistence prefabricate preferential prefinancing prefocussing preformation preformatted preformulate pregnability pregnenolone prehensility prehistorian prehistories preignitions preinaugural preinduction preinterview prejudgments prelapsarian prelibations preliterates premalignant premaritally premarketing premarriages premaxillary premeasuring premeditated premeditates premeditator premenstrual premierships premigration premodifying premoistened premonishing premonitions premunitions prenominated prenominates prenotifying prenumbering preoccupancy preoccupying preoperative preordaining preovulatory prepackaging preparations preparatives preparedness preponderant preponderate preportioned prepositions prepossessed prepossesses preposterous prepotencies preppinesses preprocessed preprocesses preprocessor preprogramed prepuberties prepubescent prepurchased prepurchases prequalified prequalifies prerecession prerecording preregisters prerehearsal prerequiring prerequisite prerogatived prerogatives presbyterate presbyterial presbyterian presbyteries prescheduled preschedules preschoolers prescreening prescription prescriptive preselecting preselection presentation presentative presentenced presentences presentiment presentments preservation preservative preshrinking presidencies presidential presignified presignifies preslaughter prespecified prespecifies pressureless pressurising pressurizers pressurizing presterilize prestressing prestructure presumptions presumptuous presupposing presweetened pretensioned pretermitted pretreatment prettinesses prevaricated prevaricates prevaricator preveniently preventative preventively previousness previsionary previsioning pridefulness priestliness priggishness primateships primitivisms primitivists primogenitor primordially princeliness principality printability printmakings prioritizing prissinesses privatdocent privatdozent privateering prizefighter prizewinners prizewinning probabilisms probabilists probationary probationers problematics proboscidean proboscidian procarbazine procathedral procedurally processional processioned proclamation proclivities proconsulate procreations proctodaeums proctologies proctologist proctorships procurations procurements prodigiously productional productively productivity profanations professional professorate professorial professoriat proficiently profiteering profiteroles profligacies profligately profoundness profundities progesterone progestogens proglottides prognathisms programmable programmatic programmings progressions progressives prohibitions projectional projectively prolegomenon proletarians proletariats proliferated proliferates prolifically prolificness prologuizing prolongation promontories promptitudes promptnesses promulgating promulgation promulgators pronephroses pronominally pronouncedly pronucleuses proofreaders proofreading propaedeutic propagandist propagandize propagations propensities propernesses propertyless prophetesses prophethoods prophylactic propitiating propitiation propitiators propitiatory propitiously proportional proportioned propositions propoxyphene propranolols proprietress prorogations prosauropods proscription proscriptive prosecutable prosecutions proselytised proselytises proselytisms proselytized proselytizer proselytizes prosobranchs prosodically prosopopoeia prospectuses prosperities prosperously prostacyclin prosthetists prostituting prostitution prostitutors prostrations protactinium protagonists protectively protectorate protectories proteinurias protensively proteoglycan protestation prothalamion prothalamium prothalluses prothonotary prothrombins protocolling protohistory protomartyrs protonations protonematal protophloems protoplanets protoplasmic prototrophic prototypical protozoology protractions protrusively protuberance proudhearted provableness proveniences proverbially providential provincially provisionals provisionary provisioners provisioning provocateurs provocations provocatives prudentially prussianised prussianises prussianized prussianizes psephologies psephologist pseudoallele pseudocyeses pseudocyesis pseudomonads pseudomorphs pseudonymity pseudonymous pseudopodial pseudopodium pseudorandom psychedelias psychedelics psychiatries psychiatrist psychoactive psychobabble psychodramas psychographs psychologies psychologise psychologism psychologist psychologize psychometric psychopathic psychosexual psychosocial psychotropic psychrometer psychrometry pteridophyte pteridosperm pterodactyls publications publicnesses pugnaciously pulchritudes pullulations pulverizable pumpernickel pumpkinseeds punchinellos punctuations punitiveness purblindness purification purificators purificatory puristically purplehearts purposefully pussyfooters pussyfooting pustulations putrefaction putrefactive putrescences puzzleheaded pyrargyrites pyridoxamine pyrocatechol pyroelectric pyrogenicity pyromaniacal pyromorphite pyrophyllite pyrotechnics pyrotechnist quacksalvers quadrangular quadraphonic quadrennials quadrenniums quadricepses quadrillions quadriphonic quadriplegia quadriplegic quadrivalent quadrumanous quaintnesses qualmishness quantifiable quantitating quantitation quantitative quantization quarantining quarterbacks quarterdecks quarterfinal quartersawed quarterstaff quaternaries quaternities quattrocento queasinesses questionable questionably questionless quicksilvers quinquennial quinquennium quintessence quintillions quirkinesses quislingisms quitclaiming quixotically quizzicality rabbinically racemization racetrackers racewalkings racketeering racquetballs radicalising radicalizing radiobiology radiocarbons radiochemist radioecology radioelement radiographed radiographic radioisotope radiolabeled radiolarians radiological radiologists radiolucency radiometries radiomimetic radionuclide radiotherapy radiothorium radiotracers raggednesses railroadings rakishnesses rambouillets rambunctious ramification rampageously rancidnesses randomnesses ranunculuses rapscallions rarefactions rataplanning ratatouilles rathskellers ratification ratiocinated ratiocinates ratiocinator rationalised rationalises rationalisms rationalists rationalized rationalizer rationalizes rationalness rattlebrains rattlesnakes ravenousness razzmatazzes reaccelerate reaccessions reaccredited reacquainted reactivating reactivation reactiveness reactivities readableness readdressing readjustable readjustment readmissions reafforested reaggregated reaggregates realignments realizations reallocating reallocation realpolitiks reanimations reannexation reappearance reappointing reapportions reappraisals reappraising rearticulate reasonlessly reassemblage reassemblies reassembling reassertions reassessment reassignment reassumption reassurances reassuringly reattachment reattempting reattributed reattributes reauthorized reauthorizes rebelliously rebroadcasts recalcitrant recalculated recalculates recalibrated recalibrates recanalizing recantations recapitalize recapitulate receivership recentnesses recentrifuge receptionist recertifying recessionals recessionary rechallenged rechallenges rechanneling rechannelled rechargeable rechartering rechristened recidivistic reciprocally reciprocated reciprocates reciprocator recirculated recirculates recklessness reclamations reclassified reclassifies recognitions recognizable recognizably recognizance recollecting recollection recolonizing recombinants recommencing recommending recommission recommitment recommittals recommitting recompensing reconceiving reconception reconcilable recondensing reconditions reconfigured reconfigures reconfirming reconnecting reconnection reconnoiters reconnoitred reconnoitres reconquering reconsecrate reconsidered reconstitute reconstructs recontacting recontouring reconversion reconverting reconveyance reconvicting reconviction reconvincing recordations recreational recriminated recriminates recrudescent recrudescing recruitments recultivated recultivates recumbencies recuperating recuperation recuperative redecorating redecoration redecorators rededicating rededication redefinition redeliveries redelivering redemptioner redeployment redepositing redescribing redetermined redetermines redevelopers redeveloping redigestions redintegrate redirections rediscounted rediscovered rediscussing redisplaying redissolving redistilling redistribute redistricted reducibility reductionism reductionist redundancies reduplicated reduplicates reeducations reembroiders reemergences reemphasized reemphasizes reemployment reenactments reencounters reenergizing reengagement reengineered reenlistment reenthroning reequipments reescalating reescalation reestimating reevaluating reevaluation reexperience reexpressing refashioning reflationary reflectances reflectional reflectively reflectivity reflectorize reformations reformatting reformulated reformulates refortifying refoundation refractively refractivity refractories refractorily refrainments refreshening refreshingly refreshments refrigerants refrigerated refrigerates refrigerator refurbishers refurbishing refurnishing regardlessly regeneracies regenerately regenerating regeneration regenerative regenerators regionalisms regionalists regionalized regionalizes registerable registration regressively regressivity regularities regularizing regurgitated regurgitates rehabilitant rehabilitate rehumanizing rehydratable rehydrations rehypnotized rehypnotizes reidentified reidentifies reifications reimbursable reimplanting reimposition reimpression reincarnated reincarnates reindictment reinfections reinflations reinhabiting reinitiating reinjections reinnervated reinnervates reinoculated reinoculates reinsertions reinspecting reinspection reinstalling reinstituted reinstitutes reinsurances reintegrated reintegrates reinterprets reinterviews reintroduced reintroduces reinventions reinvestment reinvigorate reiterations rejuvenating rejuvenation rejuvenators rekeyboarded relacquering relandscaped relandscapes relationally relationship relativistic relativities relativizing relentlessly reliableness relicensures religionists religionless relinquished relinquishes reliquefying relubricated relubricates reluctancies reluctations remaindering remediations rememberable remembrancer remembrances remigrations remilitarize reminiscence remissnesses remobilizing remoistening remonetizing remonstrance remonstrants remonstrated remonstrates remonstrator remorsefully remortgaging remotenesses remotivating remotivation removability remunerating remuneration remunerative remunerators remuneratory renaissances renaturation rencountered rendezvoused rendezvouses renegotiable renegotiated renegotiates renewability renographies renominating renomination renormalized renormalizes renouncement renovascular renunciation renunciative renunciatory reoccupation reoccurrence reoperations reorganizers reorganizing reorientated reorientates reoutfitting reoxidations repartitions repatriating repatriation repatterning repellencies repercussion repercussive repetitional repetitively rephotograph replacements replantation replastering replenishers replenishing replications repolarizing repopularize repopulating repopulation repositioned repositories repossessing repossession repossessors reprehending reprehension reprehensive representers representing repressively repressurize reprimanding repristinate reprivatized reprivatizes reproachable reprobations reprocessing reproducible reproducibly reproduction reproductive reprograming reprogrammed reprographer reprographic reprovisions republishers republishing repudiations repugnancies repurchasing reputability reputational requalifying requirements requisitions reradiations reregistered reregulating reregulation rescheduling rescindments researchable researchists resegregated resegregates resemblances resensitized resensitizes resentencing reservations reservedness resettlement resignations resignedness resiliencies resistlessly resocialized resocializes resolidified resolidifies resoluteness resoundingly respectables respectfully respectively respirations respirometer respirometry resplendence resplendency responsively responsories ressentiment restabilized restabilizes restatements restaurateur restimulated restimulates restitutions restlessness restorations restoratives restrainable restrainedly restrengthen restrictedly restrictions restrictives restructured restructures resubmission resubmitting resurrecting resurrection resuscitated resuscitates resuscitator resynthesize retaliations retardations reticulately reticulating reticulation reticulocyte retightening retinotectal retiringness retractility retransforms retranslated retranslates retrenchment retributions retroactions retrocession retrodicting retrodiction retrodictive retrofitting retroflexion retrogradely retrograding retrogressed retrogresses retrospected retroversion retroviruses reunionistic reupholsters revaccinated revaccinates revalidating revalidation revalorizing revaluations revegetating revegetation revengefully reverberated reverberates reversionary reversioners revictualing revictualled revisionisms revisionists revitalising revitalizing revivalistic reviviscence rhabdocoeles rhabdomancer rhapsodizing rhetorically rhetoricians rheumatology rhinoceroses rhinoscopies rhinoviruses rhizoctonias rhizospheres rhododendron rhodomontade rhombohedral rhombohedron rhythmically ribbonfishes ribonuclease ricochetting ridiculously rightfulness rigorousness risibilities risorgimento roadblocking roadholdings robotization robustiously robustnesses rockabillies rockhounding rodenticides rodomontades roisterously romanization romantically romanticised romanticises romanticisms romanticists romanticized romanticizes rootednesses rootlessness ropedancings rotogravures rottennesses rottenstones rotundnesses roughcasting roughhousing rowanberries rubbernecked rubbernecker rubefacients rubrications ruefulnesses ruggednesses ruminatively rumormongers rustications rustproofing ruthlessness sabermetrics saccharified saccharifies saccharinity saccharoidal sacculations sacerdotally sacramentals sacrednesses sacrilegious saddlecloths sadistically safecrackers safecracking safeguarding safekeepings sailboarding sailboatings salabilities salamandrine salesmanship salespersons salinization salinometers sallownesses salpiglosses salpiglossis saltimboccas salubriously salutariness salutational salutatorian salutatories salutiferous salvationism salvationist sanctimonies sanctionable sandblasters sandblasting sandpainting sandpapering sanguinarias sanguinarily sanguineness sanguinities sanitization sansculottes sansculottic sansevierias saponifiable saprophagous sarcomatoses sarcomatosis sarcoplasmic sardonically sardonicisms sarsaparilla satisfaction satisfactory satisfyingly sauerbratens saurischians savagenesses savorinesses saxophonists scabrousness scaffoldings scandalising scandalizing scandalously scantinesses scapegoating scapegoatism scarabaeuses scaramouches scarcenesses scaremongers scarifyingly scatological scatteration scatterbrain scattergoods scattergrams scatteringly sceneshifter scenographer scenographic schematizing schismatical schismatized schismatizes schistosomal schistosomes schizogonies schizogonous schizophrene schmaltziest schnorkeling scholarships schoolboyish schoolfellow schoolhouses schoolmaster schottisches schussboomer schwarmereis scintigraphy scintillated scintillates scintillator scissortails sclerenchyma sclerodermas sclerometers scolopendras scopolamines scorekeepers scornfulness scoutmasters scratchboard scratchiness screenwriter screwdrivers screwinesses scrimshander scrimshawing scripturally scriptwriter scrupulosity scrupulously scrutinising scrutinizers scrutinizing sculptresses sculpturally scuppernongs scurrilities scurrilously scurvinesses scuttlebutts scyphistomae scyphistomas seamlessness seamstresses searchlights secessionism secessionist secludedness secobarbital secretagogue secretariats secretionary sectarianism sectarianize sectionalism secularising secularistic secularities secularizers secularizing securenesses securitizing sedatenesses sedimentable seductresses sedulousness seemlinesses segmentation segregations seigniorages seismicities seismographs seismography seismologies seismologist seismometers seismometric selaginellas selectionist selectnesses seleniferous selenologies selenologist selflessness selfsameness semantically semanticists semeiologies semiabstract semiannually semiarboreal semicircular semiclassics semicolonial semicolonies semidarkness semideifying semidetached semidiameter semidominant semifinalist semifinished semiflexible semiliterate semilustrous semimetallic semimonastic semimystical seminiferous seminudities semiofficial semiological semiologists semioticians semioticists semipalmated semiparasite semiprecious semitrailers semitropical semiweeklies sempervivums sempiternity sempstresses senatorships senectitudes sensibleness sensitometer sensitometry sensorimotor sensualistic sensualities sensualizing sensuosities sensuousness sentinelling separability separateness separatistic septennially septentrions sepulchering sepulchrally sequaciously sequentially sequestering sequestrated sequestrates seraphically serenenesses sericultural sericultures serigraphers serigraphies seronegative seropositive seropurulent serotonergic serpentinely servanthoods serviceberry servicewoman servicewomen seventeenths severability severenesses sewabilities sexagenarian sexagesimals sexdecillion sextodecimos sextuplicate shabbinesses shacklebones shadowboxing shadowgraphs shadowgraphy shagginesses shamefacedly shamefulness shareability sharecropped sharecropper shareholders sharpshooter shatteringly shatterproof sheepberries sheepherders sheepherding sheepishness sheepshearer shellackings shellcracker shellfishery shellshocked shelterbelts shergottites shiftinesses shinplasters shipbuilders shipbuilding shipwrecking shirtdresses shirtsleeved shirtsleeves shittimwoods shoddinesses shortchanged shortchanger shortchanges shortcomings shortcutting shortsighted showmanships showstoppers showstopping shrewdnesses shrewishness shrievalties shrillnesses shuffleboard shuttlecocks sicklinesses sideslipping sidesteppers sidestepping sidetracking significance significancy silentnesses silhouetting silhouettist sillimanites silverfishes silverpoints silversmiths silviculture similarities simoniacally simpleminded simplenesses simplicially simplicities simulcasting simultaneity simultaneous sinfoniettas sinfulnesses singlenesses singlesticks singularized singularizes sinisterness sinusoidally siphonophore siphonostele skateboarder skeletonised skeletonises skeletonized skeletonizer skeletonizes skillessness skillfulness skimpinesses skinninesses skittishness skullduggery skyrocketing slanderously slanginesses slaphappiest slaughterers slaughtering slaughterous slaveholders slaveholding slavocracies sleazinesses sledgehammer sleepinesses sleepwalkers sleepwalking slenderizing sleuthhounds slickensides slightnesses slinkinesses slipperiness slipstreamed sloganeering sloppinesses slothfulness slovenliness sluggardness sluggishness slumgullions slumpflation slushinesses sluttishness smallclothes smallholders smallholding smarminesses smithsonites smoothnesses smorgasbords smudginesses smuttinesses snaggleteeth snaggletooth snappinesses snappishness snapshooters snapshotting sneakinesses snickersnees sniffinesses sniffishness sniperscopes snobbishness snollygoster snootinesses snottinesses snowboarders snowboarding snowmobilers snowmobiling snowmobilist snubbinesses sociableness sociobiology sociologeses sociological sociologists sociometries sockdolagers sockdologers soddennesses softheadedly solarization soldierships solemnifying solemnnesses solicitation solicitously solidaristic solidarities solifluction soliloquised soliloquises soliloquists soliloquized soliloquizer soliloquizes solitariness solmizations solubilising solubilities solubilizing somatologies somatomedins somatopleure somatostatin somatotropin sombernesses somersaulted somersetting somnambulant somnambulate somnambulism somnambulist somnifacient songstresses songwritings sonneteering sonographers sonographies sonorousness soothingness soothsayings sophisticate soporiferous sordidnesses soullessness soundproofed southeastern southeasters southernmost southernness southernwood southwestern southwesters spaceflights spacewalkers spacewalking spaciousness spaghettinis spanakopitas spanokopitas sparkplugged sparsenesses spasmolytics spasticities spatialities spatterdocks speakerphone speakerships spearfishing spearheading specialising specialistic specialities specializing speciational specifically speciosities speciousness spectaculars spectatorial spectrograms spectrograph spectrometer spectrometry spectroscope spectroscopy speculations speechifying speechlessly speechwriter speedballing speedboating speedinesses speedometers speleologies speleologist spellbinders spellbinding spendthrifts spermagonium spermathecae spermathecas spermatocyte spermatozoal spermatozoan spermatozoid spermatozoon spermophiles spessartines spessartites sphericities spheroidally spherometers spheroplasts sphingosines sphygmograph spiculations spiegeleisen spiffinesses spinnerettes spinsterhood spiritedness spiritlessly spiritualism spiritualist spirituality spiritualize spirochaetes spirometries spitefullest spitefulness splashboards splendidness splenomegaly spokespeople spokesperson sponginesses sponsorships spookinesses sporadically sporogeneses sporogenesis sportfishing sportfulness sportinesses sportiveness sportscaster sportswriter sporulations spotlessness spotlighting spottinesses sprachgefuhl spreadsheets sprightfully sprightliest springboards springhouses springwaters sprucenesses spunkinesses spuriousness squarenesses squarishness squirarchies squirrelling stablenesses stablishment stadtholders stagecoaches stagflations staggeringly stainability stakeholders stallholders stalwartness standardbred standardised standardises standardized standardizes standardless standpatters standpattism stapedectomy staphylinids starboarding startlements stationeries statistician statuesquely steadinesses stealthiness steamfitters steaminesses steamrollers steamrolling steatopygias steatopygous steatorrheas steelinesses steelmakings steelworkers steeplechase steeplejacks steerageways stenographer stenographic stenothermal stenotypists stepbrothers stepchildren stepdaughter stepfamilies stereographs stereography stereoisomer stereologies stereophonic stereopsides stereopticon stereoscopes stereoscopic stereotactic stereotypers stereotypies stereotyping sterlingness sternocostal sternutation sternutators stertorously stethoscopes stethoscopic stewardesses stewardships stichomythia stichomythic stickhandled stickhandler stickhandles stickinesses sticklebacks stigmasterol stigmatizing stilbestrols stimulations stinginesses stipulations stockbreeder stockbrokers stockbroking stockholders stockinesses stockinettes stockjobbers stockjobbing stockkeepers stocktakings stodginesses stomachaches stomatitides stomatitises stonecutters stonecutting stonemasonry stonewallers stonewalling stonyhearted storekeepers storminesses storyboarded storytellers storytelling stouthearted strabismuses straightaway straightbred straightedge straightened straightener straightness straitjacket straitnesses strandedness stranglehold strangulated strangulates straphangers straphanging strategizing stratigraphy stratocumuli stratosphere strawberries strawflowers streamliners streamlining streetlights streetscapes streetwalker strengthened strengthener streptococci streptolysin streptomyces streptomycin strictnesses stridulating stridulation stridulatory stridulously stringcourse stringencies stringhalted stringpieces stringybarks stripteasers strobilation stroboscopes stroboscopic stromatolite strontianite strophanthin structurally stubbornness studentships studiousness stuffinesses stupefaction stupefyingly stupendously stupidnesses sturdinesses stylizations subantarctic subarachnoid subauditions subbasements subcentrally subcommittee subcommunity subcomponent subconscious subcontinent subcontracts subculturing subcuratives subcutaneous subdebutante subdecisions subdirectors subdistricts subdividable subdivisions subdominants subeconomies subeditorial subepidermal suberization subglacially subinfeudate subintervals subirrigated subirrigates subjacencies subjectively subjectivise subjectivism subjectivist subjectivity subjectivize subjugations subjunctions subjunctives sublanguages sublibrarian sublicensing sublimations subliminally sublittorals subluxations submaxillary submergences submersibles submicrogram subminiature subministers submissively submultiples submunitions subnormality suboptimized suboptimizes suborbicular subordinated subordinates subordinator subornations subparagraph subpotencies subprincipal subprocesses subrogations subsatellite subsaturated subscription subsecretary subsentences subsequences subsequently subservience subserviency subsidiaries subsidiarily subsidiarity subsistences subsocieties subsonically subspecialty substantials substantiate substantival substantives substituents substituting substitution substitutive substructure subsumptions subtemperate subtenancies subterranean subthreshold subtlenesses subtotalling subtractions subumbrellas suburbanised suburbanises suburbanites suburbanized suburbanizes subvarieties subversively subvocalized subvocalizes succedaneous succedaneums successfully successional successively succinctness suddennesses sudoriferous sufficiently suffixations suffocations suffragettes sugarberries sugarcoating suggestively suitableness sulfadiazine sulfonamides sulfonations sulfonylurea sulfuretting sullennesses sulphurising sultrinesses summarizable summerhouses summersaults sunscreening superabounds superalterns superannuate superathlete superbitches superbnesses superbombers supercabinet supercargoes supercarrier supercenters supercharged supercharger supercharges superciliary supercilious superclasses supercluster supercoiling superconduct supercooling supercurrent superegoists superelevate supereminent superexpress supergravity supergrowths superhardens superheaters superheating superhelical superhelices superhelixes superheroine superhighway superhumanly superimposed superimposes superinduced superinduces superinfects superintends superlatives superlawyers supermarkets supermassive supernatants supernations supernatural supernatures superorganic superorgasms superovulate superpatriot superpersons superplastic superplayers superposable superpowered superpremium superprofits superquality superrealism superschools superscribed superscribes superscripts supersecrecy supersecrets supersedures supersellers supersensory supersession supersingers supersleuths superspecial superstardom superstation superstition superstratum superstrikes superstrings supersurgeon supersystems supertankers supervenient supervention supervisions superweapons supinenesses supplemental supplemented supplementer supplenesses supplicating supplication supplicatory suppositions suppositious suppressants suppressible suppressions suppurations supraliminal supraorbital supravitally supremacists suprematisms suprematists surefootedly surfboarders surfboarding surmountable surpassingly surprisingly surrealistic surrebutters surrejoinder surrendering surroundings surveillance surveillants survivalists survivorship susceptivity suspenseless suspensively suspensories suspicioning suspiciously suspirations sustentation sustentative susurrations suzerainties sveltenesses swaggeringly swainishness swallowtails swampinesses swankinesses swashbuckled swashbuckler swashbuckles sweaterdress sweatinesses sweepingness swelteringly swingletrees switchbacked switchblades switchboards swordplayers sycophancies sycophantish sycophantism syllabically syllabicated syllabicates syllabifying sylviculture symbolically symmetallism symmetrizing sympathetics sympathising sympathizers sympathizing symposiarchs synaestheses synaesthesia synaesthesis synaptically synaptosomal synaptosomes synarthroses synarthrosis synchroneity synchronical synchronised synchronises synchronisms synchronized synchronizer synchronizes synchroscope synchrotrons syncopations syncretising syncretistic syncretizing syndactylies syndactylism syndetically syndicalisms syndicalists syndications synecologies synergically synesthesias synonymities synonymizing synonymously synoptically synthesizers synthesizing systematised systematises systematisms systematists systematized systematizer systematizes systemically tabernacling tabernacular tachycardias tactlessness tagliatelles talebearings tangentially tangibleness taphonomists tarradiddles taskmistress tastefulness tautological tautomerisms tawdrinesses taxidermists teaspoonfuls teaspoonsful technetronic technicality technicalize technobabble technocratic technologies technologist technologize technophiles technophobes technophobia technophobic tectonically teenyboppers teeterboards teetotalisms teetotalists teetotallers teetotalling telecommuted telecommuter telecommutes telegramming telegraphers telegraphese telegraphies telegraphing telegraphist telemarketer telemetering telencephala teleological teleologists telephonists teleprinters teleutospore tellurometer telocentrics temperaments temperatures temporalized temporalizes tenabilities tendernesses tenderometer tendinitides tendinitises tendonitides tendonitises tenebrionids tensiometers tensiometric teratologies teratologist tercentenary tergiversate terminations terraforming terrestrials terribleness terrifically terrifyingly territorials tessellating tessellation testamentary testcrossing testimonials testosterone tetanization tetchinesses tetracycline tetradrachms tetragonally tetrahedrite tetrahedrons tetrahymenas tetrapyrrole tetrazoliums tetrodotoxin thalassaemia thalassemias thalassemics thalassocrat thalidomides thallophytes thallophytic thankfullest thankfulness thanksgiving thaumaturges thaumaturgic theatergoers theatergoing theatrically theistically thematically theobromines theocentrism theocratical theologising theologizers theologizing theophylline theoretician theorization theosophical theosophists therapeutics thereinafter thermalizing thermoclines thermocouple thermoformed thermographs thermography thermohaline thermolabile thermometers thermometric thermophiles thermophilic thermoscopes thermosphere thermostable thermostated thermostatic thermotactic thermotropic thievishness thimbleberry thimbleweeds thingamabobs thingamajigs thingumajigs thinkingness thiocyanates thioridazine thiosulfates thistledowns thitherwards thixotropies thoracically thorninesses thoroughbass thoroughbred thoroughfare thoroughness thoroughpins thoroughwort thoughtfully thousandfold thriftlessly thrombocytes thrombocytic thrombolytic thromboxanes throttleable throttlehold throughither throughother thumbtacking thunderbirds thunderbolts thunderclaps thundercloud thunderheads thunderingly thunderously thunderstone thunderstorm thymectomies thymectomize thyrotrophic thyrotrophin thyrotropins tibiofibulae tibiofibulas ticklishness ticktacktoes tigerishness timberdoodle timekeepings timelessness timelinesses timepleasers timeservings timocratical timorousness tinctorially tinsmithings tirelessness tiresomeness titaniferous titillations titleholders toastmasters tobacconists tobogganings tobogganists toddlerhoods togetherness toilsomeness tolbutamides tolerability tomfooleries tomographies tonelessness toothbrushes topdressings topicalities toploftiness topographers topographies topstitching torchbearers torrentially torridnesses tortuosities tortuousness totalisators totalitarian totalizators touchinesses tourbillions towardliness toxicologies toxicologist toxigenicity toxophilites traceability tracheitides tracheitises tracheophyte tracheostomy tracklayings trackwalkers tractability trademarking tradescantia tradespeople traditionary traducements tragediennes tragicomical trailblazers trailblazing trailbreaker trainability trainbearers traineeships traitoresses traitorously trajectories trampoliners trampolining trampolinist tranquilized tranquilizer tranquilizes tranquillest tranquillity tranquillize tranquilness transactions transaminase transceivers transcendent transcending transcribers transcribing transductant transduction transections transfecting transfection transferable transferases transference transferrers transferring transferrins transfigured transfigures transfixions transformers transforming transfusable transfusible transfusions transgressed transgresses transgressor transhipping transhumance transhumants transiencies transitional transitively transitivity transitorily translatable translations translocated translocates translucence translucency transmigrate transmission transmissive transmittals transmitters transmitting transmogrify transmontane transmutable transnatural transoceanic transpacific transparence transparency transpicuous transpierced transpierces transplanted transplanter transponders transpontine transportees transporters transporting transposable transsexuals transshaping transshipped transudation transuranics transuranium transvaluate transvaluing transversals transversely transvestism transvestite trapezohedra trapshooters trapshooting trashinesses traumatising traumatizing treatability tredecillion trellisworks tremendously trenchancies trendinesses trendsetters trendsetting trepanations trephination trepidations trestleworks triangularly triangulated triangulates tribespeople tribological tribologists tribulations tribuneships trichinizing trichlorfons trichlorphon trichologies trichologist trichomonads trichopteran trichotomies trichotomous trichromatic trickinesses trickishness trierarchies trifluralins trifoliolate trifurcating trifurcation triglyceride triglyphical trigonometry trilingually trimethoprim trimetrogons triphosphate triphthongal tripinnately triplicating triplication triplicities tristfulness trisyllables triturations triumphalism triumphalist triumphantly triumvirates trivialising trivialities trivializing trochanteral trochanteric trochophores trolleybuses trophallaxes trophallaxis trophoblasts trophozoites tropicalized tropicalizes tropological tropomyosins tropospheres tropospheric trothplights troublemaker troubleshoot truckmasters truculencies truncheoning trustability trustbusters trusteeships trustfulness trustinesses trustingness truthfulness trypanosomes trypsinogens tryptophanes tuberculated tuberculoses tuberculosis tuberosities tubocurarine tumefactions tumultuously tunabilities turbellarian turbidimeter turbidimetry turbidnesses turbocharged turbocharger turbulencies turgescences turgidnesses turpentining turtlenecked tweedinesses twelvemonths tympaniteses typefounders typefounding typesettings typewritings typicalities typification typographers typographies typographing tyrannically tyrannicides tyrannosaurs tyrothricins ubiquitously uglification ultimateness ultracareful ultracompact ultradistant ultraheating ultraleftism ultraleftist ultraliberal ultramarines ultramontane ultraprecise ultraradical ultrarealism ultrarealist ultrarefined ultraserious ultravacuums ultraviolent ultraviolets umbilication umbrageously unacceptable unacceptably unacclimated unaccredited unaccustomed unacquainted unadvertised unaffectedly unaffiliated unaffordable unaggressive unalleviated unambivalent unanalyzable unanswerable unanswerably unapologetic unappealable unappeasable unappeasably unappetizing unassailable unassailably unassociated unattainable unattenuated unattractive unattributed unauthorized unavailingly unbarricaded unbecomingly unbelievable unbelievably unbiasedness unblinkingly unblushingly unbreachable unbreathable unbridgeable uncalculated uncalibrated uncapturable uncelebrated uncensorious unchallenged unchangeable unchangeably unchangingly unchaperoned uncharitable uncharitably unchasteness unchastities unchivalrous unchristened unchronicled uncinariases uncinariasis uncirculated unclassified uncluttering uncoalescing uncoercively uncommercial uncommonness uncompelling uncomplacent uncompounded unconformity unconfounded unconjugated unconsidered unconstraint uncontracted uncontrolled unconvincing uncorrelated uncourageous uncovenanted uncritically unctuousness uncultivable uncultivated undecillions undeciphered undecomposed undefoliated undemocratic undependable underachieve underbellies underbidders underbidding underbrushes underbudding undercharged undercharges underclasses underclothes undercoating undercooling undercounted undercurrent undercutting underdrawers underexposed underexposes underfeeding underfunding undergarment undergirding undergrounds undergrowths underinsured underlapping underlayment underletting underlyingly underpayment underpinning underplaying underpowered underpricing underreacted underreports underrunning underscoring underselling undersheriff undershirted understaffed understating understeered understories understudied understudies undersurface undertakings undertenants underthrusts underutilize undervaluing underweights underwhelmed underwriters underwriting underwritten undesignated undesirables undetectable undetermined undigestible undiminished undiplomatic undischarged undiscovered undisputable undistracted undocumented undramatized unduplicated uneasinesses unecological uneconomical unembittered unemployable unemployment unencumbered unevennesses uneventfully unexpectedly unexpressive unexpurgated unfairnesses unfaithfully unfamiliarly unfastidious unfathomable unfertilized unflaggingly unflamboyant unflattering unforgivable unformulated unfortunates unfrequented unfriendlier unfruitfully ungainliness ungenerosity ungenerously ungentrified ungerminated unglamorized ungovernable ungracefully ungraciously ungratefully unhandsomely unharnessing unhealthiest unhesitating unhistorical unholinesses unhydrolyzed unhyphenated unhysterical unicamerally unidentified unifications unifoliolate uniformities unilaterally unillusioned unimaginable unimaginably unimportance unimpressive uninfluenced uninoculated uninstructed unintegrated uninterested unionisation unionization uniquenesses unironically unirradiated unisexuality unitarianism unitizations universalism universalist universality universalize universities unjustnesses unkennelling unkindliness unkindnesses unlawfulness unlikelihood unlikeliness unlikenesses unlistenable unloveliness unmanageable unmanageably unmanneredly unmarketable unmeasurable unmechanized unmercifully unmistakable unmistakably unmodernized unmoralities unmyelinated unnegotiable unnewsworthy unnilhexiums unnilpentium unnilquadium unnoticeable unnourishing unobservable unobstructed unobtainable unofficially unornamented unorthodoxly unoxygenated unparalleled unpardonable unpatentable unperceptive unpersuasive unpleasantly unpopularity unprejudiced unpretending unprincipled unprivileged unproductive unprofitable unprofitably unprogrammed unpronounced unpropitious unprosperous unpublicized unpunctuated unquenchable unquestioned unrealizable unreasonable unreasonably unrecognized unreconciled unrecyclable unredeemable unreflective unregenerate unregistered unreinforced unrelievedly unremarkable unremarkably unremembered unremorseful unrepeatable unreservedly unresolvable unresponsive unrestrained unrestraints unrestricted unreturnable unreviewable unrhetorical unripenesses unrulinesses unsanctioned unsatisfying unscientific unscramblers unscrambling unscriptural unscrupulous unsearchable unsearchably unseasonable unseasonably unseemliness unsegregated unsensitized unsettlement unsettlingly unsightliest unskillfully unsocialized unstableness unsteadiness unsterilized unstintingly unstoppering unstratified unstructured unsubsidized unsuccessful unsupervised unsurprising unsuspecting unsuspicious unsystematic untenability unthinkingly untidinesses untimeliness untouchables untowardness untranslated untruthfully unvaccinated unvanquished unventilated unverbalized unverifiable unwarinesses unwashedness unwaveringly unwieldiness unwontedness unworthiness unyieldingly upholsterers upholsteries upholstering uppercutting uppishnesses uppitinesses uppitynesses uproariously uprootedness upwardnesses urbanisation urbanization urbanologies urbanologist urediospores urethritides urethritises urethroscope uricotelisms urinogenital urochordates urolithiases urolithiasis usablenesses usefulnesses usufructuary usuriousness utilitarians utilizations uxoriousness vacantnesses vacationists vacationland vaccinations vacillations vacuolations vagabondages vagabondisms vaginismuses vainglorious valedictions valetudinary valorization valpolicella valuableness valvulitides valvulitises vanguardisms vanguardists vanquishable vaporishness vaporization vaporousness variableness varicosities variegations vasculatures vasculitides vasectomized vasectomizes vasoactivity vasodilation vasodilators vasopressins vasopressors vaticinating vaticination vaticinators vaudevillian vegetational vegetatively velarization velocimeters venerability venesections vengefulness venialnesses venipuncture venographies venomousness ventilations ventromedial veratridines veridicality verification vermiculated vermiculites vernacularly verticalness verticillate vesicularity vesiculating vesiculation vespertilian vesuvianites veterinarian veterinaries vexillologic vibraharpist vibraphonist viceroyships vichyssoises vicissitudes victoriously videographer vigilantisms vigintillion vigorousness vilification villainesses villainously vinaigrettes vinblastines vincristines vindications vindictively vinedressers vineyardists vinicultures vinification violableness violoncellos virginalists virtualities virtuosities virtuousness viruliferous viscoelastic viscometries viscosimeter viscountcies visibilities visitatorial vitalization viticultural viticultures vitrectomies vituperating vituperation vituperative vituperators vituperatory vivification viviparities viviparously vivisections vocabularies vocalization vocationally vociferating vociferation vociferators vociferously voicefulness voidableness volatileness volatilising volatilities volatilizing volcanically volcanologic volubilities voluminosity voluminously voluntarisms voluntarists voluntaryism voluntaryist volunteering volunteerism voluptuaries voluptuously votivenesses vulcanisates vulcanizates wainscotings wainscotting walkingstick wallpapering wallydraigle wantonnesses warehouseman warehousemen warmongering wastebaskets wastefulness watchdogging watchfulness watchmakings watercoolers watercourses watercresses waterflooded waterfowlers waterfowling waterinesses waterishness waterlogging watermanship watermarking waterproofed waterproofer waterskiings weaklinesses wearifulness weatherboard weathercasts weathercocks weatherglass weatherizing weatherproof weightlessly weightlifter weisenheimer welterweight westernising westernizing wharfmasters wheelbarrows wheelwrights wheezinesses whencesoever wherethrough wherewithals whiffletrees whigmaleerie whimsicality whippletrees whippoorwill whipstitched whipstitches whisperingly whitethroats whitewashers whitewashing wholehearted whoremasters whoremongers whortleberry wickednesses widowerhoods wienerwursts wifelinesses wildernesses wildfowlings windbreakers windjammings windlestraws windsurfings winglessness wintergreens wintrinesses wisecrackers wisecracking wisenheimers witchgrasses witenagemote witenagemots withdrawable withoutdoors withstanding wobblinesses woefulnesses wollastonite womanishness wondrousness wontednesses woodcarvings woodchoppers woodcuttings woodenheaded woodennesses woodshedding woodworkings woolgatherer woollinesses wordlessness wordsmithery workableness workaholisms workingwoman workingwomen worklessness workmanships workstations worshipfully worthinesses wrathfulness wretchedness wristwatches wrongfulness wunderkinder xanthophylls xerographies xerophytisms xiphisternum xylographers xylographies xylophonists yeastinesses yellowhammer yellowthroat yesternights youngberries youthfulness zillionaires zoantharians zoogeography zoologically zooplankters zooplanktons zoosporangia zootechnical zooxanthella zwitterionic zygapophyses zygapophysis zygomorphies

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