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The gadroon trim on the table edge added an elegant touch to the dining room decor.
2 answers
From the Scrabble dictionary:
dongola
dragoon
gadroon
goldarn
gondola
lardoon
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern -ADR--N. That is, seven letter words with 2nd letter A and 3rd letter D and 4th letter R and 7th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are:
gadroon
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern GAD-O--. That is, seven letter words with 1st letter G and 2nd letter A and 3rd letter D and 5th letter O. In alphabetical order, they are:
gadroon
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern GADR---. That is, seven letter words with 1st letter G and 2nd letter A and 3rd letter D and 4th letter R. In alphabetical order, they are:
gadroon
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 2 words with the pattern --DR-ON. That is, seven letter words with 3rd letter D and 4th letter R and 6th letter O and 7th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are:
gadroon
godroon
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 2 words with the pattern GA--O-N. That is, seven letter words with 1st letter G and 2nd letter A and 5th letter O and 7th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are:
gadroon
galloon
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 8 words with the pattern G--RO--. That is, seven letter words with 1st letter G and 4th letter R and 5th letter O. In alphabetical order, they are:
gadroon
garrons
garrote
garrots
godroon
gooroos
gunroom
gutrots
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 4 words with the pattern GA-RO--. That is, seven letter words with 1st letter G and 2nd letter A and 4th letter R and 5th letter O. In alphabetical order, they are:
gadroon
garrons
garrote
garrots
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern GADRO--. That is, seven letter words with 1st letter G and 2nd letter A and 3rd letter D and 4th letter R and 5th letter O. In alphabetical order, they are:
gadroon
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 3 words with the pattern G-D-OO-. That is, seven letter words with 1st letter G and 3rd letter D and 5th letter O and 6th letter O. In alphabetical order, they are:
gadroon
godhood
godroon
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 7 words with the pattern -A-ROO-. That is, seven letter words with 2nd letter A and 4th letter R and 5th letter O and 6th letter O. In alphabetical order, they are:
barroom
dayroom
gadroon
karroos
patroon
taproom
taproot
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 2 words with the pattern G-D-O-N. That is, seven letter words with 1st letter G and 3rd letter D and 5th letter O and 7th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are:
gadroon
godroon
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern GAD-OO-. That is, seven letter words with 1st letter G and 2nd letter A and 3rd letter D and 5th letter O and 6th letter O. In alphabetical order, they are:
gadroon
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 2 words with the pattern GA--OON. That is, seven letter words with 1st letter G and 2nd letter A and 5th letter O and 6th letter O and 7th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are:
gadroon
galloon
1 answer
Vintage 1883 FB Rogers Co Silver On Copper Silver Plated Cup & Creamer Vintage FB ROGERS Oval Bread Serving Tray Silver Plated Gadroon Border SILVER PLATED FB ROGERS TRAY GRAPES DESIGN TAUNTON MASS 8710 26 VINTAGE BEAUTIFUL HUGE FB ROGERS 1883 SILVER PLATED TRAY 8712.
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 18 words with the pattern --D--ON. That is, seven letter words with 3rd letter D and 6th letter O and 7th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are:
andiron
dudgeon
ecdyson
eidolon
enderon
endiron
eudemon
gadroon
godroon
gudgeon
madison
madzoon
midiron
midnoon
pidgeon
sadiron
vidicon
widgeon
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 16 words with the pattern -A--OON. That is, seven letter words with 2nd letter A and 5th letter O and 6th letter O and 7th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are:
balloon
bargoon
bassoon
cardoon
cartoon
gadroon
galloon
harpoon
jargoon
lampoon
lardoon
madzoon
matzoon
patroon
raccoon
rattoon
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 22 words with the pattern -A--O-N. That is, seven letter words with 2nd letter A and 5th letter O and 7th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are:
balloon
bargoon
bassoon
cardoon
cartoon
gadroon
galloon
hagborn
hagdown
harpoon
jargoon
lampoon
lardoon
madzoon
matzoon
pampoen
patroon
raccoon
rattoon
saxhorn
warworn
wayworn
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 27 words with the pattern GA--O--. That is, seven letter words with 1st letter G and 2nd letter A and 5th letter O. In alphabetical order, they are:
gabions
gaboons
gadroon
galiots
gallock
gallons
galloon
galloot
gallops
gallous
gallows
galoots
gamboge
gambols
gammock
gammons
garboil
garcons
garrons
garrote
garrots
garvock
gascons
gaseous
gaysome
gazooka
gazoons
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 48 words with the pattern G--R---. That is, seven letter words with 1st letter G and 4th letter R. In alphabetical order, they are:
gadroon
garrans
garrets
garring
garrons
garrote
garrots
garryas
gearbox
gearing
georgic
gharial
gharris
gheraos
gherkin
giardia
glareal
glarier
glaring
glorias
gloried
glories
glorify
glurges
gnarled
gnarred
godroon
goorals
goories
gooroos
gourami
gourdes
gourmet
guarana
guarani
guarded
guardee
guarder
guarish
guerdon
guereza
guerite
gunroom
gurrahs
gurrier
gurries
gutrots
gytrash
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 54 words with the pattern --D---N. That is, seven letter words with 3rd letter D and 7th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are:
abdomen
andiron
bedawin
bedeman
bedemen
bedgown
bedizen
bedouin
bodhran
bodikin
dudgeon
dudheen
ecdyson
eidolon
enderon
endiron
endogen
eudemon
gadroon
gadsman
gadsmen
goddamn
godroon
gudeman
gudemen
gudgeon
indamin
indican
indigen
indrawn
indulin
kidskin
ladykin
madison
madzoon
medusan
midiron
midnoon
midtown
oddsman
oddsmen
pidgeon
redrawn
redskin
rodsman
rodsmen
sadiron
sideman
sidemen
sudamen
undrawn
updrawn
vidicon
widgeon
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 63 words with the pattern -A---ON. That is, seven letter words with 2nd letter A and 6th letter O and 7th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are:
balloon
bargoon
baryton
bassoon
bastion
cabezon
caisson
caldron
camaron
campion
cantion
caption
cardoon
carrion
carryon
cartoon
caudron
caution
dalapon
daunton
faction
fashion
fauchon
gadroon
galleon
galloon
halcyon
hallion
hallyon
harpoon
jargoon
lampion
lampoon
lardoon
madison
madzoon
malison
mamelon
mansion
matzoon
paction
paillon
paragon
parison
passion
patroon
raccoon
rampion
rattoon
sabaton
sabayon
sacaton
sadiron
saffron
salamon
tachyon
taction
tampion
tardyon
waitron
warison
waveson
zacaton
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 93 words with the pattern G---O--. That is, seven letter words with 1st letter G and 5th letter O. In alphabetical order, they are:
gabions
gaboons
gadroon
galiots
gallock
gallons
galloon
galloot
gallops
gallous
gallows
galoots
gamboge
gambols
gammock
gammons
garboil
garcons
garrons
garrote
garrots
garvock
gascons
gaseous
gaysome
gazooka
gazoons
gealous
geckoes
genlock
gentoos
geogony
geology
gessoed
gessoes
gibbons
gibbose
gibbous
gibsons
giglots
gimmors
ginzoes
giocoso
gippoes
girlond
gjetost
glamors
glamour
glebous
glenoid
globoid
globose
globous
glonoin
glucose
glycols
glycose
gnomons
gobioid
godhood
godroon
godsons
gollops
gondola
googols
gooroos
gorcock
gorgons
gorsoon
gospoda
gosport
gossoon
goujons
granola
grayout
grisons
grumose
grumous
gryfons
guenons
guidons
gumboil
gumboot
gummose
gummous
gumwood
gunboat
gundogs
gunlock
gunport
gunroom
gustoes
gutrots
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 88 words with the pattern ---R-O-. That is, seven letter words with 4th letter R and 6th letter O. In alphabetical order, they are:
alerion
approof
barrios
barroom
bedroom
bourbon
bourdon
boxroom
cabrios
carrion
carryon
chariot
charpoy
charros
cheroot
chorion
churros
clarion
czardom
dayroom
disroot
embryon
embryos
estriol
evertor
fourgon
gadroon
gearbox
gheraos
godroon
gooroos
guerdon
gunroom
hairdos
heirdom
journos
karroos
legroom
maormor
moorlog
morrion
mudroom
murrion
myrrhol
orarion
outroop
outroot
overcoy
overdog
overgot
overhot
overjoy
oversow
overtop
patriot
patroon
pharaoh
pierrot
plerion
preriot
pterion
quartos
redroot
regroom
reproof
sheroot
soursop
sparrow
stardom
stereos
stertor
sunroof
sunroom
taproom
taproot
tearoom
thereof
thereon
thermos
tsardom
tzardom
vibrion
vibrios
vitriol
warrior
weirdos
whereof
whereon
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern ----NJ-. That is, seven letter words with 5th letter N and 6th letter J. In alphabetical order, they are:
basenji
6 answers
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 274 words with the pattern ---RO--. That is, seven letter words with 4th letter R and 5th letter O. In alphabetical order, they are:
acaroid
acerola
acerose
acerous
affront
agarose
agoroth
amarone
ambroid
amorosa
amoroso
amorous
android
aneroid
anurous
anyroad
approof
approve
araroba
asprout
astroid
barroom
barrows
becrowd
bedrock
bedroll
bedroom
bedrops
bedropt
begroan
beprose
betroth
bicrons
borrows
boxroom
burrows
caprock
caproic
carroch
carroms
carrots
carroty
cheroot
choroid
cirrose
cirrous
citrons
citrous
claroes
codrove
corrode
corrody
cowrote
cuprous
dacrons
dayroom
decrown
defrock
defrost
defroze
disrobe
disroot
diurons
embroil
embrown
emerods
emeroid
enfroze
engross
entrold
entropy
escrocs
escroll
escrols
escrows
estrone
estrous
eutropy
farrows
ferrous
fibroid
fibroin
fibroma
fibrose
fibrous
furrows
furrowy
gadroon
garrons
garrote
garrots
godroon
gooroos
gunroom
gutrots
hadrome
hadrons
hagrode
harrows
horrors
hotrods
hydroid
hydroma
hydrops
hydrous
hydroxy
hygroma
imbrown
improve
improvs
incross
ingross
ingroup
ingrown
introfy
introit
introld
introns
joyrode
karroos
labroid
labrose
ladrone
ladrons
latrons
lavrock
legroom
leprose
leprosy
leprous
ligroin
logroll
macrons
madrona
madrone
madrono
manrope
marrons
marrows
marrowy
matrons
matross
mevrous
microbe
microhm
microns
mikrons
mirrors
morrows
mudrock
mudroom
musrols
nacrous
naprons
narrows
natrons
necrose
negroes
negroid
negroni
neuroid
neuroma
neurone
neurons
nimrods
nitroso
nitrous
ochroid
ochrous
octrois
odorous
oloroso
onerous
operons
operose
outroar
outrock
outrode
outroll
outroop
outroot
outrope
outrows
padrone
padroni
parrock
parrots
parroty
patrols
patrons
patroon
payroll
perrons
petrols
petrous
pibroch
pierogi
pleroma
plerome
pogroms
pomroys
prerock
pyrrole
pyrrols
ramrods
rearose
recross
recrown
redroot
redrove
refront
refroze
regroom
regroup
regrown
regrows
reprobe
reproof
reprove
rewrote
rimrock
safrole
safrols
saprobe
sauroid
schrods
scirocs
sheroot
sorrows
sourock
sparoid
spiroid
sporoid
steroid
sterols
sucrose
sunroof
sunroom
synrocs
taproom
taproot
tarrock
tarrows
tearoom
terroir
terrors
tetrode
theroid
thorons
thyroid
tierods
tigroid
towrope
uberous
umbrose
umbrous
unbroke
uncross
uncrown
unfrock
unfroze
ungrown
unprops
unwrote
upbroke
upfront
upgrown
upgrows
uphroes
upprops
usurous
varroas
yarrows
zebroid
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 554 words with the pattern -A--O--. That is, seven letter words with 2nd letter A and 5th letter O. In alphabetical order, they are:
babools
baboons
baboosh
baccoes
backout
badious
bagworm
bailors
bailout
balboas
balcony
ballons
balloon
ballots
ballows
bamboos
bampots
bandogs
bandook
bandora
bandore
banjoes
bannock
barbola
bargoon
barhops
barlows
barroom
barrows
bartons
barwood
baryons
basions
bassoon
batboys
batfowl
batoons
bausond
bawcock
baywood
bazooka
bazooms
caboose
cachous
cacoons
cactoid
cahoots
callops
callose
callous
callows
calzone
calzoni
camboge
cameoed
camions
camoodi
campong
campout
camwood
candock
candors
candour
cannoli
cannons
cantons
cantors
canyons
canzona
canzone
canzoni
caprock
caproic
captors
carbons
carbora
carboys
cardons
cardoon
cargoed
cargoes
carhops
carioca
cariole
cariose
carious
carload
carlock
carlots
carnose
carpool
carport
carroch
carroms
carrots
carroty
cartons
cartoon
caseose
caseous
cashoos
cassock
cassone
castock
castoff
castors
castory
catboat
cathode
cathole
cathood
cations
catworm
caulome
dacrons
daddock
daemons
daglock
dagwood
dahoons
daikons
daimoku
daimons
dallops
daltons
damfool
damsons
dantons
dapsone
dariole
dawcock
daybook
dayboys
daylong
dayroom
daywork
earbobs
earcons
earlobe
earlock
earworm
factoid
factors
factory
fadeout
faggots
faggoty
fahlore
faitors
faitour
falcons
falloff
fallout
fallows
fandoms
fanfold
fanions
fantods
fantoms
fanwort
farmost
farrows
fathoms
fatsoes
fatuous
fatwood
fautors
gabions
gaboons
gadroon
galiots
gallock
gallons
galloon
galloot
gallops
gallous
gallows
galoots
gamboge
gambols
gammock
gammons
garboil
garcons
garrons
garrote
garrots
garvock
gascons
gaseous
gaysome
gazooka
gazoons
haboobs
haddock
hadrome
hadrons
haemoid
haemony
hagbolt
hagborn
hagdons
hagdown
hagrode
halloas
halloed
halloes
halloos
halloth
hallows
hambone
hammock
handoff
handout
hangout
hansoms
haploid
haplont
harbors
harbour
hardoke
harlots
harmony
harmost
harpoon
harrows
hassock
hattock
haubois
haveour
haviors
haviour
haycock
hayfork
hayloft
haymows
jailors
jamboks
jambone
jambool
jampots
jannock
jargons
jargony
jargoon
jarools
jawbone
jawhole
kagools
kampong
karaoke
karroos
karyons
kathode
kations
labroid
labrose
lactone
lactose
ladhood
ladrone
ladrons
lagoons
lamboys
lampoon
lapdogs
laptops
lapwork
lardons
lardoon
lassock
lassoed
lassoer
lassoes
latrons
lavrock
lawbook
laylock
macrons
maddock
madrona
madrone
madrono
madtoms
madwort
madzoon
mafiosi
mafioso
maggots
maggoty
magnons
mahjong
mahzors
mainors
mainour
mallows
maltols
maltose
mamboed
mamboes
mammock
mammons
mammoth
mampoer
mandola
mandoms
mandora
mangoes
mangold
manhole
manhood
manioca
maniocs
mannose
manrope
mantoes
marconi
margosa
marmose
marmots
maroons
marrons
marrows
marrowy
mascons
mascots
mastoid
matlows
matooke
matrons
matross
mattock
mattoid
matzohs
matzoon
matzoth
maypole
maypops
nacrous
naebody
naevoid
nandoos
nanooks
napooed
naprons
narcoma
narcose
nardoos
narrows
nasions
nations
natrons
nayword
oakmoss
oarlock
paddock
padlock
padrone
padroni
pakfong
paktong
pallone
pallors
palooka
pampoen
pandoor
pandora
pandore
pandour
pannose
pantons
pantoum
papoose
pappose
pappous
parboil
pardons
parkour
parlors
parlour
parlous
parrock
parrots
parroty
parsons
partons
partook
passout
pastors
patrols
patrons
patroon
paviors
paviour
pavlova
pawnors
payfone
payload
payroll
rabboni
raccoon
racloir
racoons
radioed
ragbolt
ragtops
ragwork
ragworm
ragwort
rainout
rakeoff
rameous
rampole
ramrods
ramsons
rancors
rancour
randoms
randons
rangoli
ransoms
raploch
rapport
raptors
rasbora
rathole
rations
ratoons
rattons
rattoon
raucous
ravioli
rawbone
saddoes
safrole
safrols
sailors
sallows
sallowy
salmons
saloons
saloops
saltoed
salvoed
salvoes
salvors
samfoos
samlors
sangoma
sanious
sannops
santols
santons
santoor
santour
saprobe
sapwood
sarcode
sarcoid
sarcoma
sarcous
sartors
sauroid
sautoir
saviors
saviour
sawlogs
saxhorn
tabloid
tabooed
tacnode
tadpole
tailors
takeoff
takeout
talbots
talcose
talcous
talions
tallols
tallots
tallows
tallowy
talooka
tambour
tampons
tandoor
tangoed
tannoys
tantony
taphole
tapioca
taproom
taproot
tarboys
tarpons
tarrock
tarrows
tatsois
tattoos
tattows
tautogs
vacuole
vacuous
vaivode
valgoid
valgous
vamoose
vanload
vanpool
variola
variole
various
varooms
varroas
vaudoos
vaudoux
wabooms
wadmoll
wadmols
waesome
waggons
wagsome
waivode
waiwode
waldoes
walkout
wallops
wallows
wandoos
wanhope
wanions
wantons
wardogs
warlock
warlord
warwolf
warwork
warworn
warzone
washout
waveoff
waxwork
waxworm
waygone
waypost
waywode
wayworn
wazzock
yarrows
yaupons
zampone
zamponi
1 answer
There is a HUGE variety of common moldings:
Astragal - semi-circular molding attached to one of a pair of especially fire doors to cover the air gap where the doors meet
Baguette - Thin, half-round molding, smaller than an astragal, sometimes carved, and enriched with foliages, pearls, ribbands, laurels, etc. When enriched with ornaments, it was also called chapelet.
Bandelet - Any little band or flat molding, which crowns a Doric architrave. It is also called a tenia.
Baseboard (USA), "base molding" or "skirting board" (UK Term) - used to conceal the junction of an interior wall and floor, to protect the wall from impacts and to add decorative features. A "speed base" makes use of a base "cap molding" set on top of a plain 1" thick board, however there are hundreds of baseboard profiles.
Batten or board and batten - a symmetrical molding that is placed across a joint where two parallel panels or boards meet
Bead molding - narrow, half-round convex molding, when repeated forms reeding
Beading or bead - molding in the form of a row of half spherical beads, larger than pearling Other forms: Bead and leaf, bead and reel, bead and spindle
Beak - Small fillet molding left on the edge of a larmier, which forms a canal, and makes a kind of pendant.
Bed molding - a narrow molding used at the junction of a wall and ceiling. Bed moldings can be either sprung or plain.
Bolection - a moulding which is raised, projecting proud of the face frame. It is located at the intersection of the different surface levels between the frame and inset panel on a door or wood panel. It will sometimes have a rebate (or rabbet) at the back, the depth of the difference in levels, so that it can lay over the front of both the face frame and the inset panel and can in some instances thus give more space to nail the moulding to the frame, leaving the inset panel free to expand or contract in varying climates, as timber is prone to do.
Cable molding or ropework - Convex molding carved in imitation of a twisted rope or cord, and used for decorative moldings of the Romanesque style in England, France and Spain and adapted for 18th century silver and furniture design (Thomas Sheraton)
Cabled fluting or cable - Convex circular molding sunk in the concave fluting of a classic column, and rising about one-third of the height of the shaft
Casing - Final trim or finished frame around the top, and both sides of a door or window opening
Cartouche (French) escutcheon) - framed panel in the form of a scroll with an inscribed center, or surrounded by compound moldings decorated with floral motifs
Cavetto - (Italian) cavare: "to hollow", concave, quarter-round molding sometimes employed in the place of the cymatium of a cornice, as in the Doric order of the theatre of Marcellus. It forms the crowning feature of the Egyptian temples, and took the place of the cymatium in many of the Etruscan temples.
Chair rail - horizontal molding placed part way up a wall to protect the surface from chair-backs, and used simply as decoration
Chamfer - beveled edge connecting two adjacent surfaces
Chin-beak - Concave quarter-round molding. There are few examples of this in ancient buildings, but is common in more recent times.
Corner guard - Used to protect the edge of the wall at an outside corner, or to cover a joint on an inside corner.
Cove molding or Coving - a concave-profile molding that is used at the junction of an interior wall and ceiling
Crown molding - a wide, sprung molding that is used at the junction of an interior wall and ceiling. General term for any molding at the top or "crowning" an architectural element.
Cyma - molding of double curvature, combining the convex ovolo and concave cavetto. When the concave part is uppermost, it is called a cyma recta but if the convex portion is at the top, it is called a Cyma reversa - The crowning molding at the entablature is of the cyma form, it is called a cymatium.
Dentils - Small blocks spaced evenly along the bottom edge of the cornice
Drip cap - this is placed over a door or window opening to prevent water from flowing under the siding or across the glass
Echinus - Similar to the ovolo molding and found beneath the abacus of the Doric capital or decorated with the egg-and-dart pattern below the Ionic capital[3]
Egg-and-dart - One of the most widely used classical moldings with egg shapes alternating with V-shapes and known from Ancient Greek temples (Erechtheion). Also: Egg and tongue, egg and anchor, egg and star
Fillet - small, flat band separating two surfaces, or between the flutes of a column
Fluting - Vertical, half-round grooves cut into the surface of a column in regular intervals, each separated by a flat astragal. This ornament was used for all but the Tuscan order
Godroon or Gadroon - Ornamental band with the appearance of beading or reeding, especially frequent in silverwork and molding. It comes from the Latin word Guttus, meaning flask. It is said to be derived from raised work on linen, applied in France to varieties of the, bead and reel, in which the bead is often carved with ornament.
Glass Moulding - used for trimming glass doors in cupbaords and windows.
Guilloche - Interlocking curved bands in a repeating pattern often forming circles enriched with rosettes and found in Assyrian ornament, classical and Renaissance architecture.
Keel molding - with a sharp edge, resembling in cross-section the keel of a ship. It is common in the Early English and Decorated styles.
Ovolo - Simple, convex quarter-round molding that can also be enriched with the egg-and-dart or other pattern
Neck molding
Picture rail - Functional molding installed 7-9 feet above the floor from which framed pictures and paintings are hung using picture wire and picture rail hooks. Primarily seen in older homes with plaster walls, as hammering in nails to hang pictures would damage the plaster. Furthermore, the plaster may not be strong enough to support a picture.
Rosette - Circular, floral decorative element found in Mesopotamian design and early Greek stele. Part of revival styles in architecture since the Renaissance.
Scotia - Concave molding with a lower edge projecting beyond the top and so used at the base of columns as a transition between two torus moldings with different diameters
Screen molding - this is a small molding that is used to hide the area where a screen is attached to the frame.
Shoe molding, toe molding or quarter-round - often used at the bottom of the baseboard to cover a small gap or uneven edge between the flooring and the baseboard.
Strapwork - Popular in England in 16th & 17th. centuries, used in plaster on ceilings, also sculpted in stone on exterior of buildings, e.g. around entrance doors. Also carved in wood, and used for topiary designs for parterres. Imitates thick lengths of leather straps applied to a surface to produce pattern of ribs in connected circles, squares, scrolls, lozenges etc.
Torus - Convex, semi-circular molding, larger than an astragal, often at the base of a column, which may be enriched with leaves or plaiting
Trim Molding - A general term used for moldings that are used to create added detail or cover up gaps. They can include corner moldings, cove moldings, rope moldings, quarter rounds, and accent moldings.
1 answer
There is a HUGE variety of common moldings:
Astragal - semi-circular molding attached to one of a pair of especially fire doors to cover the air gap where the doors meet
Baguette - Thin, half-round molding, smaller than an astragal, sometimes carved, and enriched with foliages, pearls, ribbands, laurels, etc. When enriched with ornaments, it was also called chapelet.
Bandelet - Any little band or flat molding, which crowns a Doric architrave. It is also called a tenia.
Baseboard (USA), "base molding" or "skirting board" (UK Term) - used to conceal the junction of an interior wall and floor, to protect the wall from impacts and to add decorative features. A "speed base" makes use of a base "cap molding" set on top of a plain 1" thick board, however there are hundreds of baseboard profiles.
Batten or board and batten - a symmetrical molding that is placed across a joint where two parallel panels or boards meet
Bead molding - narrow, half-round convex molding, when repeated forms reeding
Beading or bead - molding in the form of a row of half spherical beads, larger than pearling Other forms: Bead and leaf, bead and reel, bead and spindle
Beak - Small fillet molding left on the edge of a larmier, which forms a canal, and makes a kind of pendant.
Bed molding - a narrow molding used at the junction of a wall and ceiling. Bed moldings can be either sprung or plain.
Bolection - a moulding which is raised, projecting proud of the face frame. It is located at the intersection of the different surface levels between the frame and inset panel on a door or wood panel. It will sometimes have a rebate (or rabbet) at the back, the depth of the difference in levels, so that it can lay over the front of both the face frame and the inset panel and can in some instances thus give more space to nail the moulding to the frame, leaving the inset panel free to expand or contract in varying climates, as timber is prone to do.
Cable molding or ropework - Convex molding carved in imitation of a twisted rope or cord, and used for decorative moldings of the Romanesque style in England, France and Spain and adapted for 18th century silver and furniture design (Thomas Sheraton)
Cabled fluting or cable - Convex circular molding sunk in the concave fluting of a classic column, and rising about one-third of the height of the shaft
Casing - Final trim or finished frame around the top, and both sides of a door or window opening
Cartouche (French) escutcheon) - framed panel in the form of a scroll with an inscribed center, or surrounded by compound moldings decorated with floral motifs
Cavetto - (Italian) cavare: "to hollow", concave, quarter-round molding sometimes employed in the place of the cymatium of a cornice, as in the Doric order of the theatre of Marcellus. It forms the crowning feature of the Egyptian temples, and took the place of the cymatium in many of the Etruscan temples.
Chair rail - horizontal molding placed part way up a wall to protect the surface from chair-backs, and used simply as decoration
Chamfer - beveled edge connecting two adjacent surfaces
Chin-beak - Concave quarter-round molding. There are few examples of this in ancient buildings, but is common in more recent times.
Corner guard - Used to protect the edge of the wall at an outside corner, or to cover a joint on an inside corner.
Cove molding or Coving - a concave-profile molding that is used at the junction of an interior wall and ceiling
Crown molding - a wide, sprung molding that is used at the junction of an interior wall and ceiling. General term for any molding at the top or "crowning" an architectural element.
Cyma - molding of double curvature, combining the convex ovolo and concave cavetto. When the concave part is uppermost, it is called a cyma recta but if the convex portion is at the top, it is called a Cyma reversa - The crowning molding at the entablature is of the cyma form, it is called a cymatium.
Dentils - Small blocks spaced evenly along the bottom edge of the cornice
Drip cap - this is placed over a door or window opening to prevent water from flowing under the siding or across the glass
Echinus - Similar to the ovolo molding and found beneath the abacus of the Doric capital or decorated with the egg-and-dart pattern below the Ionic capital[3]
Egg-and-dart - One of the most widely used classical moldings with egg shapes alternating with V-shapes and known from Ancient Greek temples (Erechtheion). Also: Egg and tongue, egg and anchor, egg and star
Fillet - small, flat band separating two surfaces, or between the flutes of a column
Fluting - Vertical, half-round grooves cut into the surface of a column in regular intervals, each separated by a flat astragal. This ornament was used for all but the Tuscan order
Godroon or Gadroon - Ornamental band with the appearance of beading or reeding, especially frequent in silverwork and molding. It comes from the Latin word Guttus, meaning flask. It is said to be derived from raised work on linen, applied in France to varieties of the, bead and reel, in which the bead is often carved with ornament.
Glass Moulding - used for trimming glass doors in cupbaords and windows.
Guilloche - Interlocking curved bands in a repeating pattern often forming circles enriched with rosettes and found in Assyrian ornament, classical and Renaissance architecture.
Keel molding - with a sharp edge, resembling in cross-section the keel of a ship. It is common in the Early English and Decorated styles.
Ovolo - Simple, convex quarter-round molding that can also be enriched with the egg-and-dart or other pattern
Neck molding
Picture rail - Functional molding installed 7-9 feet above the floor from which framed pictures and paintings are hung using picture wire and picture rail hooks. Primarily seen in older homes with plaster walls, as hammering in nails to hang pictures would damage the plaster. Furthermore, the plaster may not be strong enough to support a picture.
Rosette - Circular, floral decorative element found in Mesopotamian design and early Greek stele. Part of revival styles in architecture since the Renaissance.
Scotia - Concave molding with a lower edge projecting beyond the top and so used at the base of columns as a transition between two torus moldings with different diameters
Screen molding - this is a small molding that is used to hide the area where a screen is attached to the frame.
Shoe molding, toe molding or quarter-round - often used at the bottom of the baseboard to cover a small gap or uneven edge between the flooring and the baseboard.
Strapwork - Popular in England in 16th & 17th. centuries, used in plaster on ceilings, also sculpted in stone on exterior of buildings, e.g. around entrance doors. Also carved in wood, and used for topiary designs for parterres. Imitates thick lengths of leather straps applied to a surface to produce pattern of ribs in connected circles, squares, scrolls, lozenges etc.
Torus - Convex, semi-circular molding, larger than an astragal, often at the base of a column, which may be enriched with leaves or plaiting
Trim Molding - A general term used for moldings that are used to create added detail or cover up gaps. They can include corner moldings, cove moldings, rope moldings, quarter rounds, and accent moldings.
2 answers
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1 answer
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chordal, chorded, choreal, choreas, choregi, choreic, chorial, chorine, choring, chorion, chorizo, choroid, chorten, chortle, churchy, churned, churner, churred, churros, cirrate, cirrose, cirrous, citrals, citrate, citrine, citrins, citrons, citrous, clarets, claries, clarify, clarion, clarity, clarkia, claroes, clerics, clerids, clerisy, clerked, clerkly, coarsen, coarser, codrive, codrove, coerced, coercer, coerces, coerect, comrade, coprahs, corrade, corrals, correct, corrida, corries, corrode, corrody, corrupt, courage, courant, courier, courlan, coursed, courser, courses, courted, courter, courtly, cowries, cowrite, cowrote, cuirass, cuprite, cuprous, cuprums, currach, curragh, currans, currant, current, curried, currier, curries, curring, currish, cypress, cyprian, czardas, czardom, czarina, czarism, czarist, dacrons, dairies, dayroom, dearest, dearies, dearths, debride, debrief, decreed, decreer, decrees, decrial, decried, decrier, decries, decrown, decrypt, deerfly, defrags, defraud, defrays, defrock, defrost, degrade, degreed, degrees, deorbit, deprave, depress, deprive, derrick, derries, detract, detrain, detrude, dharmas, dharmic, dharnas, dhurnas, dhurrie, diarchy, diaries, diarist, digraph, digress, diorama, diorite, disrate, disrobe, disroot, disrupt, diurnal, diurons, doorman, doormat, doormen, doorway, dourahs, dourest, dourine, dowries, durries, dwarfed, dwarfer, dwarves, dyarchy, earring, ecartes, eccrine, eldrich, embrace, embroil, embrown, embrued, embrues, embrute, embryon, embryos, emerald, emerged, emerges, emeries, emerita, emeriti, emerods, emeroid, emersed, emirate, empress, emprise, emprize, encrust, encrypt, endrins, energid, enframe, engraft, engrail, engrain, engrams, engrave, engross, entrain, entrant, entraps, entreat, entrees, entries, entropy, entrust, enuring, enwraps, eparchs, eparchy, epergne, escrows, eserine, esprits, estrays, estreat, estrins, estriol, estrone, estrous, estrual, estrums, eternal, eucrite, everted, evertor, exarchs, exarchy, excreta, excrete, exergue, exerted, exordia, express, extract, extrema, extreme, extrude, exurban, exurbia, fabrics, faeries, fairest, fairies, fairing, fairish, fairway, farrago, farrier, farrows, fearers, fearful, fearing, febrile, ferrate, ferrels, ferrets, ferrety, ferried, ferries, ferrite, ferrous, ferrule, ferrums, fibrils, fibrins, fibroid, fibroin, fibroma, fibrous, fiercer, fierier, fierily, firrier, fjordic, flareup, flaring, flirted, flirter, florets, florins, florist, floruit, fourgon, fourths, fuhrers, furrier, furrily, furring, furrows, furrowy, gadroon, garrets, garring, garrons, garrote, gearbox, gearing, georgic, gharris, gherkin, giardia, glarier, glaring, glorias, gloried, glories, glorify, gnarled, gnarred, godroon, goorals, gourami, gourdes, gourmet, guarana, guarani, guarded, guarder, guerdon, gunroom, gurries, hadrons, hagride, hagrode, haircap, haircut, hairdos, hairier, hairnet, hairpin, harried, harrier, harries, harrows, hatrack, hatreds, hayrack, hayrick, hayride, hearers, hearing, hearken, hearsay, hearsed, hearses, hearted, hearten, hearths, heirdom, heiress, heiring, henries, herried, herries, herring, hijrahs, hoarded, hoarder, hoarier, hoarily, hoarsen, hoarser, hoorahs, hoorays, horrent, horrify, horrors, hotrods, hurrahs, hurrays, hurried, hurrier, hurries, hybrids, hydrant, hydrase, hydrate, hydriae, hydride, hydrids, hydroid, hydrops, hydrous, hydroxy, imarets, imbrown, imbrued, imbrues, imbrute, impregn, impresa, imprese, impress, imprest, imprint, improve, improvs, inarmed, inbreds, inbreed, incross, incrust, indraft, indrawn, inertia, inertly, infract, ingraft, ingrain, ingrate, ingress, ingroup, ingrown, intrant, intreat, introfy, introit, introns, intrude, intrust, inuring, inurned, inwraps, iterant, iterate, ivories, jarrahs, jarring, jeerers, jeering, jerreed, jerrids, jerries, journal, journey, journos, joyride, joyrode, karroos, kauries, kerrias, kerries, khirkah, knarred, knurled, labrets, labroid, labrums, ladrone, ladrons, lairdly, lairing, larrups, latrias, latrine, laurels, lavrock, learier, learned, learner, leerier, leerily, leering, legroom, leprose, leprosy, leprous, library, librate, liernes, ligroin, lipread, logroll, lorries, louring, macrame, macrons, madrasa, madrona, madrone, madrono, manrope, marrams, marrano, marrers, married, marrier, marries, marring, marrons, marrows, marrowy, matrass, matrons, megrims, merrier, merrily, metrics, metrify, metring, metrist, micrify, microbe, microhm, microns, midrash, midribs, midriff, migrant, migrate, mihrabs, mikrons, milreis, mirrors, misrate, misread, misrely, misrule, mitring, moorage, moorhen, moorier, mooring, moorish, morrion, morrows, mourned, mourner, mudrock, mudroom, murrain, murreys, murrhas, murries, murrine, myrrhic, narrate, narrows, natrium, natrons, nearest, nearing, necrose, negroid, negroni, neurine, neuroid, neuroma, neurone, neurons, neurula, nigrify, nimrods, nitrate, nitride, nitrids, nitrify, nitrile, nitrils, nitrite, nitroso, nitrous, nourish, nutrias, obtrude, ocarina, ochreae, ochring, ochroid, ochrous, octrois, odorant, odorful, odorize, odorous, offramp, oloroso, onerier, onerous, operand, operant, operate, operons, operose, oppress, orfrays, ospreys, ostraca, ostraka, ostrich, outrace, outrage, outrang, outrank, outrate, outrave, outread, outride, outrigs, outring, outroar, outrock, outrode, outroll, outroot, outrows, outrung, outruns, outrush, ovarial, ovarian, ovaries, overact, overage, overall, overapt, overarm, overate, overawe, overbed, overbet, overbid, overbig, overbuy, overcoy, overdid, overdry, overdub, overdue, overdye, overeat, overfar, overfat, overfed, overfit, overfly, overhot, overing, overjoy, overlap, overlax, overlay, overlet, overlie, overlit, overman, overmen, overmix, overnew, overpay, overply, overran, overrun, oversad, oversaw, oversea, oversee, overset, oversew, oversup, overtax, overtip, overtly, overtop, overuse, overwet, padrone, padroni, pairing, paprica, paprika, parrals, parrels, parried, parrier, parries, parring, parrots, parroty, patriot, patrols, patrons, patroon, payroll, pearled, pearler, pearter, peartly, peerage, peeress, peeries, peering, perries, perrons, petrels, petrify, petrols, petrous, pharaoh, pharynx, phorate, phoresy, pibroch, picrate, picrite, pierced, piercer, pierces, pierogi, pierrot, plurals, pogroms, poorest, poorish, porrect, pourers, pouring, prerace, preriot, prerock, prorate, prurigo, pterins, pteryla, puerile, pugrees, purring, putrefy, pyrrhic, pyrrole, pyrrols, pyurias, quarrel, quartan, quarter, quartes, quartet, quartic, quartos, querida, queried, querier, queries, querist, quiring, quirked, quirted, quorums, ramrods, rearers, reargue, rearing, rearmed, recrate, recross, recrown, recruit, redraft, redrawn, redraws, redream, redress, redried, redries, redrill, redrive, redroot, redrove, reerect, refract, refrain, reframe, refresh, refried, refries, refront, refroze, regrade, regraft, regrant, regrate, regreen, regreet, regress, regrets, regrind, regroom, regroup, regrown, regrows, reorder, repress, reprice, reprint, reprise, reprobe, reproof, reprove, retrace, retrack, retract, retrain, retread, retreat, retrial, retried, retries, retrims, rewraps, rewrapt, rewrite, rewrote, ricracs, rimrock, ripraps, roarers, roaring, rubrics, sabring, sacrals, sacring, sacrist, sacrums, safrole, safrols, saprobe, satraps, satrapy, saurels, saurian, sauries, scarabs, scarcer, scarers, scarfed, scarfer, scarier, scarify, scarily, scaring, scarlet, scarped, scarper, scarphs, scarred, scarted, scarves, schriks, schrods, scirrhi, scorers, scoriae, scorify, scoring, scorned, scorner, scurril, searest, searing, secrecy, secrete, secrets, seeress, serrate, serried, serries, sferics, sharers, shariah, sharias, sharifs, sharing, sharked, sharker, sharped, sharpen, sharper, sharpie, sharply, sherbet, shereef, sheriff, sherifs, sheroot, sherpas, sherris, shirked, shirker, shirred, shorans, shoring, shorted, shorten, shorter, shortia, shortie, shortly, sierran, sierras, sirrahs, sirrees, skirled, skirred, skirret, skirted, skirter, slurban, slurped, slurred, smaragd, smarted, smarten, smarter, smartie, smartly, smerked, smirked, smirker, snarers, snarfed, snaring, snarled, snarler, snorers, snoring, snorkel, snorted, snorter, soarers, soaring, soirees, soprani, soprano, sorrels, sorrier, sorrily, sorrows, sources, sourest, souring, sourish, soursop, sovrans, sparely, sparers, sparest, sparged, sparger, sparges, sparids, sparing, sparked, sparker, sparkle, sparoid, sparred, sparrow, sparser, spermic, spiraea, spirals, spirant, spireas, spireme, spirems, spirier, spiring, spirits, spiroid, spirted, spirula, sporing, sporoid, sporran, sported, sporter, sporule, spurges, spurned, spurner, spurred, spurrer, spurrey, spurted, spurter, spurtle, starchy, stardom, starers, starets, staring, starker, starkly, starlet, starlit, starred, started, starter, startle, startsy, startup, starved, starver, starves, stereos, sterile, sterlet, sternal, sterner, sternly, sternum, steroid, sterols, stertor, stirpes, stirred, stirrer, stirrup, storage, storers, storeys, storied, stories, storing, stormed, styrene, subrace, subrent, subring, subrule, sucrase, sucrose, sunrays, sunrise, sunroof, sunroom, supreme, supremo, surreal, surreys, swarded, swarmed, swarmer, swarths, swarthy, swerved, swerver, swerves, swirled, tacrine, tagrags, tanrecs, taproom, taproot, tarried, tarrier, tarries, tarring, taurine, tearers, tearful, teargas, tearier, tearily, tearing, tearoom, tenrecs, terrace, terrain, terrane, terreen, terrene, terrets, terrier, terries, terrify, terrine, territs, terrors, tetrads, tetrode, tetryls, therapy, thereat, thereby, therein, thereof, thereon, thereto, theriac, therian, thermae, thermal, thermel, thermes, thermic, thermit, thermos, theroid, thirams, thirdly, thirled, thirsts, thirsty, thorias, thorite, thorium, thorned, thorons, thorpes, thyroid, thyrses, thyrsus, tiaraed, tierced, tiercel, tierces, tiering, tigress, tigrish, titrant, titrate, torrefy, torrent, torrify, touraco, tourers, touring, tourism, tourist, tourney, towrope, trireme, tsardom, tsarina, tsarism, tsarist, tugriks, turrets, twirled, twirler, tzardom, tzarina, tzarism, tzarist, umbrage, unarmed, unbrace, unbraid, unbrake, unbroke, uncrate, uncrazy, uncross, uncrown, undrape, undrawn, undraws, undress, undrest, undried, undrunk, unfreed, unfrees, unfrock, unfroze, untrack, untread, untried, untrims, untruer, untruly, untruss, untruth, unurged, unwraps, unwrung, upbraid, updraft, updried, updries, upfront, upgrade, upgrown, upgrows, uphroes, upprops, uptrend, usurers, usuries, usurped, usurper, uterine, uxorial, vagrant, veeries, veering, verruca, vibrant, vibrate, vibrato, vibrion, vibrios, vitrain, vitrics, vitrify, vitrine, vitriol, votress, wairing, warrant, warrens, warring, warrior, wearers, wearied, wearier, wearies, wearily, wearing, wearish, weirded, weirder, weirdie, weirdly, weirdos, wharfed, wharves, whereas, whereat, whereby, wherein, whereof, whereon, whereto, wherves, whirled, whirler, whirred, whoring, whorish, whorled, whortle, woorali, woorari, worried, worrier, worries, worrits, yarrows, yearend, yearned, yearner, yirring, yperite, yttrias, yttrium, zebraic, zebrano, zebrass, zebrine, zebroid, zoarial, zoarium
1483 words found.
1 answer
2-letter words
on
3-letter words
con, don, eon, fon, hon, ion, mon, son, ton, von, won, yon
4-letter words
aeon, agon, anon, axon, azon, boon, chon, cion, clon, coon, ebon, exon, goon, icon, ikon, iron, jeon, kaon, lion, loon, moon, muon, neon, noon, peon, phon, pion, poon, soon, toon, upon, zoon
5-letter words
aboon, ancon, anion, apron, argon, arson, avion, azlon, bacon, baron, baton, beton, bison, boron, boson, cajon, canon, capon, codon, cogon, colon, croon, cyton, demon, devon, eikon, fanon, felon, futon, gipon, giron, gluon, gyron, heron, hyson, inion, jeton, jupon, kroon, lemon, macon, mason, melon, meson, moron, muton, ninon, niton, nylon, odeon, paeon, pelon, pinon, piton, puton, pylon, racon, radon, rayon, recon, redon, rewon, salon, scion, seton, shoon, solon, spoon, swoon, talon, taxon, tenon, tigon, toyon, union, unwon, wagon, xenon, yapon, yupon
6-letter words
action, amazon, amnion, archon, aswoon, baboon, ballon, baryon, basion, beacon, beckon, bicron, billon, blazon, bolson, boston, bouton, bunion, burton, button, camion, cannon, canton, canyon, carbon, carton, cation, chiton, citron, claxon, cocoon, common, cordon, cotton, coupon, craton, crayon, crepon, croton, daemon, dahoon, daikon, daimon, dalton, damson, deacon, diuron, doblon, dobson, dragon, dromon, durion, elevon, epigon, etalon, ethion, etymon, falcon, fanion, flacon, flagon, foison, fusion, gabion, gaboon, gallon, gammon, garcon, garron, gascon, gibbon, gibson, gnomon, godson, gorgon, grison, guenon, guidon, hadron, hagdon, hereon, intron, isogon, jargon, jetton, kation, kelson, klaxon, ladron, lagoon, lardon, legion, lepton, lesion, lesson, leukon, logion, lotion, macron, mammon, maroon, marron, mascon, matron, melton, merlon, micron, mignon, mikron, minion, morion, motion, mouton, mutton, nasion, nation, natron, nekton, nelson, neuron, newton, notion, operon, option, orison, pardon, parson, parton, patron, pennon, pereon, perron, person, photon, phylon, phyton, pigeon, pinion, pinyon, piston, pluton, poison, pompon, potion, prison, proton, python, racoon, ramson, ration, ratoon, ratton, reason, reckon, region, rhyton, ribbon, salmon, saloon, season, sermon, sexton, simoon, siphon, solion, stolon, summon, syphon, talion, tampon, tarpon, telson, tendon, teston, thoron, tiglon, trigon, triton, trogon, tycoon, typhon, unison, virion, vision, waggon, wanion, wanton, weapon, weason, wigeon, yaupon, youpon, zircon
7-letter words
abandon, actinon, aglycon, aileron, alation, alencon, aleuron, amotion, andiron, antlion, auction, balloon, bassoon, bastion, benison, billion, biotron, blouson, bourbon, bourdon, bradoon, bridoon, buffoon, bullion, burgeon, cabezon, caisson, caldron, campion, caption, cardoon, carrion, carryon, cartoon, caution, celadon, cession, chanson, chevron, chiffon, chignon, chorion, cistron, clarion, coition, crampon, crimson, crouton, cullion, cushion, dalapon, decagon, demeton, dendron, diatron, diction, dragoon, dudgeon, dungeon, ecdyson, echelon, edition, eftsoon, eidolon, elation, elision, elusion, elution, elytron, embryon, emotion, enation, enteron, environ, epizoon, epsilon, erasion, erosion, eudemon, evasion, exciton, faction, fashion, fenuron, fermion, festoon, fiction, fission, flexion, fluxion, fourgon, frisson, gadroon, galleon, galloon, gigaton, glutton, godroon, gossoon, griffon, grunion, gryphon, gudgeon, guerdon, halcyon, harpoon, helicon, hellion, hexagon, horizon, hyperon, jargoon, jillion, keelson, kiloton, krypton, lampion, lampoon, lardoon, lection, lexicon, liaison, limacon, linuron, lorgnon, madzoon, malison, mansion, matzoon, megaton, menazon, mention, metopon, midiron, midnoon, million, mission, morrion, mouflon, mullion, munnion, negaton, nephron, neuston, neutron, nucleon, octagon, omicron, omikron, opinion, oration, organon, ovation, paction, paragon, passion, patroon, pension, pereion, perigon, phaeton, pillion, plasmon, platoon, pleuron, plosion, polaron, polygon, portion, prenoon, psammon, puccoon, pulsion, raccoon, rampion, rattoon, reunion, rockoon, ruction, sabaton, sabayon, sacaton, sadiron, saffron, section, session, shippon, silicon, soliton, soupcon, station, stemson, stepson, suasion, suction, surgeon, symbion, synanon, tachyon, taction, tampion, tardyon, telamon, tension, ternion, testoon, thereon, tompion, torchon, torsion, treason, tuition, typhoon, unction, upsilon, venison, version, vibrion, vidicon, warison, whereon, widgeon, zacaton, zillion
8-letter words
ablation, ablution, abortion, abrasion, abutilon, acromion, adaption, addition, adhesion, adnation, adoption, advowson, aeration, affusion, agnation, allusion, alluvion, ambition, antiphon, aphelion, audition, aversion, aviation, avulsion, betatron, bevatron, biathlon, bigaroon, bludgeon, bouillon, bourgeon, cabochon, calutron, cannelon, cardamon, carillon, cauldron, chaldron, chamfron, champion, chanfron, chaperon, cheveron, chrismon, cinnamon, citation, coaction, coercion, cohesion, colophon, cooption, copatron, cotillon, crampoon, creation, cryotron, decision, decurion, delation, deletion, delusion, demotion, derision, deuteron, devotion, diapason, diazinon, dihedron, dilation, dilution, diluvion, diobolon, dipteron, disunion, division, dominion, dotation, doubloon, duration, dynatron, eclosion, ectozoon, eduction, effusion, egestion, ejection, election, electron, emblazon, emersion, emission, empoison, emulsion, enneagon, entozoon, envision, equation, erection, erigeron, eruption, erythron, estragon, ethephon, eudaemon, eulachon, evection, eversion, eviction, evulsion, exaction, excision, exertion, falchion, fanfaron, fenthion, fetation, fixation, flatiron, flection, flexagon, forenoon, fraction, friction, fruition, function, gambeson, ganglion, garrison, gelation, glucagon, gnathion, gombroon, grandson, graviton, gridiron, gumption, gyration, halation, heptagon, hereupon, himation, hypopyon, ideation, ignition, ignitron, illation, illusion, imprison, inaction, incision, infixion, infusion, inhesion, invasion, iodation, isochron, jettison, junction, kenotron, klystron, lavation, laxation, legation, lewisson, libation, ligation, lobation, location, locution, lunation, luncheon, luxation, macaroon, magneton, marathon, martagon, mastodon, melodeon, mesotron, metazoon, methadon, mezereon, mirliton, misunion, moufflon, multiton, munition, mutation, myrmidon, napoleon, natation, negation, negatron, neuraxon, notation, noumenon, novation, nutation, oblation, oblivion, occasion, octoroon, omission, orthicon, ostracon, oversoon, oxymoron, pantheon, papillon, parergon, pauldron, pavilion, pavillon, pentagon, petition, picaroon, plankton, plastron, plectron, pleuston, pliotron, poltroon, position, positron, potation, preunion, propylon, prounion, puncheon, punition, pupation, quadroon, question, reaction, rebutton, recision, relation, religion, remotion, replicon, reseason, resummon, revision, rigadoon, rigaudon, rogation, rotation, sanction, scallion, scansion, scission, scorpion, scullion, sedation, sedition, shalloon, simoleon, skeleton, smidgeon, solation, solution, sorption, southron, spittoon, squadron, stallion, stasimon, stegodon, sternson, stiction, sturgeon, subtaxon, sudation, tarragon, taxation, teaspoon, telethon, tetragon, thermion, traction, trillion, trudgeon, trunnion, unbutton, uncommon, unperson, unreason, vacation, venation, vexation, vigneron, vocation, volition, volution, whoreson
9-letter words
abduction, abjection, abolition, abruption, accession, accordion, accretion, actuation, acylation, addiction, adduction, admission, adoration, adulation, advection, affection, afternoon, agitation, animation, anthelion, anthemion, anticodon, antiunion, apportion, ascension, aspersion, assertion, asyndeton, attention, attrition, automaton, avocation, badminton, bandwagon, barracoon, battalion, bijection, bisection, bombardon, cacodemon, caparison, carbanion, carnation, caseation, causation, centurion, cessation, chalazion, chameleon, chawbacon, chelation, ciliation, coalition, cognation, cognition, colcannon, collation, collision, collodion, collusion, commotion, communion, companion, corrasion, corrosion, cotillion, cotyledon, cremation, crenation, criterion, cyclotron, damnation, dandelion, dealation, decathlon, deception, decillion, decoction, deduction, defection, deflation, dejection, demission, dentition, depiction, depletion, desertion, detection, detention, detrition, deviation, dictation, diffusion, digestion, dimension, direction, diversion, dodecagon, doubleton, education, effluxion, egression, elevation, elocution, emanation, emulation, encrimson, entropion, epilation, erudition, evocation, evolution, exception, exclusion, excretion, excursion, execution, exemption, expansion, expiation, explosion, expulsion, exsertion, extension, extortion, extrusion, exudation, fellation, filiation, flotation, foliation, formation, furcation, gammadion, gemmation, gerfalcon, gestation, gradation, guncotton, gustation, guttation, gyrfalcon, habergeon, halogeton, hydration, ichneumon, iguanodon, imitation, immersion, impaction, impassion, implosion, impulsion, inanition, incaution, inception, inclusion, incursion, indention, indiction, induction, infection, inflation, inflexion, ingestion, injection, insertion, intension, intention, intrusion, intuition, inunction, invention, inversion, irruption, isolation, iteration, keybutton, lactation, laudation, layperson, libration, lineation, liquation, magnetron, malathion, medaillon, medallion, mediation, mellotron, mentation, migration, misbutton, misreckon, modillion, multipion, muskmelon, narration, nervation, nitration, nutrition, objection, obsession, obtrusion, obviation, occlusion, octillion, olecranon, olfaction, operation, ovulation, oxidation, palmation, palpation, pantaloon, parathion, parhelion, partition, penstemon, perdition, perfusion, persimmon, pervasion, pickaroon, placation, planation, plication, pollution, postilion, precision, predation, prelusion, prenotion, preseason, prevision, privation, probation, profusion, prolusion, promotion, proration, protozoon, provision, pulsation, purgation, quotation, radiation, rebellion, recension, reception, recession, reclusion, recursion, redaction, reduction, reedition, refashion, refection, reflation, reflexion, rejection, reliction, remission, rendition, repletion, repulsion, resection, retention, reversion, revulsion, ruination, saltation, salvation, saskatoon, satiation, scutcheon, secession, seclusion, secretion, seduction, selection, semicolon, sensation, serration, siltation, simpleton, singleton, situation, solvation, sortition, soupspoon, sphenodon, sporozoon, stanchion, striation, subdeacon, sublation, submicron, subregion, suffusion, summation, suspicion, synkaryon, talkathon, tarnation, thereupon, thyratron, titration, tradition, triathlon, trihedron, truncheon, ululation, urination, valuation, variation, vermilion, vernation, vibration, violation, vitiation, walkathon, whereupon
10-letter words
abdication, aberration, abjuration, abnegation, abreaction, abrogation, abscission, absolution, absorption, abstention, accusation, activation, adaptation, adjunction, adjuration, admiration, adsorption, advocation, affixation, affliction, aggression, alienation, alkylation, allegation, allocation, allocution, alteration, ambulation, ammunition, amputation, angulation, annexation, annotation, annulation, antiproton, apparition, apposition, archdeacon, arrogation, ascription, aspiration, assumption, attraction, autochthon, automation, backgammon, bilocation, butylation, capitation, castration, catenation, catholicon, cavitation, centillion, champignon, chirurgeon, coaptation, cochampion, cofunction, cogitation, collection, coloration, combustion, commission, compaction, comparison, compassion, completion, complexion, compulsion, copulation, corotation, correction, corruption, counterion, cumulation, cunctation, curmudgeon, deaeration, decahedron, decimation, declension, decoration, decryption, dedication, defamation, defecation, definition, deflection, delegation, demolition, denegation, denotation, denudation, depilation, deposition, depression, deputation, derivation, derogation, descension, desolation, desorption, detraction, devolution, digression, dilatation, diminution, discretion, discussion, dismission, dispassion, dispersion, displosion, disruption, dissection, dissension, dissention, dissuasion, distension, distention, distortion, disulfoton, divagation, divination, domination, dubitation, ebullition, eluviation, emaciation, emendation, emigration, encephalon, encryption, enervation, epilimnion, equitation, eructation, escalation, escutcheon, estimation, estivation, etiolation, evacuation, evaluation, exaltation, excavation, excerption, excitation, execration, exhalation, exhaustion, exhibition, exhumation, expedition, expiration, exposition, expression, expunction, exsolution, extinction, extraction, exultation, exuviation, fasciation, federation, feuilleton, figuration, filtration, flirtation, floatation, floriation, foundation, fumigation, gemination, generation, glaciation, gleization, graduation, habitation, halocarbon, hebetation, hemelytron, herniation, hesitation, hexahedron, imbibition, immolation, imposition, impression, imputation, incitation, incubation, indagation, indecision, indexation, indication, induration, infarction, infixation, inflection, infliction, infraction, ingression, inhalation, inhibition, inhumation, initiation, injunction, innovation, insolation, inspection, insulation, interferon, interunion, intimation, intinction, intubation, inundation, invitation, invocation, involution, iodination, irreligion, irrigation, irritation, jubilation, laceration, lamination, laureation, levigation, levitation, liberation, limitation, literation, litigation, lobulation, locomotion, lustration, maceration, maculation, marination, maturation, medication, meditation, mesenteron, midsection, miscaption, misprision, mitigation, moderation, modulation, morulation, motivation, multiunion, mutilation, navigation, newsperson, nodulation, nomination, nucleation, numeration, obligation, obturation, occupation, octahedron, opposition, oppression, ordination, osculation, outstation, overaction, pagination, palliation, patination, peculation, pentathlon, pentstemon, perception, percussion, perfection, perihelion, perikaryon, periphyton, permeation, permission, peroration, persuasion, perversion, phenomenon, phlogiston, pincushion, pixilation, plantation, polyhedron, population, possession, postillion, postprison, postseason, precaution, precession, preclusion, prediction, preemption, prehension, prelection, preportion, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, projection, proportion, propulsion, protection, protrusion, pteranodon, punctation, quaternion, quercitron, recitation, recreation, redemption, redivision, reelection, reemission, reflection, refraction, refutation, regression, regulation, reignition, reinvasion, relaxation, relegation, relocation, renovation, reparation, repetition, reposition, repression, reputation, rescission, resolution, resorption, resumption, retraction, revelation, revocation, revolution, rumination, salivation, salutation, sanitation, saturation, separation, septillion, sextillion, sibilation, simulation, snapdragon, spallation, speciation, spoliation, squamation, stagnation, starvation, strobotron, subduction, subjection, submersion, submission, subreption, subsection, substation, subvention, subversion, succession, suggestion, supination, suppletion, surjection, suspension, tablespoon, tabulation, television, temptation, titivation, toleration, tourbillon, trabeation, trajection, transition, transposon, trisection, triskelion, truncation, ulceration, undulation, urtication, usurpation, validation, vegetation, veneration, vermillion, visitation, waitperson, watermelon, zwitterion
1 answer
Depending on the position of the board and the tiles presented on your rack, any word can be a good word. Example: HI is a simple and common two letter word, put when placed on a triple letter score and forming a second word in the opposite direction, you score a minimum of 26 points, which is rather decent in a SCRABBLE game. Of course, bingos don't hurt either, but to say that any ONE word in the dictionary is a good word would be remiss.
Try learning some word list like all the 2 letter words and 3 letter words. It's a good start.
9 answers
he History of wood carving has from the remotest ages the decoration of wood as a foremost art. The tendency of human nature has always been to ornament every article in use.[citation needed] The North American Indian carves his wooden fish-hook or his pipe stem just as the Polynesian works patterns on his paddle. The native of Guyana decorates his cavassa grater with a well-conceived scheme of incised scrolls, while the native of Loango Bay distorts his spoon with a design of perhaps figures standing up in full relief carrying a hammock.
Figure-work seems to have been universal. To carve a figure in wood may be not only more difficult but also less satisfactory than sculpting with marble, owing to the tendency of wood to crack, to be damaged by insects, or to suffer from changes in the atmosphere. The texture of the material, too, often proves challenging to the expression of features, especially in the classic type of youthful face. On the other hand, magnificent examples exist of the more rugged features of age: the beetling brows, the furrows and lines neutralizing the defects of the grain of the wood. In ancient work the surface may not have been of such consequence, for figures as a rule being painted for protection and especially color.
It is not always realized at the present day to what extent color has even from the most ancient times been used to enhance the effect of wood-carving and sculpture. The modern Colour prejudice against gold and other tints is perhaps because painted work has been vulgarized. The arrangement of a proper and harmonious scheme of colour is not the work of the house painter, but of the specially trained artist.
In the early 20th Century, the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, on which much of this entry is based, commented, "Of late years carving has gone out of fashion. The work is necessarily slow and requires substantial skill, making the works expensive. Other and cheaper methods of decoration have driven carving from its former place. Machine work has much to answer for, and the endeavor to popularize the craft by means of the village class has not always achieved its own end. The gradual disappearance of the individual artist, elbowed out as he has been, by the contractor, is fatal to the continuance of an art which can never flourish when done at so much a yard." This statement has proven untrue, as the continued survival of the art and craft of woodcarving can be demonstrated by the large number of woodcarvers who have carried on or advanced the tradition in different parts of the world.
Contents- 1 Ancient Egypt
- 2 Woodcarved figures as statuary in Christian art
- 2.1 First eleven centuries of AD
- 2.2 Gothic period (12th-15th centuries)
- 2.3 Gothic and Renaissance: A comparison
- 2.4 End of the 12th century
- 2.5 1300-1380
- 2.6 1380-1520
- 2.7 Renaissance period (16th-17th centuries)
- 2.8 17th-18th centuries
- 2.9 19th centuries
- 3 Coptic
- 4 Islamic work
- 5 Persia
- 6 India and Burma
- 7 Indochina and the Far East
- 8 Aboriginal
- 9 References
The extreme dryness of the climate of Egypt accounts for the existence of a number of woodcarvings from this remote period. Some wood panels from the tomb of Hosul Egypt, at Sakkarah are of the III. dynasty. The carving consists of Egyptian hieroglyphs and figures in low relief, and the style is extremely delicate and fine. A stool shown on one of the panels has the legs shaped like the fore and hind limbs of an animal, a form common in Egypt for thousands of years.
In the Cairo museum may be seen the statue of a man from the period of the Great Pyramid of Giza, possibly 4000 B.C. The expression of the face and the realism of the carriage have never been surpassed by any Egyptian sculptor of this or any other period. The figure is carved out of a solid block of sycamore, and in accordance with the Egyptian custom the arms are joined on. The eyes are inlaid with pieces of opaque white quartz, with a line of bronze surrounding to imitate the lid; a small disk of transparent rock crystal forms the iris, while a tiny bit of polished ebony fixed behind the crystal imparts to it a lifelike sparkle. The IV., V. and VI. dynasties cover the finest period of Egyptian sculpture. The statues found in the tombs show a freedom of treatment which was never reached in later times. They are all portraits, which the artist strove his utmost to render exactly like his model. For these are not, like mere modern statues, simply works of art, but had primarily a religious signification (Maspero). As the spirits of the deceased might inhabit, these Ka statues, the features and proportions were closely copied.
There are to be found in the principal museums of Europe many Egyptian examples: mummy cases of human beings with the face alone carved, animal mummy cases, sometimes boxes, with the figure of a lizard, perhaps, carved in full Mummy relief standing on the lid. Sometimes the animal would be carved in the round and its hollowed body used as the case itself.
Of furniture, folding seats like the modern camp stool, and chairs with legs terminating in the heads of beasts or the feet of animals, Furniture still exist. Beds supported by lions paws XI. and XII. dynasties, from Gebelein, now in the Cairo Museum), headrests, 6 or 8 in. high, shaped like a crutch on a foot, very like those used by the native of New Guinea today, are carved with scenes, &c., in outline. In the British Museum may be seen a tiny little coffer, 4 in. by 21/2 in., with very delicate figures carved in low relief. This little box stands on cabriole legs 3/4 of an inch long with claw feet, quite Louis Quinze in character. There are incense ladles, the handle representing a bouquet of lotus flowers, the bowl formed like the leaf of an aquatic plant with serrated edges from Gurnah during the XVIII. dynasty; mirror handles, representing a little pillar, or a lotus stalk, sometimes surmounted by a head of Hathor, the Egyptian Venus or of Bes, god of the toilet; pin-cushions, in the shape of a small round tortoise with holes in the back for toilet pins, which were also of wood with dog-head ends (XI. dynasty, Cairo Museum); and perfume boxes such as a fish, the two halves forming the bottom and top of the perfume or pomatum was removed by little wooden spoons, one shaped in the form of a cartouche emerging from a full-blown lotus, another shaped like the neck of a goose, a third consisting of a dog running with a fish in its closed mouth, the fish forming the bowl. The list might be prolonged, but enough has been said to show to what a pitch of refinement the art of wood-carving had reached thousands of years before the birth of Christ.
Of the work of Assyria, Greece and Rome, little is actually known except from history or inference. It may be safely assumed that the Assyria craft kept pace with the varying taste and refinement of Greece and all the older civilizations. Important pieces of wooden Roman sculpture which once existed in Greece and other ancient countries are only known to us from the descriptions of Pausanias and other classic writers. Many examples of the wooden images of the gods, were preserved down to late historic times. The Palladium, or sacred figure of Pallas, which was guarded by the Vestal Virgins in Rome and was fabled to have been brought by Aeneas froth the burning Troy, was one of these wooden figures.
Woodcarved figures as statuary in Christian artGreat works of art were created in wood during the entire Middle Ages in Cathedrals, Abbeys and other Church connected sites. These works demonstrated both craftsmanship and artistry. First eleven centuries of ADDetail from the carved portal, of St Sabina on the Aventine Hill, dating back from the 6th centuryWood-carving examples of the first eleven centuries of AD are extremely rare. The carved panels of the main doors of St Sabina on the Aventine Hill, Rome, are very interesting specimens of early Christian relief sculpture in wood, dating, as the dresses show, from the 5th century. The doors are made up of a large number of small square panels, each minutely carved with a scene from the Old or New Testament. A very fine fragment of Byzantine art (11th or 12th centuries) is preserved in a monastery at Mount Athos in Macedonia. It consists of two panels (one above the other) of relief sculpture, surmounted by a semicircular arch of conventional foliage springing from columns ornamented with animals in foliage of spiral form. The capitals and bases are square, each face being carved with a figure. It is a wonderfully fine piece of work, conceived in the best decorative spirit.
In Scandinavian countries we find some very early work of excellent design. In the Christiania Museum there are some fine chairs Scandina, of the 9th or 10th centuries carved with that particular vian work flat and broad treatment of scroll and strapwork so eminently suited to soft wood. In the Copenhagen Museum there are panels from Iceland in the same style. The celebrated wooden doorways of Aal (AD. 1200), Sauland, Flaa, Solder and other Norwegian churches (Christiania Museum) are only an elaboration of the same treatment of dragons and intricate scroll work, a style which we still see carried on in the door-posts of the 15th century in the Nordiska museum, Stockholm, and in the Icelandic work of quite modern times. In these early days the leaf was not much developed in design. The carver depended almost entirely on the stalk, a style of work which has its counterpart in Burmese work of the 17th century.
Gothic period (12th-15th centuries)Towards the end of this epoch wood-carving reached its culminating point. The choir stalls, rood-screens, roofs, retables, of England, France and the Teutonic countries of Europe, have in execution, balance and proportion, never at any time been approached. In small designs, in detail, in minuteness, in mechanical accuracy, the carver of this time has had his rivals, but for greatness of architectural conception, for a just appreciation of decorative treatment, the designer of the 15th century stands alone. Gothic beauty in carved woodIt should always be borne in mind that color was the keynote of this scheme. The custom was practically universal, and enough traces remain to show how splendid was the effect of these old Gothic churches and cathedrals. The priests in their gorgeous vestments, the lights, the crucifix, the banners and incense, the frescoed or diapered walls, and that crowning glory of Gothic art, the stained glass, were all in harmony with these beautiful schemes of colored carved work. Red, blue, green, white and gilding were the tints as a rule used. Not only were the screens painted in colors, but the parts painted white were often further decorated with delicate lines and sprigs of foliage in conventional pattern. The plain surfaces of the panels were also adorned with saints, often on a background of delicate gesso diaper, colored or gilded (Southwold). Nothing could exceed the beauty of the triptychs or retables of Germany, Flanders or France; carved with scenes from the New Testament in high relief arranged under a delicate lacework of canopies and clustered pinnacles glistening with gold and brilliant colors. In Germany the effect was further enhanced by emphasizing parts of the gilding by means of a transparent varnish tinted with red or green, thus giving a special tone to the metallic luster.
The style of design used during this great period owes much of its interest to the now obsolete custom of directly employing the craftsman and his men, instead of the present-day habit of giving the work to a contractor. It is easy to trace how those bands of carvers traveled about from church to church. In one district the designer would employ a particular form and arrangement of vine leaf, while in another adjoining quite a different style repeatedly appears. The general scheme was of course planned by one master mind, but the carrying out of each section, each part, each detail, was left to the individual workman. Hence that variety of treatment, that endless diversity, which gives a charm and interest to Gothic art, unknown in more symmetrical epochs. The Gothic craftsman appreciated the cardinal fact that in design beautiful detail does not necessarily insure a beautiful composition, and subordinated the individual part to the general effect. He also often carved in situ, a practice seldom if ever followed in the present day. Here and there one comes across the work of long years ago still unfinished. A half-completed bench-end, a fragment of screen left plain, clearly show that sometimes at least the church was the workshop.
Gothic and Renaissance: A comparisonGothic design roughly divides itself into two classes:- the geometrical, i.e. tracery and diaper patterns, and
- the foliage designs, where the mechanical scroll of the Renaissance is as a rule absent.
The lines of foliage treatment, so common in the bands of the 15th-century roodscreens and the panel work especially of Germany, serve to illustrate the widely different motives of the craftsmen of these two great epochs. Again, while the Renaissance designer as a rule made the two sides of the panel alike, the Gothic carver seldom repeated a single detail. While his main lines and grouping corresponded, his detail differed. Of numberless examples a 15th-century chest (Plate III. fig. 6) in the Kunstgewerbe Museum, Berlin, may be referred to. The arrangements of foliage, &c., on top, back and front, are typical of Gothic at its best.
End of the 12th centuryAs this section treats of woodcarving in Europe generally, and not of any one country alone, the dates just named must be of necessity only approximate. The 13th century was marked not only by great skill both in design and treatment, but also much devotional feeling. The craftsman seems to have not merely carved, but to have carved to the glory of God. At no time was work more delicately conceived or more beautifully cut. This early Gothic style certainly lent itself to fine finish, and in this respect was more suited to stone treatment than to wood. But the loving care bestowed on each detail seems to point to a religious devotion which is sometimes absent from later work. Very good examples of capitals (now, alas, divided down the center) are to be seen in Peterborough cathedral. Scrolls and foliage spring from groups of columns of four. Some Italian columns of the same date (Victoria and Albert Museum) should be compared, much to the advantage of the former. Exeter cathedral boasts misereres unsurpassed for skilful workmanship; mermaids, dragons, elephants, masks, knights and other subjects introduced into foliage, form the designs. Salisbury cathedral is noted for its stall elbows, and the reredos in the south transept of Adisham, Kent, is another fine example testifying to the great skill of the 13th-century woodcarvers. A very interesting set of stalls, the early history of which is unknown, was placed in Barming church, Kent, about the year 1868. The book rest ends are carved with two scrolls and an animal standing between, and the ends of the stalls with figure sculpture: 1300-1380During this period foliage forms, though still conventional, more closely followed nature. The canopy work of the choir of Winchester contains exquisite carvings of oak and other leaves. The choir stalls of Ely and Chichester and the tomb of Edward III. in Westminster Abbey are all fine examples of this period. Exeter boasts a throne that of Bishop Stapledon (An. 1308-1326) standing 57 ft (17 m). high which remains unequaled for perfection of proportion and delicacy of detail. In France the stalls of St Benoit-sur-Loire, Lisieux, and Évreux are good 14th-century examples. But little Gothic work is now to be seen in the churches of this country. It is to the museums we have to look for traces of the old Gothic carvers. The two retables in Dijon Museum, the work of Jacques de Baerze (1301), a sculptor of Flanders, who carved for Philippe le Hardi, Duke of Burgundy, are masterpieces of design and workmanship. The tracery is of the very finest, chiefly gilt on backgrounds of diapered gesso. 1380-1520Towards the end of the 14th century carvers gave up natural foliage treatment to a great extent, and took to more conventional forms. The oak and the maple no longer inspired the designer, but the vine was constantly employed. A very large amount of 15th-century work remains to us, but the briefest reference only can be made to some of the more beautiful examples that help to make this period so great.The rood screen, that wonderful feature of the medieval church, was now universal. It consisted of a tall screen of usually about thirty ft. high, on the top of which rested a loft, i.e. a platform rood about 6 ft (1.8 m). in width guarded on either side by a gallery screen, and either on the top or in front of that, facing the nave, was placed the rood, i.e. a large crucifix with figures of St Mary and St John on either side. This rood screen sometimes spanned the church in one continuous length (Leeds, Kent), but often filled in the aisle and chancel arches in three separate divisions (Church Handborough, Oxon.). The loft was as a rule approached by a winding stair built in the thickness of the aisle wall. The lower part of the screen itself was solid paneled to a height of about 3 ft 6 in (1.07 m) and the upper part of this paneling was filled in with tracery (Carbrook, Norfolk), while the remaining flat surfaces of the panels were often pictured with saints on a background of delicate gesso diaper (Southwold, Suffolk). Towards the end of this period the employment of figures became less common as a means of decoration, and the panels were sometimes filled- entirely with carved foliage (Swimbridge, Devon). The upper part of the rood screen consisted of open arches with the heads filled in with pierced tracery, often enriched with crockets (Seaming, Norfolk), embattled transoms (Hedingham Castle, Essex), or floriated cusps (Eye, Suffolk). The mullions were constantly carved with foliage (Cheddar, Somerset), pinnacles (Causton, Norfolk), angels (Pilton, Devon), or decorated with canopy work in gesso (Southwold). But the feature of these beautiful screens was the loft with its gallery and vaulting. The loft floor rested on the top of the rood screen and was usually balanced and kept in position by means of a groined vaulting (Harberton, Devon) or a cove (Eddington, Somerset). The finest examples of vaulting are to be seen in Devon. The bosses at the intersections of the ribs and the carved tracery of the screen at Honiton stand unrivaled. Many screens still possess the beam which formed the edge of the loft floor and on which the gallery rested. It was here that the medieval roodscreen carver gave most play to his fancy, and carved the finest designs in foliage to be seen throughout the whole Gothic period. Although these massed moulds, crests and bands have the appearance of being carved out of one log, they were in practice invariably built up in parts, much of the foliage, &c., being pierced and placed in hollow moulds in order to increase the shadow. As a rule the arrangement consisted of a crest running along the top, with a smaller one depending from the lower edge, and three bands of foliage and vine between them (Feniton, Devon). The designs of vine leaves at Kenton, Bow and Dartmouth, all in Devon, illustrate three very beautiful treatments of this plant. At Swimbridge, Devon, there is a very elaborate combination; the usual plain beads which separate the bands are carved with twisted foliage also. At Abbots Kerswell and other places in the district round Totnes the carvers introduced birds in the foliage with the best effect. The variety of cresting used is very great. That at Winchcomb, Gloucester, consists of dragons combined with vine leaves and foliage. It illustrates how Gothic carvers sometimes repeated their patterns in as mechanical a way as the worst workmen of the present time. Little can be said of the galleries, so few remain to us. They were nearly all pulled down when the order to destroy the roods was issued in 1548. That they were decorated with carved saints under niches (Llananno, Wales), or painted figures (Strencham, Worcester), is certain from the examples that have survived the Reformation. At Atherington. Devon, the gallery front is decorated with the royal coat of arms, other heraldic devices, and with prayers. The Breton screen at St Fiacre-le-Faouet is a wonderful example of French work of this time, btit does not compare with the best English examples. Its flamboyant lines and its small tracery never obtained any foothold in England, though screens carved in this way (Colebrook, Devon) are sometimes to be found.
The rood was sometimes of such dimensions as to require some support in addition to the gallery on which it rested. A carved beam was used from which a chain connected the rood itself. At Cullompton, Devon, such a beam still exists, and is carved with foliage; an open cresting ornaments the under side and two angels support the ends. This particular rood stood on a base of rocks, skulls and bones, carved out of two solid logs averaging 18 in. wide and 21 in. high, and together measuring 15 ft 6 in (4.72 m) long; there are round holes along the top which were probably used for lights.
No country in Europe possesses roofs to equal those of England created in the 15th century. The great roof of Westminster Hall remains to the present day unique. In Norfolk and Suffolk roofs abound of the hammerbeam class; that at Woolpit, Suffolk, achieves the first rank of quality. Each bracket is carved with strongly designed foliage, the end of every beam terminates in an angel carrying a shield, and the purlins are crested, while each truss is supported by a canopied riche (containing a figure) resting on an angel corbel. Here, too, as at Ipswich and many other churches, there is a row of angels with outspread wings under the wall-plate. This idea of angels in the roof is a very beautiful one, and the effect is much enhanced by the coloring. The roof at St Nicholas, King's Lynn, is a magnificent example of tiebeam construction. The trusses are filled in with tracery at the sides and the centres more or less open, and the beams, which are crested and embattled, contain a row of angels on either side. In Devon, Cullompton possesses a very fine semicircular ceiling supported at intervals by ribs pierced with carving. Each compartment is divided up into small square panels, crossed by diagonal ribs of cresting, while every joint is ornamented with a boss carved in the decorative way peculiar to the Gothic craftsman. The nave roof of Manchester cathedral is nearly flat, and is also divided up into small compartments and bossed; the beams are supported by carved brackets resting on corbels with angels at each base. Choir stalls in the Ulm Münster by Jörg Syrlin t.E. (ca. 1470)
Bust of Cicero by Jörg Syrlin t.E., in the Ulm Münster
In the 15th century, choir stalls with their canopies continued to increase in magnificence. Manchester cathedral (middle of 15th century) and Henry VII chapel in Westminster Abbey (early 16th) are good examples of the fashion of massing ~7~7 pinnacles and canopies; a custom which hardly compares with the more simple beauty of the 14th-century work of Ely cathedral. The stalls of Amiens cathedral were perhaps the finest in the world at the beginning of the 16th century. The cresting employed, though common on the Continent, is of a kind hardly known in England, consisting as it does of arches springing from arches, and decorated with crockets and finials. The tabernacle work over the end seats, with its pinnacles and flying buttresses, stretches up towards the roof in tapering lines of the utmost delicacy. The choir stalls (the work of Jörg Syrlin) in Ulm cathedral are among the finest produced by the German carver. The front panels are carved with foliage of splendid decorative boldness, strength and character; the stall ends were carved with foliage and sculpture along the top edge, as was sometimes the case in Bavaria and France as well as Germany.
In early times the choir alone possessed seats, the nave being left bare. Gradually benches were introduced, and during the 15th century became universal. The poppyhead form of B ornament now reached perfection and was constantly used enc for seats other than those of the choir. The name refers en a. to the carved finial which is so often used to complete the top of the bench end and is peculiarly English in character. In Devon and Cornwall it is rarely met with (Ilsington, Devon). In Somerset it is more common, while in the eastern counties thousands of examples remain. The quite simple fleur-de-lys form of poppyhead, suitable for the village, is seen in perfection at Trunch, Norfolk, and the very elaborate form when the poppyhead springs from a crocketed circle filled in with sculpture, at St Nicholas, King's Lynn. Often the foliage contained a face (Cley, Norfolk), or the poppyhead consisted of figures or birds only (Thurston, Suffolk) or a figure standing on a dragon (Great Brincton, Northampton); occasionally the traditional form was departed from and the finial carved like a lemon in outline (Bury St Edmuncis) or a diamond (Tirley, Glos.). In Denmark an ornament in the form of a large circle sometimes takes the place of the English poppy-head. In the Copenhagen Museum there is a set of bench ends of the 15th century with such a decoration carved with coats of arms, interlacing strap-work, &c. But the old 15th century bench end did not depend entirely on the poppy-head for its embellishment. The side was constantly enriched with elaborate tracery (Dennington, Norfolk) or with tracery and domestic scenes (North Cadbury, Somerset), or would consist of a mass of sculpture in perspective, with canopy work, buttresses and sculptured niches, while the top of the bench end would be crowned with figures carved in the round, of the finest craftsmanship. Such work at Amiens cathedral is a marvel alike of conception, design and execution. In the Kunstgewerbe Museum, Berlin, some beautiful stall ends are to be seen. Out of a dragons mouth grows a conventional tree arranged and balanced in excellent proportion. On another, stall end a tree is carved growing out of the mouth of a fool. This custom of making foliage grow out of the mouth or eyes is hardly defensible, and was by no means confined to any country or time. We have plenty of Renaissance examples of the same treatment.
Before the 15th century preaching had not become a regular institution in England, and pulpits were not so common. However, the value of the sermon began to be appreciated from the use to which the Lollards and other sects put this method of teaching doctrine, and pulpits became a necessity. A very beautiful one exists at Kenton, Devon. It is, as is generally the case, octagonal, and stands on a foot. Each angle is carved with an upright column of foliage between pinnacles, and the panels, which are painted with saints, are enriched with carved canopies and foliage; it is, however, much restored. The puipit at Trull, Somerset, is noted for its fine figure carving. A large figure standing under a canonv fills each of the nanelled sides. while many other smaller figures help to enrich the general effect. Examples of Gothic sounding boards are very rare; that, together with the pulpit, in the choir of Winchester is of the time of Prior Silkstede (1520), and is carved with his rebus, a skein of twisted silk.
The usual form of font cover during the hundred years before the Reformation was pyramidal, the ribs of the salient angles being Fo straight and cusped (Frindsbury, Kent) or of curved outline and cusped (St Mildred, Canterbury). There is a very charming one of this form at Colebrook, Devon. It is quite plain but for a little angel kneeling on the top, with its hands clasped in prayer. But the most beautiful form is the massed collection of pinnacles and canopy work, of which there is such a fine example at Sudbury, Suffolk. It was not uncommon to carve a dove on the topmost pinnacle (Castleacre, Norfolk), in allusion to the descent of the Holy Spirit. The finest font in England is undoubtedly that of Ijiford, Suffolk. It rises some 20 ft (6.1 m). in height, arid when the panels were painted with saints and the exquisite tabernacle work colored and gilded, must have been a masterpiece of Gothic craftsmanship. A cord connecting the tops of these covers with the roof or with a carved beam standing out from the wall, something like a crane (Salle, Norfolk), was used to remove the cover on the occasion of baptism.
Many lecterns of the Gothic period do not exist today. They usually had a double sloping desk which revolved round a central moulded post. The lectern at Swanscombe, Kent, has an eras, circle of good foliage ornamenting each face of the book rest, and sonic tracery work at either end. The box form is more common in France than in England, the pedestal of such a lectern being surrounded by a casing of three or more sides. A good example with six sides is in the church of Vance (France), and one of triangular form in the Muse of Bourges, while a four-sided box lectern is still in use in the church of Lenham, Kent. The Gothic prayer desk, used for private devotional purposes, is hardly known in England, but is not uncommon on the Continent. There is a beautiful specimen in the Muse, Bourges; the front and sides of the part for kneeling are carved with that small tracery of flowing character so common in France and Belgium during the latter part of the 15th century, and the back, which rises to a height of 6 ft (1.8 m)., contains a little crucifix with traceried decoration above and below.
A word should be said about the ciboria, so often found on the Oboria continent of Europe. In tapering arrangement of tabernacle work they rival the English font covers in delicacy of outline (Muse, Rouen).
Numbers of doors are to be met with not only in churches but also in private houses. Lavenham, Suffolk, is rich in work of this latter ooo,-s class. In England the general custom was to carve the head of the door only with tracery (East Brent, Somerset), but in the Tudor period doors were some times covered entirely with linenfold paneling (St Albans Abbey). This form of decoration was exceedingly common on the Continent as well as in England. In France the doors towards the latter part of the r5th century were often square-headed, or perhaps had the corners rounded. These doors were usually divided into some six or eight oblong panels of more or less equal size. One of the doors of Bourges Cathedral is treated thus, the panels being filled in with very good tracery enriched with crockets and coats of arms. Biit a more restrained form of treatment is constantly employed, as at the church of St Godard, Rouen, where the upper panels only are carved with tracery and coats of arms and the lower adorned with simple linenfold design.
To Spain and the Teutonic countries of Europe we look for the most important object of church decoration, the retable; the Reformation accounting for the absence in England of any work of this iec kind. The magnificent altar-piece in Schleswig cathedral was carved by Hans Bruggerman, and consists, like many others, of a number of panels filled with figures standing some four or five deep. The figures in the foremost rows are carved entirely separate, and stand out by themselves, while the background is composed of figure work and architecture, &c., in diminishing perspective. The panels are grouped together under canopy work forming one harmonious whole. The genius of this great carver shows itself in the large variety of the facial expression of those wonderful figures all instinct with life and movement, In France few retables exist outside the museums. In the little church of Marissel, not far from Beauvais, there is a retable consisting of eleven panels, the crucifixion being, of course, the principal subject. And there is a beautiful example from Antwerp in the Muse Cluny, Paris; the pierced tracery work which decorates the upper part being a good example of the style composed of interlacing segments of circles so common on the Continent during late Gothic times and but seldom practised in England. ln Spain the cathedral of Valladolid was famous for its retable, and Alonso Cano and other sculptors frequently used wood for large statuary, which was painted in a very realistic way with the most startlingly lifelike effect. Denmark also possessed a school of able wood-carvers who imitated the great altar-pieces of Germany. A very large and well-carved example still exists in the cathedral of Roskilde. But besides these great altarpieces tiny little models were carved on a scale the minuteness of which staggers the beholder. Triptychs and shrines, &c., measuring but a few inches were filled in with tracery and figures that excite the utmost wonder. In the British Museum there is such a triptych (Flemish, I 511); the center panel, measuring an inch or two square, is crowded with figures in full relief and in diminishing perspective, after the custom of this period. This rests on a semicircular base which is carved with the Lord's Supper, and is further ornamented with figures and animals. The whole thing inclusive measures about 9 in. high, and, with the triptych wings open, 5 in. wide. The extraordinary delicacy and minuteness of detail of this microscopic work baffle description. There is another such a piece, also Flemish, in the Wallace collection, which rivals that just referred to in rni& applied talent. For, marvellous as these works of art are, they fail to satisfy. They make ones eyes ache, they worry one as to how the result could ever have been obtained, and after the first astonishment one must ever feel that the same work of art on a scale large enough for a cathedral could have been carved with half the labor.
With regard to paneling generally, there were, during the last fifty years of the period now under review, three styles of design followed by most European carvers, each of which attained great notoriety. Firstly, a developed form of small Panelling. tracery which was very common in France and the Netherlands. A square-headed panel would be filled in with small detail of flamboyant character, the perpendicular line or mullion being always subordinate, as in the German chasse (Muse Cluny), and in some cases absent, as the screen work of Évreux cathedral shows us. Secondly, the linenfold design. The great majority of examples are of a very conventional form, but at Bere Regis, Dorsetshire, the designs with tassels, and at St Sauvur, Caen, those with fringe work, readily justify the universal title applied to this very decorative treatment of large surfaces. At the beginning of the 16th century yet another pattern became the fashion. The main lines of the design consisted of flat hollow mouldings sometimes in the form of interlacing circles (Gatton, Surrey), at other times chiefly straight (Rochester cathedral), and the intervening spaces would be filled in with cusps or sprigs of foliage. It marks the last struggle of this great school of design to withstand the oncoming flood of the new art, the great Renaissance. From this time onward Gothic work, in spite of various attempts, has never again taken a place in domestic decoration. The lines of the tracery style, the pinnacle, and the crocket unequaled as they have always been in devotional expression are universally considered unsuited for decoration in the ordinary house.
But little reference can be made to the domestic side of the period which ended with the dawn of the 16th century, because so few remains exist. At Bayeux, Bourges, Reims and preeminently Rouen, we see by the figures of saints, bishops or virgins, how much the religious feeling of the Middle Ages entered into the domestic life. In England the carved corner post (which generally carried a bracket at the top to support the overhanging storey) calls for comment. In Ipswich, there are several such posts. On one house near the river, that celebrated subject, the fox preaching to geese, is carved in graphic allusion to the dissemination of false doctrine.
Of mantelpieces, there is a good example in the Rouen Museum. The overhanging corners are supported by dragons and the plain mouldings have little bunches of foliage carved at either end, a custom as common in France during the 15th century as it was in England a century earlier; the screen. beam at Eastbourne parish church, for example.
As a rule, cabinets of the 15th century were rectangular in plan. In Germany and Austria the lower part was often enclosed, as well as the upper; the top, middle and lower rails being carved with geometrical design or with bands of foliage (Museum, Vienna). But it was also the custom to make these cupboards with the corners cut off, thus giving five sides to the piece of furniture. A very pretty instance, which is greatly enhanced by the metal work of the lock plates and hinges, is in the Muse Cluny, and there are other good specimens with the lower part open in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
The chest was a very important piece of furniture, and is often to be met with covered with the most elaborate carving (Orleans Museum). There is a splendid chest (14th century) in the Cluny Museum; the front is carved with twelve knights in armour standing under as many arches, and the spandrels are filled in with faces, dragons and so on. But it is to the 15th century that we look for the best work of this class; there is no finer example than that in the Kunstgewerbe Museum, Berlin. The front is a very animated hunting scene most decoratively arranged in a scheme of foliage, and the top bears two coats of arms with helms, crests and mantling. But the more general custom in chest decoration was to employ tracery with or without figure work; Avignon Museum contains some typical examples of the latter class.
A certain number of seats used for domestic purposes are of great interest. A good example of the long bench placed against the wall, with lofty panelled back and canopy over, is in the Musée Cluny, Paris. In the Museum at Rouen is a long seat of a movable kind with a low panelled back of pierced tracery, and in the Dijon Museum there is a good example of the typical chair of the period, with arms and high panelled and traceried back. There was a style of design admirably suited to the decoration of furniture when made of softwood such as pine. It somewhat resembled the excellent Scandinavian treatment of the 10th-12th centuries already referred to. A pattern of Gothic foliage, often of beautiful outline, would be simply grounded out to a shallow depth. The shadows, curves and twists only being emphasized by a few well-disposed cuts with a V tool; and of course the whole effect greatly improved by colour. A Swiss door of the 15th century in the Berlin Museum, and some German, Swiss and Tirolese work in the Victoria and Albert Museum, offer patterns that might well be imitated today by those who require simple decoration while avoiding the hackneyed Elizabethan forms.
It is hard to compare the figure work of England with that on the Continent owing to the disastrous effect of the Reformation. But when we examine the roofs of the Eastern counties, the bench ends of Somerset, or the misereres in many parts of the country, we can appreciate how largely wood sculpture was used for purposes of decoration. If as a rule the figure work was I not of a very high order, we have conspicuous exceptions in the stall elbows of Sherborne, and the pulpit of Trull, Somerset. Perhaps the oldest instance is the often mutilated and often restored effigy of Robert, Duke of Normandy, in Gloucester Cathedral (12th century), and carved, as was generally the case in England, in oak. At Clifton Reynes, Buckingham, there are two figures of the 13th century. They are both hollowed out from the back in order to facilitate seasoning the wood and to prevent cracking. During the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries there are numberless instances of figure carving of the most graphic description afforded in the misereres in many of our churches and cathedrals. But of figures carved in the round apart from their surroundings hardly an instance remains. At the little chapel of Cartmel Fell, in the wilds of Westmorland, there is a figure of Our Lord from a crucifix, some 2 ft 6 in (0.76 m) in length. The cross is gone, the arms are broken away, and the feet have been burned off. A second figure of Our Lord (originally in the church of Keynes Inferior) is in the museum of Caerleon, and a third, from a church in Lincolnshire, is now in a private collection. On the continent some of the finest figure work is to he found in the retables, some of which are in the Victoria and Albert Museum. A Tirolese panel of the 15th century carved in high relief, representing St John seated with his back to the onlooker, is a masterpiece of perspective and foreshortening, and the drapery folds are perfect. The same may be said of a small statue of the Virigin, carved in lime by a Swiss hand, and some work of the great Tilman Riemenschneider of Wurzburg (1460-1531) shows that stone sculptors of medieval times were not ashamed of wood.
Renaissance period (16th-17th centuries)With the beginning of the 16th century, the great Renaissance began to elbow its way in to the exclusion of Gothic design. But the process was not sudden, and much transition work has great merit. The rood screen at Hurst, Berkshire, the stall work of Cartmel Priory, Westmorland, and the bench ends of many of the churches in Somerset, give good illustrations. But the new style was unequal to the old in devotional feeling, except in classic buildings like St Paul's Cathedral, where the stalls of Grinling Gibbons better suit their own surroundings. The rest of this article will therefore be devoted in the main to domestic work, and the exact location of examples can only be given when not the property of private owners or where the public have access.During the 16th century the best work is undoubtedly to be found on the Continent. France, Germany and the Netherlands producing numberless examples not only of house decoration but of furniture as well. The wealth of the newly discovered American continent was only one factor which assisted in the civilizing influence of this time, and hand in hand with the spread of commerce came the desire for refinement. The custom of building houses chiefly in wood wherever timber was plentiful continued. Pilasters took the place of pinnacles, and vases or dolphins assisted the acanthus leaf to oust the older forms of design. House fronts of wood gave ample scope to the carver. That of Sir Paul Pinder (1600), formerly in Bishopsgate, but now preserved in the Victoria and Albert Museum, is a good example of decorative treatment without overloading. The brackets carved in the shape of monsters which support the projecting upper storey are typical of hundreds of dwellings, as for instance St Peters Hospital, Bristol. The panels, too, of Sir Paul Pinders house are good examples of that Jacobean form of medallion surrounded by scroll work which is at once as decorative as it is simple.
In England that familiar style known as Elizabethan and Jacobean prevailed throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. At the present time hardly a home in the land has not its old oak chest carved with the familiar half circle or scroll border along the top rail, or the arch pattern on the panels. The court cupboards, with their solid or open under parts and upper cornice supported by turned balusters of extravagant thickness, are to be seen wherever one goes. And chairs, real as well as spurious, with solid backs carved in the usual flat relief, are bought up with an avidity inseparable from fashion. Four-post bedsteads are harder to come by. The back is usually broken up into small panels and carved, the best effect being seen in those examples where the paneling or the framework only is decorated. The dining-hall tables often had six legs of great substance, which were turned somewhat after the shape of a covered cup, and were carved with foliage bearing a distant resemblance to the acanthus. Rooms were generally panelled with oak, sometimes divided at intervals by flat pilasters and the upper frieze carved with scroll work or dolphins. But the feature which distinguished the period was the fire mantle. It always must be the principal object in a room, and the Elizabethan carver fully appreciated this fact. By carving the chimney breast as a rule to the ceiling and covering the surrounding walls with more or less plain paneling, the designer, by thus concentrating the attention on one point, often produced results of a high order. Caryatid figures, pilasters and friezes were among the customary details employed to produce good effects. No finer example exists than that lately removed from the old palace at Bromley-by-Bow to the Victoria and Albert Museum. The mantelshelf is 6 ft (1.8 m). from the ground and consists of a deep quadrant mould decorated with flat scroll work of good design. The supporting pilasters on either side are shaped and moulded in the customary Jacobean manner and are crowned by busts with Ionic capitals on the heads. Above the shelf the large center panel is deeply carved with the royal coat of arms with supporters and mantling, and on either side a semicircular arched niche contains a figure in classic dress. The Elizabethan carver often produced splendid staircases, sometimes carving the newel posts with heraldic figures bearing coats of arms, &c. The newels of a staircase at Highgate support different types of Cromwellian soldiers, carved with great vivacity and life. But in spite of excellent work, as for example the beautiful gallery at Hatfield, the carving of this period did not, so far as England was concerned, compare with other epochs, or with contemporary work in other parts of Europe. Much of the work is badly drawn and badly executed. It is true that good decorative effects were constantly obtained at the very minimum of cost, but it is difficult to discover much merit in work which really looks best when badly cut.
In France this flat and simple treatment was to a certain extent used. Doors were most suitably adorned in this way, and the split baluster so characteristic of Jacobean work is often to be met with. There are some very good cabinets in the museum at Lyngby, Denmark, illustrating these two methods of treatment in combination. But the Swiss and Austrians elaborated this style, greatly improving the effect by the addition of color. However, the best Continental designs adopted the typical acanthus foliage of Italy, while still retaining a certain amount of Gothic feeling in the strength of the lines and the cut of the detail. Panelling often long and narrow was commonly used for all sorts of domestic purposes, a feature being a medallion in the center with a simple arrangement of vase, dolphins, dragons, or birds and foliage filling in the spaces above and below.
The cabinets of Holland and Belgium are excellent[according to whom?] models of design. These pieces of furniture were usually arranged in two storeys with a fine moulded and carved cornice, mid division and plinth. The pilasters at the sides, and small raised panels carved only on the projecting part, would compose a very harmonious whole. A proportion of the French cabinets are decorated with caryatids not carved in the best taste, and, like other French woodwork of this period, are sometimes overloaded with sculpture. The doors of St Maclou, Rouen, fine as they are, would hardly to-day be held up as models for imitation. A noteworthy set of doors belong to the Oudenaarde Town Hall. The central door contains twelve and that on either side eight panels, each of which is carved with Renaissance foliage surrounding an unobtrusive figure. In the Palais de Justice[disambiguation needed] we see that great scheme of decoration which takes up the whole of the fireplace end of the hall. Five large figures carved in the round are surrounded by small ones and with foliage and coats of arms.
In Italy, the birthplace of the Renaissance, there is much fine work of the 16th century. A very important school of design was promoted by Raphael, whose patterns were used or adapted by a large number of craftsmen. The shutters of Raphaels Stanze in the Vatican, and the choir stalls in the church of St Pietro de Cassinesi at Perugia, are among the most beautiful examples of this style of carving. The work is in slight relief, and carved in walnut with those graceful patterns which Raphael developed out of the newly discovered remains of ancient Roman wall painting from the palace of Nero and other places. In the Victoria and Albert Museum are many examples of Italian work: the door from a convent near Parma, with its three prominent masks and heavy gadroon moulds; a picture frame with a charming acanthus border and, egg and tongue moulds on either side; and various marriage chests in walnut covered with very elaborate schemes of carving. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish Spanish, or for that matter South of France work, from Italian, so much alike is the character. The Spaniards yield to none in good workmanship. Some Spanish panels of typical Italian design are in the Victoria and Albert Museum as well as cabinets of the purest Renaissance order. There is a wonderful Portuguese coffer (17th century) in this section. The top is deeply carved in little compartments with scenes from the life of Our Lord.
17th-18th centuriesIn England, the great school of Grinling Gibbons arose. Although he carved many beautiful mouldings of conventional form (Hampton Court Palace, Chatsworth, &c.), his name is usually associated with a very heavy form of decoration which was copied direct from nature. Great swags of drapery and foliage with fruit and dead birds, &c., would be carved in lime a foot thick. For technical skill these examples are unsurpassed; each grape would be undercut, the finer stalks and birds legs stand out quite separate, and as a consequence soon succumb to the energy of the housemaids broom. Good work of this class is to be found at Petworth; Trinity College, Oxford; Trinity College, Cambridge; St Pauls cathedral; St James, Piccadilly; and many other London churches.During the reigns of Louis XIV. and XV. the principal merit of carved design, i.e. its appropriateness and suitability, gradually disappeared. Furniture was often carved in a way hardly legitimate. The legs, the rails of tables and chairs, the frames of cabinets, of looking-glasses, instead of being first made fcr construction and strength. and then decorated, were first designed to carry cherubs heads and rococo (i.e. rock and shell ornament), quite regardless of utility or convenience. A wealth of such mistaken design was also applied to state carriages, to say nothing of bedsteads and other furniture. However, the wall paneling of the mansions of the rich, and sometimes the paneling of furniture, was decorated with rococo design in its least illegitimate form. The main part of the wood surface would be left plain, while the center would be carved with a medallion surrounded by foliage, vases or trophies of torches and musical instruments, etc., or perhaps the upper part of the panel would be thus treated. France led the fashion, which was more or less followed all over Europe. In England gilt chairs in the style of Louis XV. were made in some quantities. But Thomas Chippendale, Ince and Mayhew, Sheraton, Johnson, Heppelwhite and other cabinet-makers did not as a rule use much carving in their designs. Scrolls, shells, ribbon, ears of corn, etc., in very fine relief, were, however, used in the embellishment of chairs, etc., and the claw and ball foot was employed as a termination to the cabriole legs of cabinets and other furniture.
The mantelpieces of the 18th century were, as a rule, carved in pine and painted white. Usually the shelves were narrow and supported by pilasters often of flat elliptic plan, sometimes by caryatids, and the frieze would consist of a raised center panel carved with a classic scene in relief, or with a mask alone, and on either side a swag of flowers, fruit and foliage. Baroque woodcarved apostels from Val Gardena
Interior doorways were often decorated with a broken pediment more or less ornate, and a swag of foliage commonly depended from either side over a background of scroll work. The outside porches so often seen in Queen Anne houses were of a character peculiar to the 18th century. A small platform or curved roof was supported by two large and heavy brackets carved with acanthus scroll work. The staircases were as a rule exceedingly good. Carved and pierced brackets were fixed to the open strings (i.e. the sides of the steps), giving a very pretty effect to the graceful balustrade of turned and twisted columns.
Renaissance figure work calls for little comment. During the 16th century many good examples were produced those priestly statues in the museum of Sens for example. But the figure work used in the decoration of cabinets, &c., seldom rose above the ordinary level. iii the 18th century cherubs heads were fashionable and statuettes were sometimes carved in boxwood as ornaments, but as a means of decorating houses wood sculpture ceased to be. The Swiss, however, have kept up their reputation for animal sculpture to the present day, and still turn out cleverly carved chamois and bears, &c.; as a rule the more sketchily cut the better the merit. Their more ambitious works, their groups of cows, &c., sometimes reach a high level of excellence.
Between the 17th and 18th century a florid woodcarving industry started in the Gardena valley, which is now located in the Italian province of South Tyrol. A network of people from that valley traveled on foot to all European cities, as far as to Lisbon and Saint Petersburg, to sell the products of hundreds of carvers. Finally in the 19th century in Gardena, mainly wooden toys and dolls known also as Dutch dolls or penny dolls, were carved by the millions of pieces. The Museum Gherdëina in Urtijëi displays a large collection of examples of woodcarcarvings from that region.
Gilded woodcarving in Portugal and Spain continued to be produced, and the style exported to their New World colonies, and the Philippines, Macao and Goa.
19th centuriesOf the work of the 19th century little can be said in praise. Outside and beyond the present-day fashion for collecting old oak there seems to be no demand for carved decoration. In church work a certain number of carvers find occupation, as also for repairs or the production of imitations. But the carving one is accustomed to see in hotels or on board the modern ocean palace is in the main the work of the machine. There is no objection to the machine in itself, as it only grounds out and roughly models the design which is finished by hand. Its fatal drawback is that it is of commercial value only when a large number of panels of the same pattern are turned out at the same time. It is this repetition which takes away the life of good work, which places that gulf between the contract job and the individual effort of the artist. The price of all labor has so greatly increased, to build a house is so much more expensive than it was before the days of the trades union that none but the very rich can afford to beautify their home in the way to which our forefathers were accustomed -Nonetheless, the 1800s saw the teaching of woodcarving became formalized in several European countries. For example, the Austrian woodcarver Josef Moriggl (1841-1908) had a long career as a teacher, culminating in his appointment in 1893 as Professor at the Staats-Gewerbeschule (Craft School) in Innsbruck, where he served until his retirement in 1907.
In Gröden the institution of an art school in 1820 improved considerably the skills of the carvers. A new industrial branch developed with hundreds of artists and artisans dedicated to sculpture and manufacturing of statues and altars in wood exported to the whole world. Unfortunately the machine-carving industry, initiated in the 1950s and the Second Vatican Council, caused hundreds of carvers in Val Gardena to quit their craft. A worldwide trade of machine-carved figuerines and statues ensued.
CopticIn the early medieval period screens and other fittings were produced for the Coptic churches of Egypt by native Christian workmen. In the British Museum there is a set of ten small cedar panels from the church door of Sitt Miriam, Cairo (13th century). The six sculptured figure panels are carved in very low relief and the four foliage panels are quite Oriental in character, intricate and fine both in detail and furnish. In the Cairo Museum there is much work treated, after the familiar Arab style, while other designs are quite Byzantine in character. The figure work is not of a very high order. Islamic workTurkish and Islamic Arts Museum, İstanbulNothing can exceed the skill with which the Muslim wood-carvers of Persia, Syria, Egypt and Spain designed and executed the richest paneling and other decorations for wall linings, ceilings, pulpits and all kinds of fittings and furniture.[according to whom?] The mosques and private houses of Cairo, Damascus and other Oriental Cities are full of the most elaborate and minutely delicate woodwork. A favorite style of ornament was to cover the surface with very intricate interlacing patterns, formed by finely moulded ribs; the various geometrical spaces between the ribs were then filled in with small pieces of wood carved with foliage in slight relief. The use of different woods such as ebony or box, inlaid so as to emphasize the design, combined with the ingenious richness of the patterns, give this class of woodwork an almost unrivaled splendour of effect. Carved ivory is also often used for the filling in of the spaces. The Arabs are past masters in the art of carving flat surfaces in this way. A gate in the mosque of the sultan Bargoug (Cairo, 14th century) well illustrates this appreciation of lines and surfaces. The pulpit or mimbar (15th century) from a Cairo mosque, now in the Victoria and Albert Museum, is also a good example in the same style, the small spaces in this case being filled in with ivory carved in flat relief.
Screens made up of labyrinths of complicated joinery, consisting of multitudes of tiny balusters connecting hexagons, squares or other forms, with the flat surfaces constantly enriched with small carvings, are familiar to every one. In Cairo we also have examples in the mosque of Qous (12th century) of that finely arranged geometrical interlacing of curves with foliage terminations which distinguishes the Saracenic designer. Six panels in the Victoria and Albert Museum (13th century), and work on the tomb of the sultan Li Ghoury (16th century), show how deeply this form of decoration was ingrained in the Arab nature. Figure work and animals were sometimes introduced, in medieval fashion, as in the six panels just referred to, and at the hflpital du Moristan (13th century) and the mosque of El Nesfy Qeycoun (14th century). There is a magnificent panel on the door of Beyt-el-Emyr. This exquisite design is composed of vine leaves and, grapes of conventional treatment in low relief. The Arab designer was fond of breaking up his paneling in a way reminding one of a similar Jacobean custom. The main panel would be divided into a number of hexagonal, triangular or other shapes, and each small space filled in with conventional scroll work. Much of this simple flat design reminds one of that Byzantine method from which the Elizabethan carvers were inspired.
PersiaThe Persian carvers closely followed Arab design. A pair of doors of the i4th century from Samarkand (Victoria and Albert Museum) are typical. Boxes, spoons and other small articles were often fretted with interlacing lines of Saracenic character, the delicacy and minuteness of the work requiring the utmost patience and skill. Many of the patterns remind one, of the sandalwood work of Madras, with the difference that the Persians v~ere satisfied with a much lower relief. Sometimes a very beautiful result was obtained by the sparing tise of fretted lattice pattern among foliage. A fine panel of the 14th century in the Victoria and Albert Museum shows how active was Arab influence even as far as Bokhara. India and BurmaThroughout the great Indian peninsula woodcarving of the most luxurious kind has been continuously produced for many centuries. The ancient Hindu temples were decorated with doors, ceilings and various fittings carved in teak and other woods with patterns of extreme richness and minute elaboration. We have architectural remains from Kashmir Smats (Punjab) dating from the 3rd or 4th century, the patterns employed being of a bold and decorative character strongly resembling the best Elizabethan design. The doors of the teniple of Somnath, on the north-west coast, were famed for their magnificence and were highly valued as sacred relics. In 1024 they were carried off to Ghazni by the Moslem conqueror, Sultan Mahmud, and are now lying at the fort at Agra. The gates which now exist are very fine specimens of ancient woodcarving, but are probably only copies of the original very early doors. The Asiatic carver, like certain of his European brethren, is apt to be carried away by his own enthusiasm and to overcrowd his surfaces. Many a door, column, gallery or even a whole house-front is covered with the most intricate design bewildering to behold (Bhera, Shahpur). But this is not always the case, and the Oriental is at times more restrained in his methods. Architectural detail is to be seen with only a simple enrichment carved round the framing, producing the happiest result. The Hindu treatment of the circle is often exceedingly good, and might perhaps less rarely inspire western design. Sometimes native work strongly resembles Scandinavian of the 12th century. The scrolls are designed on the same lines, and foliage and flowers (beyond elementary buds) are not employed (Burma, 17th century, Victoria and Albert Museum). The pierced work of Bombay calls for note. Foliage, fruit and flowers are constantly adapted to a scheme of fret-cut decoration for doors or windows as well as the frames of chairs and the edges of tables. A reference should also be made to those wonderful sandalwood tables, cabinets and boxes to be seen in Southern India, always covered with design, often with scores of figures and monsters with every space filled in with the minutest decoration. Many of the gong stands of Burma show the highest skill; the arrangement of two figures bearing a pole from which a gong hangs is familiar. The Burmese are sculptors of proved merit. Indochina and the Far EastDetails of a Vietnamese wooden ceiling.In these countries the carver is unrivaled for deftness of hand.[citation needed] Grotesque and imitative work of the utmost perfection is produced, and many of the carvings of these countries, Japan in particular, are beautiful works of art, especially when the carver copies the lotus, lily or other aquatic plant. A favorite form of decoration consists of breaking up the architectural surfaces, such as ceilings, friezes, and columns, into framed squares and filling each panel with a circle, or diamond of conventional treatment with a spandrels in each corner. A very Chinese feature is the finial of the newel post, so constantly left more or less straight in profile and deeply carved with monsters and scrolls. A heavily enriched moulding bearing a strong resemblance to the gadroon pattern is commonly used to give emphasis to edges, and the dragon arranged in curves imitative of nature is frequently employed over a closely designed and subordinated background. Detail of a Vietnamese wooden column
The general rule that in every country designers use much the same means whereby a pattern is obtained holds good in China.[clarification needed] There are forms of band decoration here which closely resemble those of Gothic Europe, and a chair from Turkestan (3rd century) might almost be Elizabethan, so like are the details. Screens of grill form, often found in the historically Islamic countries, are common, and the deeply grounded, closely arranged patterns of Bombay also have their counterparts. The imperial dais in the Chien-Ching Hall, Pekin, is a masterpiece of intricate design. The back consists of one central panel of considerable height, with two of lesser degree on either side luxuriously carved. The whole is crowned with a very heavy crest of dragons and scroll work; the throne also is a wonderful example of carved treatment, and the doors of a cabinet in the same building show how rich an effect of foliage can be produced without the employment of stalk or scroll. One might almost say, he wastes his talent on such an ungrateful material as wood. In this material fans and other trifles are carved with a delicacy that courts disaster.
In Japan much of the Chinese type is apparent. The native carver is fond of massing foliage without the stalk to lead him. He appears to put in his foliage, fruit and flowers first and then to indicate a stalk here and there, thus reversing the order of the Western method. Such a treatment, especially when birds and beasts are introduced, has the highest decorative effect. But, as such close treatment is bound to do, it depends for success to some extent upon its scheme of color. A long panel in the Victoria and Albert Museum, depicting merchants with their packhorse, strongly resembles in its grouping and treatment Gothic work of the 15th century, as for example the panel of St Hubert in the museum at Chftlons. The strength and character of Japanese figure work is quite equal to the best Gothic sculpture of the 15th century.
AboriginalFurther information: Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas, Arts by region#OceaniaThere is a general similarity running through the carved design of most races of primitive culture,[neutrality is disputed] the chip form of ornament[clarification needed] being almost universally employed. Decorated surfaces depending almost entirely upon the incised line also obtain all over the world, and may no doubt be accounted for by the extensive use of stone cutting tools. The carver shows the same tendency to over-exalt his art by crowding on too much design as the more civilized craftsman of other lands, while he also on occasion exercises a good deal of restraint by a harmonious balance of decoration and plain space. So far as his chip designs and those patterns more or less depending on the line are concerned, his work as a rule is good and suitable, but when he takes to figure work his attempts do not usually meet with success. Primitive carving, generally, shows that very similar stages of artistic development are passed through by men of every age and race.
A very favorite style of chip pattern is that formed by small triangles and squares entirely covering a surface in the Cook Islands, the monotony being sometimes varied by a band of different arrangement in the middle of the article or at the top or bottom. So far as the cultivation of patience and accuracy is concerned, has no equal. The Fiji Islanders, employ chip designs rivaling those of Europe in variety. Upon occasion the aboriginal Marquesas carver appreciates the way in which plain surfaces contrast and emphasize decorated parts, and judiciously restricts his skill to bands of decoration or to special points. The Ijos of the lower Niger design their paddles in a masterly way, and show a fine sense of proportion between the plain and the decorated surface. Their designs, though slightly in relief, are of the chip nature. The method of decorating a subject with groups of incised lines, straight or curved, though often very effective and in every way suitable, is not a very advanced form of art and has decided limits. The natives of the Congo, now two nations, covered by the landmass of the Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo does good work of this kind.
Carving in relief is common enough, idols being produced in many forms. The South African carves the handle of his spoon perhaps in the form of a giraffe, and in the round, with each leg cut separately and the four hoofs meeting at the bowl, hardly a comfortable form of handle to hold. The North American Indian shows a wider invention than some nations, the twist in various shapes being a favorite treatment say of pipe stems. The Papuan has quite a style of his own; he uses a scroll of the form familiar in Indian shawls, and in some cases the scroll entwines in a way which faintly suggests the guilloche. The native of New Guinea also employs the scroll for a motive, the flat treatment of which reminds one of a similar method in use in Scandinavian countries. The work of the New Zealander is greatly in advance of the average primitive type;[neutrality is disputed] he uses a very good scheme of scroll work for decorative purposes, the lines of the scrolls often being enriched with a small pattern in a way reminding one of the familiar Norman treatment, as for example the prows of his canoes. The Maori wood carver sometimes carves not only the barge boards of his house but the gables also, reptilian and grotesque figures being as a rule introduced; the main posts and rafters, too, of the inside receive attention. Unlike the Hindu he has a good idea of decorative proportion, and does not plan his scheme of design on too small a scale.
References- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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Woodworking
Introduction
- Glossary of woodworking
- History of wood carving
- Wood
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Forms
- Bush carpentry
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- Woodturning
List of woodsSoftwood
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Hardwood
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ToolsSaws
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Other
- Abrasives
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GeometryJoints
- Birdsmouth
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Profiles
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Treatments
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Organizations
- American Association of Woodturners
- Architectural Woodwork Institute
- British Woodworking Federation
- Building and Wood Workers' International
- Caricature Carvers of America
- International Federation of Building and Wood Workers
- National Wood Carvers Association
- Society of Wood Engravers
- Timber Framers Guild
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1 answer
Some 4-letter words that start with O:
oaks
oaky
oars
oast
oath
oats
obey
oboe
odds
odes
odor
offs
ogle
ogre
oils
oily
oink
okay
okra
oleo
olio
omen
omit
ones
only
onto
onus
onyx
ooze
opah
opal
open
opts
opus
oral
orca
orgy
otic
ouch
ours
oust
oval
oven
over
ovum
owed
ower
owes
owls
owns
oxen
Oars, oath, obey, oboe, odds, oily, oink, okay, omen, omit, once, only, onto, open and ouch are 4 letter words. Additional words include ours, outs, oval, oven, over, owed, owls, owns and oxen.
4 letter words O: * oath * over * oven * only * onyx * ooze * oven * omit * odor * oboe * ovum * open * odds * omen * oily * ocra * opal * opus * oral * oryx * ouch * ooze * owes * owns
oval, open, owls, olay, oats, only
onus
* opus * oven * over * oval * oxen * only * orgy * omit * oath * ogle * oars * odds * obey * oboe * onto * odor * ogre * oily * okra * omen * open * oral * ouch * ours * oust
open.order.option,other
Four letter words beginning with O are:
- ogre
- okra
- oleo
- omen
- once
- onus
- opal
- open
- orca
- ouch
- oust
- oval
- oven
- over
- ovum
A four letter word starting with an "o" is: OVER
opal open obey obit oboe odor odds okra olio omit omen only onto onyx onus ooze oozy opus oral orca ouch oryx oust ovum oxen over oval oven
oaks
oars
oast
oats
obis
odds
odea
odes
odor
offs
ogre
oils
oink
okay
oleo
olio
omen
once
only
onto
onus
onyx
oops
ooze
opah
opal
open
opts
opus
oral
orbs
orca
orcs
ores
orts
otic
ouch
ours
oust
outs
oval
oven
over
ovum
owes
owed
ower
owls
owns
oxen
oxer
10 answers
an
in
on
awn
ban
ben
bin
bun
can
con
den
din
don
eon
fan
fin
fun
gin
gun
hen
hon
hun
inn
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jin
ken
kin
man
men
nan
nun
own
pan
pen
pin
pun
ran
run
sin
son
sun
tan
ten
tin
ton
urn
van
wan
when
win
won
yen
yin
yon
aeon
agin
airn
akin
Alan
amen
anon
axon
barn
bean
been
boon
born
bran
burn
carn
chin
clan
coin
raccoon
corn
cyan
darn
dawn
dean
djin
down
earn
ebon
elan
even
faun
fawn
fern
flan
gain
glen
goon
gown
gran
grin
hewn
horn
hymn
icon
iron
jean
join
keen
kern
khan
kiln
lawn
lean
lien
lion
loan
loin
loon
main
mean
mien
moan
moon
morn
mown
muon
naan
neon
noon
noun
omen
open
oven
oxen
pain
pawn
pean
peen
peon
pion
plan
porn
rain
rein
roan
ruin
sawn
scan
seen
sewn
shin
shun
sign
skin
soon
sorn
sown
span
spin
spun
stun
swan
teen
tern
than
then
thin
toon
torn
town
turn
twin
upon
vain
vein
wain
warn
wean
ween
when
worn
wren
yarn
yawn
yuan
aboon
acorn
actin
adman
admen
adorn
again
algin
alien
align
aloin
amain
ancon
anion
apian
apron
argon
arpen
arson
ashen
aspen
atman
auxin
avian
avion
axion
axman
axmen
azlon
bacon
bairn
baron
basin
baton
began
begin
begun
beton
bison
blain
blown
bogan
boron
boson
bosun
bourn
brain
brawn
brown
bruin
buran
burin
cabin
cairn
cajon
canon
capon
chain
churn
clean
clown
coden
codon
cogon
coign
colin
colon
conin
copen
cotan
coven
covin
cozen
croon
crown
cumin
cutin
cyton
daman
daven
dawen
deign
demon
Devon
dewan
divan
diwan
dizen
djinn
doven
doyen
dozen
drain
drawn
drown
eaten
eikon
elain
elfin
eloin
eosin
fagin
fanon
feign
felon
ficin
flown
foehn
frown
furan
futon
gamin
gipon
giron
given
glean
gluon
gnawn
goban
gowan
grain
green
groan
groin
grown
gyron
haven
hazan
hemin
heron
hogan
honan
hosen
human
hymen
hyson
inion
inurn
iodin
japan
jawan
jeton
jupon
kinin
known
korun
kroon
laden
lagan
lapin
laten
lauan
learn
leben
leman
lemon
levin
ligan
liken
liman
limen
linen
linin
lipin
liven
loden
Logan
loran
lumen
lupin
lysin
macon
mason
matin
maven
mavin
Mayan
melon
meson
mizen
moron
mourn
mucin
muton
ninon
niton
nomen
numen
nylon
oaken
oaten
ocean
octan
odeon
often
olden
olein
onion
opsin
orcin
organ
orpin
owsen
paean
paeon
pagan
paten
patin
pavan
pavin
pecan
pekan
pekin
pelon
pinon
piton
plain
prawn
preen
prion
purin
puton
pylon
pyran
quean
queen
quern
quoin
racon
radon
ramen
ratan
raven
ravin
rawin
rayon
recon
redan
redon
reign
reman
renin
repin
reran
rerun
resin
rewan
rewin
rewon
ricin
ripen
risen
riven
robin
roman
rosin
rouen
roven
rowan
rowen
rumen
rutin
sabin
salon
saran
sarin
sasin
satin
savin
scion
scorn
sedan
semen
serin
seton
seven
sewan
sharn
Shawn
sheen
shewn
shoon
shorn
shown
shuln
siren
skean
skeen
skein
slain
solan
solon
sozin
spawn
spean
spoon
spurn
stain
stein
stern
swain
swoon
sworn
swoun
syren
tabun
taken
takin
talon
taxon
tenon
thegn
thein
thorn
tigon
titan
token
tolan
toman
toxin
toyon
train
treen
twain
tween
tyiyn
uhlan
ulpan
unban
union
unman
unpen
unpin
unwon
urban
vegan
venin
vimen
vixen
vodun
wagon
waken
waxen
wheen
widen
wigan
witan
wizen
woken
woman
women
woven
xenon
xylan
yamen
yamun
yapon
yearn
yogin
yourn
yulan
yupon
zayin
zazen
acetin
action
acumen
adjoin
adnoun
afghan
aidman
aidmen
airman
airmen
ajowan
alanin
Aldrin
alevin
alexin
alumin
amazon
ameban
amidin
amnion
anilin
anuran
archon
arisen
arshin
ashcan
ashman
ashmen
assign
astern
aswoon
ataman
attain
attorn
atwain
atween
auburn
autumn
avidin
awaken
awoken
axeman
axemen
baboon
badman
badmen
bagman
bagmen
baleen
ballon
banian
banyan
barman
barmen
barren
baryon
basion
batman
batmen
batten
bayman
baymen
beacon
beaten
beckon
bedamn
bedpan
beduin
bemean
bemoan
benign
benzin
Berlin
bicorn
bicron
bidden
biffin
biggin
billon
biogen
biotin
bitten
blazon
bobbin
bodkin
boffin
bolson
bonbon
boreen
Boston
bouton
bowfin
bowman
bowmen
brazen
brogan
broken
bromin
brucin
bumkin
bunion
burden
Burton
buskin
busman
busmen
button
cabman
cabmen
caftan
caiman
calkin
callan
camion
cancan
cannon
canton
canyon
caplin
captan
carbon
careen
carlin
carman
Carmen
carton
carven
casein
casern
cation
catkin
catlin
cavern
cayman
cedarn
chazan
chitin
chiton
Chopin
chosen
citrin
citron
claxon
cloven
cocain
cochin
cocoon
codein
codlin
coffin
cojoin
column
common
corban
cordon
cortin
cosign
cotton
coupon
cousin
cowman
cowmen
craton
craven
crayon
crepon
cretin
croton
cummin
curran
cyanin
cymlin
daemon
dahoon
daikon
daimen
daimon
Dalton
dampen
damson
darken
deacon
deaden
deafen
decern
deepen
deewan
dehorn
demean
dentin
design
desman
detain
devein
diamin
diazin
dioxan
dioxin
disown
diuron
dobbin
doblon
dobson
dolman
dolmen
domain
donjon
dormin
dragon
driven
dromon
dubbin
dudeen
dunlin
durian
durion
dynein
eleven
elevon
eloign
emetin
emodin
endrin
enjoin
ensign
eolian
eonian
epigon
essoin
estrin
etalon
etamin
ethion
etymon
examen
exogen
extern
fadein
falcon
fallen
fanion
fasten
fatten
fibrin
firkin
firman
flacon
flagon
flamen
flavin
flaxen
florin
flyman
flymen
foeman
foemen
foison
frozen
frypan
fusain
fusion
gabion
gaboon
gagman
gagmen
gaijin
gallon
gammon
garcon
garden
garron
gascon
gaskin
gasman
gasmen
German
germen
gibbon
Gibson
gittin
globin
glucan
gluten
glycan
glycin
gnomon
goblin
godown
godson
golden
gonion
gorgon
gorhen
gossan
gotten
govern
graben
gradin
gratin
graven
grison
guanin
guenon
guidon
gulden
gunman
gunmen
gunnen
hadron
haemin
hagdon
happen
hapten
harden
harken
harmin
harpin
hasten
hatpin
hausen
hazzan
heaven
hempen
herein
hereon
heroin
hetman
hidden
hodden
hoddin
hoiden
Holden
holpen
hoyden
hyalin
hyphen
iceman
icemen
impawn
impugn
inborn
indign
inspan
intern
intown
intron
inturn
inulin
isatin
isogon
jargon
jasmin
jerkin
jetton
Jordan
kaftan
kalian
kamsin
kanban
kaolin
kation
kelson
kelvin
keppen
khazen
kippen
kitten
klaxon
kraken
kronen
kuchen
kurgan
ladron
lagoon
lallan
lardon
lateen
latten
lattin
lawman
lawmen
layman
laymen
leaden
leaven
lectin
leggin
legion
legman
legmen
lenten
lepton
lesion
lessen
lesson
leucin
leukon
lichen
lignin
linden
lippen
listen
litten
lochan
logion
lomein
longan
loosen
lotion
louden
loupen
lucern
lumpen
lungan
lurdan
lutein
macron
madden
madman
madmen
magian
maiden
malign
malkin
mammon
mannan
margin
marlin
maroon
marron
marten
martin
mascon
matron
mattin
mayvin
median
melton
Merlin
merlon
merman
mermen
mesian
messan
micron
midden
mignon
mikron
milden
minion
minyan
mispen
mitten
mizzen
modern
molten
moreen
Morgan
morgen
morion
motion
moulin
mouton
muffin
mullen
muntin
murein
muslin
mutton
myelin
myosin
nandin
nankin
napkin
nasion
nation
natron
neaten
nekton
nelson
neuron
newton
niacin
noggin
nonfan
nonman
nonmen
notion
nubbin
obtain
oilcan
oilman
oilmen
olefin
operon
oppugn
option
orcein
ordain
origan
origin
orison
orphan
ossein
outgun
outman
outran
outrun
outsin
oxygen
paesan
paisan
pangen
papain
pardon
parian
parson
partan
parton
patron
patten
paulin
peahen
peasen
pechan
pecten
pectin
penman
penmen
pennon
pepsin
pereon
perron
person
phonon
photon
phylon
phyton
pidgin
pigeon
piggin
pigpen
pinion
pinken
pinyin
pinyon
pipkin
pippin
piston
pitman
pitmen
platan
platen
pluton
poison
poleyn
pollen
pompon
ponton
popgun
poplin
postin
poteen
potion
potman
potmen
preman
premen
prison
prolan
proton
proven
pterin
ptisan
puffin
punkin
purlin
python
quinin
rabbin
raccoon
radian
raglan
ragman
ragmen
raisin
ramson
randan
rappen
ration
ratlin
ratoon
rattan
ratten
ratton
reagin
reason
reborn
reckon
recoin
redden
redfin
reearn
regain
region
rejoin
reloan
remain
rennin
renown
reopen
replan
repugn
requin
resawn
reseen
resewn
resign
resown
retain
retorn
return
rhyton
ribbon
richen
ridden
robbin
rodman
rodmen
ronion
ronyon
rotten
rurban
ryokan
sadden
saimin
salmon
saloon
sampan
sarsen
sateen
schuln
screen
seaman
seamen
season
seawan
secern
seisin
seizin
selsyn
sequin
serein
sermon
sextan
sexton
shairn
shaken
shaman
shapen
shaven
shogun
shoran
siccan
sicken
silken
silvan
simian
simlin
simoon
siphon
siskin
sitten
skyman
skymen
slogan
sloven
socman
socmen
sodden
soften
soldan
solemn
solion
soudan
sovran
spavin
spleen
spoken
sprain
stamen
stolen
stolon
stotin
strain
strewn
strown
suborn
sudden
suldan
sullen
sultan
summon
sunken
suntan
sweven
sylvan
sylvin
syphon
taipan
talion
tamein
tampan
tampon
tannin
tarpan
tarpon
tartan
tarzan
tauten
tavern
taxman
taxmen
tegmen
telson
tendon
tenpin
teopan
teston
thoron
thrawn
thrown
tiepin
tiffin
tiglon
tinman
tinmen
titian
titman
titmen
tocsin
torten
toucan
trapan
trepan
trigon
Triton
trogon
tropin
tuchun
turban
tureen
turnon
tycoon
tympan
typhon
unakin
unborn
uneven
unhewn
unison
unmown
unopen
unsawn
unseen
unsewn
unsown
unspun
untorn
unworn
uptorn
uptown
upturn
urchin
vanman
vanmen
verdin
vermin
violin
virgin
virion
vision
vodoun
waggon
wangan
wangun
wanion
wanton
warden
warren
weaken
weapon
weason
wedeln
welkin
whiten
wigeon
within
wivern
wizzen
wonton
wooden
woolen
worsen
wyvern
yaupon
yeelin
yeoman
yeomen
youpon
zeatin
zechin
zircon
abandon
abdomen
abelian
abstain
acrasin
acrogen
actinon
acyloin
adjourn
aeolian
aeonian
aglycon
agnomen
aileron
alation
albumen
albumin
alencon
aleuron
alkalin
allicin
alloxan
almsman
almsmen
alphorn
althorn
amebean
amoeban
amotion
andiron
aneurin
anlagen
antigen
antigun
antiman
antlion
apogean
arraign
artisan
aspirin
ataghan
atropin
auction
automan
automen
avellan
balloon
barchan
bargain
baseman
basemen
bassoon
bastion
batsman
batsmen
beadman
beadmen
beclown
bedeman
bedemen
bedgown
bedizen
bedouin
beechen
begroan
bellman
bellmen
benison
benzoin
betaken
bethorn
betoken
between
bighorn
billion
biotron
birchen
birdman
birdmen
bittern
bitumen
blacken
blouson
blowgun
bluefin
boatman
boatmen
bodhran
bogbean
bogyman
bogymen
bondman
bondmen
bookman
bookmen
boomkin
botulin
bounden
bourbon
bourdon
bracken
bradoon
brechan
bridoon
broaden
buckeen
buffoon
bullion
bullpen
bumpkin
burgeon
burthen
bushman
bushmen
butyrin
cabezon
caffein
caisson
caldron
campion
canakin
canikin
canteen
capelan
capelin
capstan
captain
caption
carabin
caravan
carbarn
cardoon
carotin
carrion
carryon
cartoon
cateran
caution
caveman
cavemen
celadon
ceratin
certain
cerumen
cession
chagrin
chanson
Chapman
chapmen
chasten
chazzan
chazzen
cheapen
chevron
chicken
chidden
chiffon
chignon
chitlin
chlorin
chorion
chronon
cinerin
cipolin
cistern
cistron
cithern
cithren
citizen
cittern
clachan
clarion
claypan
clubman
clubmen
coalbin
coarsen
coition
colicin
colleen
complin
concern
condemn
condign
conjoin
consign
contain
contemn
cooncan
coreign
cothurn
courlan
cowskin
crampon
creatin
crewman
crewmen
crimson
crispen
crocein
crouton
crucian
cryogen
cullion
cumarin
curtain
cushion
cutdown
cycasin
cyprian
cystein
dalapon
darshan
dasheen
dauphin
daysman
daysmen
deadpan
decagon
decrown
decuman
demeton
dendron
denizen
deraign
deskman
deskmen
destain
detrain
dextran
dextrin
diatron
diction
digoxin
dipnoan
discern
disdain
dishpan
disjoin
dislimn
distain
doeskin
dolphin
doorman
doormen
dragoon
drayman
draymen
drumlin
drunken
duckpin
dudgeon
dungeon
duramen
dustbin
dustman
dustmen
dustpan
duvetyn
earthen
eastern
ecdyson
echelon
edition
eftsoon
eidolon
einkorn
eiswein
elastin
elation
elision
elusion
elution
elysian
elytron
embrown
embryon
emotion
enation
enchain
endogen
engrain
enliven
enteron
entrain
environ
epigean
epizoon
epsilon
erasion
erepsin
erosion
etesian
eudemon
evasion
exciton
exilian
explain
exurban
faction
fashion
fenuron
fermion
festoon
fibroin
fiction
fifteen
finikin
fireman
firemen
firepan
fission
flagman
flagmen
flanken
flatten
flexion
fluorin
fluxion
foghorn
folacin
footman
footmen
foramen
foreign
foreman
foremen
foreran
forerun
forlorn
forworn
fourgon
foxskin
freeman
freemen
freshen
frisson
frogman
frogmen
fronton
fuchsin
fustian
gadroon
gallein
galleon
galloon
gamelan
gastrin
gateman
gatemen
gelatin
gentian
gherkin
gigaton
gittern
gladden
gleeman
gleemen
gliadin
glisten
glonoin
glutton
godroon
goldarn
goldurn
goodman
goodmen
gossoon
graplin
greaten
greisen
gremlin
greyhen
griffin
griffon
gripman
gripmen
griskin
grunion
grutten
gryphon
gudgeon
guerdon
habitan
hackman
hackmen
hagborn
hairpin
halcyon
halogen
handgun
hangman
hangmen
hanuman
hardpan
harijan
harpoon
harshen
headman
headmen
headpin
hearken
hearten
heathen
hegumen
helicon
hellion
hematin
heparin
herdman
herdmen
hessian
hexagon
hexosan
hirudin
hoarsen
hoatzin
hoedown
hordein
horizon
hyperon
imbrown
impregn
indamin
indican
indigen
indrawn
indulin
ingrain
ingrown
inhibin
inhuman
inkhorn
insulin
inwoven
ionogen
isospin
jacobin
jalapin
jargoon
javelin
jazzman
jazzmen
jigsawn
jillion
junkman
junkmen
juryman
jurymen
kamseen
keelson
keratin
kerogen
khamsin
kidskin
kiloton
kinetin
kingpin
kinsman
kinsmen
kipskin
kirkman
kirkmen
kitchen
klavern
kneepan
kremlin
krypton
lactean
ladykin
lambkin
lampion
lampoon
landman
landmen
lanolin
lantern
lardoon
leadman
leadmen
lectern
lection
leghorn
legumin
lensman
lensmen
lesbian
letdown
lethean
levulin
lexicon
liaison
liftman
liftmen
lighten
ligroin
limacon
limpkin
lineman
linemen
linkman
linkmen
linuron
lobefin
lorgnon
lowborn
lowdown
lupulin
luthern
lyncean
lysogen
madzoon
mailman
mailmen
malison
manakin
manikin
mansion
marchen
martian
matzoon
maudlin
maximin
meatman
meatmen
medusan
megaton
melanin
menazon
mention
mesclun
messman
messmen
metopon
midiron
midnoon
midtown
milkman
milkmen
million
millrun
minikin
minivan
miscoin
misjoin
mislain
misplan
mission
mitogen
moisten
monaxon
moneran
monsoon
monuron
moorhen
morphin
morrion
mouflon
mueddin
muezzin
mullein
mullion
munnion
murrain
mutagen
nankeen
narcein
negaton
nephron
netizen
neuston
neutron
newborn
newmown
newsman
newsmen
nicotin
ninepin
nocturn
nonagon
noniron
nuclein
nucleon
oarsman
oarsmen
octagon
oestrin
oilskin
omicron
omikron
opinion
oppidan
opsonin
oration
organon
ortolan
ottoman
ouabain
outburn
outearn
outfawn
outgain
outgrin
outlain
outplan
outseen
outspan
outturn
outworn
ovarian
ovation
overman
overmen
overran
overrun
packman
packmen
paction
paladin
pampean
papayan
paphian
paragon
passion
pastern
patroon
pattern
peebeen
pelican
pemican
penguin
pension
pereion
perigon
pertain
phaeton
picolin
pigskin
pikeman
pikemen
pillion
pirogen
plasmin
plasmon
platoon
playpen
pleuron
plosion
plowman
plowmen
plumpen
pluvian
pocosin
polaron
polygon
pontoon
popcorn
portion
posteen
postern
postman
postmen
potheen
potteen
predawn
prenoon
preplan
preteen
prewarn
pronoun
propman
propmen
protean
protein
psammon
ptomain
ptyalin
puccoon
pullman
pulsion
pumpkin
puritan
purloin
pushpin
putamen
putdown
pygmean
pyrogen
quartan
quassin
quicken
quieten
quintan
quintin
raccoon
ramekin
rampion
ratteen
rattoon
ravelin
readorn
realign
rebegan
rebegin
rebegun
reclean
recrown
redrawn
redskin
reedman
reedmen
reflown
refrain
regimen
regiven
regreen
regrown
relaxin
relearn
rerisen
reshown
retaken
retrain
reunion
rewaken
rewiden
rewoken
rewoven
rockoon
rodsman
rodsmen
rontgen
roughen
rubdown
ruction
ruffian
rundown
sabaton
sabayon
sacaton
sadiron
saffron
sagaman
sagamen
salicin
salpian
saltern
saltpan
samisen
sandman
sandmen
saponin
saurian
savarin
saxhorn
sculpin
section
seedman
seedmen
sericin
session
sextain
shaitan
sharpen
shebean
shebeen
sheitan
shipman
shipmen
shippen
shippon
shodden
shopman
shopmen
shorten
shotgun
shotten
showman
showmen
shriven
sideman
sidemen
sierran
silicon
silvern
sirloin
sixteen
slacken
sleeken
slidden
slurban
smarten
smidgen
smidgin
smitten
snowman
snowmen
sockman
sockmen
sojourn
sokeman
sokemen
solanin
soliton
soupcon
soybean
spartan
spelean
spongin
sponson
sporran
station
stearin
steepen
stemson
stepson
stewpan
stiffen
stollen
stouten
striven
stygian
suasion
subclan
subdean
suberin
subjoin
subteen
suction
sunburn
sundown
surgeon
sustain
swagman
swagmen
swanpan
sweeten
swidden
swollen
symbion
synanon
taborin
tachyon
taction
tailfan
tamarin
tampion
tardyon
taximan
taximen
tegumen
telamon
teleman
telemen
teleran
tension
ternion
terrain
terreen
tertian
testoon
theelin
therein
thereon
thiamin
thiazin
thicken
thionin
thriven
tighten
tinhorn
tolidin
tollman
tollmen
tompion
tongman
tongmen
topspin
torchon
torsion
toughen
treason
triazin
tricorn
trodden
trudgen
trypsin
tubulin
tuition
turfman
turfmen
twiggen
tylosin
typhoon
umpteen
unchain
unclean
uncrown
unction
undrawn
uneaten
unhuman
unicorn
unknown
unladen
unlearn
unrisen
unroven
unshorn
unsworn
untaken
unwoven
upgrown
uprisen
upsilon
urethan
utopian
velamen
venison
vermian
version
vervain
veteran
vibrion
vidicon
villain
villein
vitamin
vitrain
volutin
wanigan
warison
warworn
wayworn
western
wheaten
wherein
whereon
widgeon
wingman
wingmen
wireman
wiremen
woodbin
woodhen
woodman
woodmen
woollen
woolman
woolmen
workman
workmen
writhen
written
xanthan
xanthin
xylidin
yardman
yardmen
yatagan
yeggman
yeggmen
yestern
youthen
zacaton
zecchin
zillion
zithern
zymogen
zymosan
ablation
ablution
abortion
abrasion
abscisin
abutilon
acaridan
acrolein
acromion
actinian
adaption
addition
adhesion
adnation
adoption
advowson
aequorin
aeration
affusion
agnation
agrarian
airwoman
airwomen
alderman
aldermen
alfaquin
alizarin
allergen
allergin
allusion
alluvion
amanitin
ambition
amelcorn
amidogen
amoebean
amylogen
anatoxin
anchusin
androgen
antiarin
antiphon
antiporn
aphelian
aphelion
aphidian
apiarian
aquarian
arbutean
arcadian
archaean
ascidian
assassin
audition
aurorean
autobahn
aversion
aviation
avulsion
backspin
bacterin
bailsman
bailsmen
bandsman
bandsmen
barbican
bargeman
bargemen
bartisan
bartizan
baseborn
baudekin
beadsman
beadsmen
bearskin
bedarken
bedeafen
bedesman
bedesmen
befallen
begotten
beholden
bemadden
Benjamin
benzidin
berberin
bescreen
bespoken
bestrewn
bestrown
betatron
bevatron
biathlon
bigaroon
billycan
bioclean
biotoxin
blackfin
bloodfin
blowdown
bludgeon
bluesman
bluesmen
boardman
boardmen
boatsman
boatsmen
bogeyman
bogeymen
bohemian
bombesin
bondsman
bondsmen
boogyman
boogymen
boomtown
boughten
bouillon
bourgeon
boxthorn
brainpan
brakeman
brakemen
brasilin
brazilin
brethren
brighten
bromelin
bryozoan
buckbean
buckskin
bulletin
bullhorn
busulfan
cabochon
caducean
calfskin
calutron
campaign
cannabin
cannelon
cannikin
capeskin
capsicin
capuchin
carageen
cardamon
cardigan
careworn
carillon
carrotin
caryotin
catechin
cauldron
cavicorn
cephalin
cerulean
cesarean
cesarian
cetacean
chainman
chainmen
chairman
chairmen
chaldron
chamfron
champion
chanfron
chaperon
chaplain
characin
chessman
chessmen
cheveron
children
chitosan
chlordan
choreman
choremen
chrismon
christen
chymosin
cinnamon
cinquain
citation
citrinin
civilian
clansman
clansmen
coachman
coachmen
coaction
codesign
codriven
coercion
cognomen
cohesion
colistin
collagen
colophon
colorman
colormen
comedian
comedown
complain
conation
conidian
conquian
cooldown
coonskin
cooption
copatron
cordovan
cordwain
corpsman
corpsmen
cotillon
cotquean
coumarin
countian
coxswain
cragsman
cragsmen
crampoon
crankpin
creation
crumhorn
cryotron
cultigen
culverin
cyanogen
cyclamen
dairyman
dairymen
dakerhen
dalesman
dalesmen
decision
decurion
deerskin
delation
deletion
delusion
demijohn
demonian
demotion
derision
deuteron
devilkin
devotion
diapason
diazinon
dieldrin
dihedron
dilation
dilution
diluvian
diluvion
diobolon
diocesan
diolefin
dipteran
dipteron
discrown
distrain
disunion
division
dominion
donation
dotation
doubloon
downtown
downturn
dragoman
dragomen
drawdown
driftpin
duration
dutchman
dutchmen
dynatron
earthman
earthmen
eclosion
ectozoan
ectozoon
eduction
effusion
egestion
Egyptian
eighteen
Einstein
ejection
elaterin
election
electron
emblazon
embolden
emersion
emission
empoison
empyrean
emulsion
endbrain
enneagon
entozoan
entozoon
envision
ephedrin
equation
erection
erigeron
eruption
erythron
estragon
estrogen
ethephon
ethician
eudaemon
eulachan
eulachon
evection
eversion
everyman
everymen
eviction
evulsion
exaction
excision
exertion
exotoxin
facedown
falchion
fanfaron
favonian
fedayeen
fellahin
fenthion
ferritin
ferryman
ferrymen
fetation
filarian
finespun
finickin
fixation
flashgun
flatiron
flection
flexagon
florigen
flyblown
foilsman
foilsmen
footworn
forenoon
foreseen
foreskin
forewarn
foreworn
forgiven
formalin
forsaken
forsworn
foughten
fountain
fourteen
fraction
Franklin
fraulein
freeborn
freedman
freedmen
freshman
freshmen
friction
frighten
fruition
fugleman
fuglemen
function
funnyman
funnymen
furfuran
gallican
gambeson
gamesman
gamesmen
ganglion
garrison
gelation
glassman
glassmen
globulin
glucagon
glutelin
glycerin
glycogen
gnathion
goatskin
gombroon
gonfalon
gonfanon
gorgerin
gownsman
gownsmen
grandson
gravamen
graviton
gridiron
groschen
guanidin
guardian
gueridon
gumption
gypseian
gyration
haematin
halation
handsewn
handyman
handymen
harridan
hawthorn
hazelhen
headsman
headsmen
heighten
helmsman
helmsmen
hematein
henchman
henchmen
henequen
henequin
heniquen
heptagon
herdsman
herdsmen
hereupon
hermaean
highborn
himation
histamin
histidin
histogen
hoactzin
holstein
homespun
hometown
hominian
honeybun
hooligan
horseman
horsemen
hotelman
hotelmen
houseman
housemen
huntsman
huntsmen
hyalogen
hydrogen
hyoidean
hypogean
hypopyon
ideation
ignition
ignitron
iguanian
illation
illusion
imbolden
imprison
inaction
incision
infixion
infusion
inhesion
insectan
invasion
iodation
iodopsin
isochron
isopodan
isthmian
jerrican
jerrycan
jettison
junction
kaiserin
kakiemon
kallidin
karyotin
kenotron
kephalin
khamseen
klystron
krumhorn
lambskin
landsman
landsmen
langshan
lanthorn
larrigan
larrikin
lavation
laxation
laywoman
laywomen
leadsman
leadsmen
leathern
lecithin
legation
lengthen
lenition
lewisson
libation
lichenin
liegeman
liegemen
ligation
limekiln
linchpin
linesman
linesmen
linksman
linksmen
lobation
location
lockdown
locution
logician
longeron
longhorn
lookdown
lovelorn
lunarian
lunation
luncheon
luteolin
luxation
lynchpin
macaroon
macruran
madwoman
madwomen
magdalen
magician
magneton
maintain
malarian
mandarin
mandolin
mannikin
marathon
margarin
markdown
marksman
marksmen
marocain
martagon
marzipan
mastodon
melanian
melodeon
meltdown
menhaden
menschen
meridian
mesotron
metazoan
metazoon
methadon
mezereon
midbrain
mirliton
misalign
misbegan
misbegin
misbegun
misdrawn
miseaten
misgiven
misgrown
misknown
mislearn
mistaken
mistrain
misunion
moccasin
moleskin
monecian
monellin
moneyman
moneymen
monition
mortmain
motorman
motormen
moufflon
mountain
mulligan
multiton
munchkin
munition
musician
mutation
mutchkin
mycelian
myrmidon
napoleon
natation
negation
negatron
neomycin
neuraxon
nigrosin
nineteen
nitrogen
nobleman
noblemen
nongreen
nonhuman
nonpagan
nonunion
nonurban
nonwoven
northern
notation
noumenon
novation
nutation
nutbrown
nymphean
nystatin
oblation
oblivion
obsidian
occasion
octoroon
oedipean
omission
onscreen
oolachan
ophidian
optician
orthicon
ostracon
outdrawn
outeaten
outflown
outfrown
outgiven
outgnawn
outgrown
outlearn
outpreen
outscorn
outsworn
overborn
overburn
overkeen
overlain
overplan
overseen
oversewn
oversoon
overspin
overthin
overturn
overween
overworn
oxymoron
oxytocin
pagurian
palmitin
panacean
pangolin
panhuman
pannikin
pantheon
papillon
papyrian
paraffin
parazoan
parergon
partaken
partisan
partizan
parvolin
pathogen
pattypan
pauldron
pavilion
pavillon
pearmain
pelorian
pemmican
pentagon
pentosan
peregrin
perigean
petition
phenazin
phosphin
phthalin
picaroon
pitchman
pitchmen
pivotman
pivotmen
placeman
placemen
plankton
plantain
plastron
playdown
plebeian
plectron
pleuston
pliotron
pointman
pointmen
poltroon
polyzoan
position
positron
postburn
postteen
potation
pozzolan
preclean
prehuman
prenomen
preshown
pressman
pressmen
pressrun
pretrain
preunion
priapean
prochain
prochein
prolamin
propylon
protamin
prounion
psilocin
psoralen
publican
puncheon
punition
pupation
purpurin
pushdown
pygmaean
quadroon
quartern
quatrain
question
quinolin
quintain
radioman
radiomen
raftsman
raftsmen
rambutan
ramequin
ramshorn
ranchman
ranchmen
rataplan
reaction
reassign
reattain
reawaken
reawoken
rebidden
rebutton
rechosen
recision
redesign
redriven
refallen
refasten
refrozen
reharden
reinsman
reinsmen
relation
religion
remotion
reobtain
reordain
replevin
replicon
rescreen
reseason
reshaven
resorcin
respoken
restrain
resummon
revision
rhodamin
rifampin
rifleman
riflemen
rigadoon
rigaudon
riparian
roentgen
rogation
rosarian
rotation
routeman
routemen
safranin
sainfoin
salesman
salesmen
sanction
santonin
saucepan
scalepan
scallion
scansion
scarfpin
scission
scorpion
scullion
sealskin
searobin
seatrain
secretin
sedation
sedition
seedsman
seedsmen
seraphin
shadchan
shagreen
shalloon
sheepman
sheepmen
shoehorn
shopworn
showdown
shrunken
shutdown
shwanpan
sialidan
sidespin
simoleon
sirenian
skeleton
slattern
slowdown
smidgeon
smoothen
solation
solution
somewhen
sonarman
sonarmen
sorption
soundman
soundmen
southern
southron
spaceman
spacemen
spalpeen
speargun
spearman
spearmen
specimen
spelaean
spilikin
spittoon
sponsion
spontoon
squadron
squireen
stallion
stasimon
steapsin
stegodon
sternson
stickman
stickmen
stickpin
stiction
stillman
stillmen
stockman
stockmen
straiten
stricken
stridden
strucken
stubborn
stuntman
stuntmen
sturgeon
subbasin
subhuman
subtaxon
subtilin
suburban
sudation
superfan
superman
supermen
suzerain
swanskin
swingman
swingmen
swordman
swordmen
syrphian
taciturn
tailspin
takedown
talapoin
talesman
talesmen
talisman
tallyman
tallymen
tarlatan
tarletan
tarragon
taxation
teardown
teaspoon
tefillin
telethon
terrapin
tetragon
theremin
thermion
thespian
thindown
thiophen
thirteen
tholepin
threaten
thrombin
thumbkin
thymosin
thyroxin
timeworn
toboggan
toilworn
toluidin
townsman
townsmen
trackman
trackmen
traction
tragopan
trainman
trainmen
trappean
trashman
trashmen
treelawn
trillion
trimaran
troponin
truckman
truckmen
trudgeon
trueborn
trunnion
tungsten
turbofan
turndown
twinborn
unbeaten
unbenign
unbidden
unbitten
unbroken
unburden
unbutton
unchosen
uncoffin
uncommon
underpin
underran
underrun
unfallen
unfasten
unfrozen
ungotten
unloosen
unmolten
unperson
unproven
unreason
unshaken
unshapen
unshaven
unspoken
upthrown
vacation
valerian
vanillin
venation
venetian
veratrin
verboten
verseman
versemen
vesuvian
vexation
vigneron
viomycin
viridian
vitellin
vocation
volition
volution
wannigan
warfarin
watchman
watchmen
waterman
watermen
weighman
weighmen
wellborn
whaleman
whalemen
wheelman
wheelmen
whipsawn
whoreson
windburn
wineskin
wingspan
woodsman
woodsmen
woolskin
wreathen
xanthein
yachtman
yachtmen
yataghan
yestreen
zeppelin
zonation
abduction
abjection
abolition
abruption
accession
accordion
accretion
actuation
acylation
addiction
adduction
admission
adoration
adulation
advection
affection
aflatoxin
afternoon
agitation
allantoin
allethrin
alpenhorn
amphibian
amygdalin
amylopsin
anchorman
anchormen
animation
annelidan
anthelion
anthemion
anthocyan
anthozoan
antialien
antiauxin
anticodon
antihuman
antimycin
antitoxin
antiunion
antiurban
antivenin
antiwoman
appertain
apportion
ascension
ascertain
aspersion
assertion
astrakhan
asyndeton
attackman
attackmen
attention
attrition
automaton
avocation
badminton
baldachin
balmacaan
bandwagon
barbarian
barracoon
basilican
battalion
bedridden
bijection
bilirubin
bioregion
birdbrain
bisection
boatswain
bombardon
bondwoman
bondwomen
boogerman
boogermen
boogeyman
boogeymen
brannigan
breakdown
breakeven
bringdown
bromelain
broomcorn
buckthorn
cacodemon
caecilian
caesarean
caesarian
cameraman
cameramen
candlepin
caparison
capsaicin
carbanion
caretaken
carnation
carnelian
carrageen
caseation
castellan
catamaran
cathepsin
cattleman
cattlemen
causation
celloidin
centurion
cessation
chalazion
chalcogen
chameleon
champaign
charlatan
charwoman
charwomen
chatelain
chawbacon
checkrein
chelation
chelonian
chieftain
chilblain
chinkapin
chromatin
chromogen
chthonian
churchman
churchmen
ciliation
circadian
cisplatin
clampdown
clergyman
clergymen
clinician
closedown
cnidarian
coalition
cobalamin
cocaptain
cognation
cognition
colcannon
collation
collegian
collision
collodion
collusion
commotion
communion
companion
concision
condition
confusion
connexion
constrain
contagion
contusion
cornelian
cornerman
cornermen
corrasion
corrosion
cotillion
cotyledon
countdown
courtesan
cowritten
crackdown
cracksman
cracksmen
craftsman
craftsmen
cremation
crenation
criterion
crosstown
custodian
cyclopean
cyclotron
cytokinin
cytolysin
cytotoxin
dalmatian
damnation
dandelion
dealation
deathsman
deathsmen
decapodan
decathlon
deception
decillion
decoction
deduction
defection
deflation
dejection
demission
dentition
depiction
depletion
desertion
detection
detention
detrition
deviation
dictation
dietician
dietitian
diffusion
digestion
digitalin
digitonin
digitoxin
dimension
direction
disburden
disproven
disseisin
disseizin
diversion
dodecagon
doubleton
draconian
draftsman
draftsmen
duralumin
dystopian
ealdorman
ealdormen
earthborn
education
effluxion
egression
eiderdown
eledoisin
elevation
elocution
emanation
emulation
encrimson
endorphin
endotoxin
enlighten
entertain
entropion
ephemeron
epicurean
epilation
erudition
euclidean
euclidian
eutherian
evergreen
evocation
evolution
exception
exciseman
excisemen
exclusion
excretion
excursion
execution
exemption
expansion
expiation
explosion
expulsion
exsertion
extension
extortion
extrusion
exudation
eyestrain
fellaheen
fellation
fellowman
fellowmen
filiation
firethorn
firstborn
fisherman
fishermen
flagellin
flotation
foliation
forbidden
forebrain
foreknown
foreshown
foresworn
foretoken
forewoman
forewomen
forgotten
formation
francolin
furcation
gammadion
garageman
garagemen
gazillion
gemmation
gentleman
gentlemen
gerfalcon
gestalten
gestation
goitrogen
gorgonian
gradation
grantsman
grantsmen
greenhorn
grimalkin
groomsman
groomsmen
grosgrain
guardsman
guardsmen
guildsman
guildsmen
guncotton
gustation
guttation
gyrfalcon
habergeon
hagridden
halogeton
handblown
handwoven
harlequin
harmattan
hartshorn
heartburn
heliozoan
hemolysin
herculean
hifalutin
hindbrain
historian
hobgoblin
homegrown
honeymoon
horsebean
hydration
hydrozoan
ibuprofen
ichneumon
iguanodon
imitation
immersion
immunogen
impaction
impassion
implosion
impulsion
inanition
incaution
inception
inclusion
incursion
indention
indiction
indigotin
induction
infection
inflation
inflexion
ingestion
injection
insertion
intension
intention
interclan
intrusion
intuition
inunction
invention
inversion
irruption
isolation
iteration
jellybean
joyridden
kanamycin
keybutton
kilderkin
kinswoman
kinswomen
knockdown
krummhorn
lactation
lamebrain
laminarin
laudation
layperson
letterman
lettermen
leviathan
librarian
libration
lineation
liquation
liveryman
liverymen
longicorn
luciferin
lumberman
lumbermen
magnesian
magnetron
malathion
mammalian
Manhattan
mannequin
marmorean
medaillon
medallion
mediation
melatonin
mellotron
melphalan
mentation
merbromin
mercaptan
metheglin
middleman
middlemen
migration
minuteman
minutemen
misbutton
misdriven
misgovern
misreckon
misshapen
misspoken
misthrown
mitomycin
modillion
molluscan
molluskan
morphogen
mortician
mujahedin
multipion
muskmelon
mycotoxin
myoglobin
myrobalan
narration
nebenkern
nemertean
nervation
newswoman
newswomen
nightgown
ninhydrin
nitration
nonaction
nonfrozen
nonillion
nonperson
nonvirgin
nutrition
oarswoman
oarswomen
objection
obsession
obtrusion
obviation
occlusion
octillion
offscreen
olecranon
oleoresin
olfaction
ombudsman
ombudsmen
onionskin
operation
orangutan
outbidden
outdesign
outdriven
outridden
outspoken
outthrown
ovalbumin
overblown
overclean
overdrawn
overeaten
overflown
overgrown
overladen
overlearn
overtaken
overtrain
ovulation
oxacillin
oxidation
oysterman
oystermen
ozonation
palanquin
palmation
palpation
pantaloon
pantryman
pantrymen
parathion
parhelion
partition
pastedown
patrician
patrolman
patrolmen
pellagrin
peneplain
penstemon
perdition
perfusion
persimmon
pervasion
phasedown
phellogen
phelonion
phenytoin
phonation
physician
pickaroon
pistareen
placation
plainsman
plainsmen
planarian
planation
plantsman
plantsmen
plication
plutonian
policeman
policemen
pollution
polymyxin
porcelain
porphyrin
postilion
praenomen
preassign
precisian
precision
predation
prefrozen
prelusion
premodern
prenotion
preordain
prereturn
prescreen
preseason
pretorian
prevision
privation
probation
profusion
progestin
prolactin
prolusion
promotion
pronation
pronghorn
properdin
proration
prosimian
protistan
protozoan
protozoon
provision
ptarmigan
pulsation
purgation
puromycin
pyrethrin
pyroxylin
quarryman
quarrymen
quercetin
quotation
quotidian
radiation
rebellion
recension
reception
recession
reclusion
recursion
redaction
reduction
reedition
refashion
refection
reflation
reflexion
refreshen
rejection
reliction
remission
remoisten
rendition
repairman
repairmen
repattern
repletion
reptilian
repulsion
resection
restriven
retention
retighten
reversion
revulsion
rewritten
rhodopsin
ribavirin
roughhewn
roundsman
roundsmen
ruination
saccharin
sacristan
safetyman
safetymen
salaryman
salarymen
saltation
salvarsan
salvation
samaritan
sannyasin
sapogenin
saskatoon
satiation
saxitoxin
scarfskin
schlieren
schnecken
schoolman
schoolmen
sclerotin
screwbean
scutcheon
secession
seclusion
secretion
sectarian
seduction
selachian
selection
selectman
selectmen
semicolon
sensation
serotonin
serration
seventeen
shakedown
shantyman
shantymen
sharifian
sharkskin
sheepskin
shorthorn
sightseen
signalman
signalmen
siltation
simpleton
singleton
situation
snakeskin
solvation
sortition
soupspoon
sovereign
sphenodon
spillikin
spleuchan
spoilsman
spoilsmen
spokesman
spokesmen
sporozoan
sporozoon
sportsman
sportsmen
stableman
stablemen
stanchion
statesman
statesmen
steersman
steersmen
stillborn
stinkhorn
striation
strongman
strongmen
subaltern
subdeacon
sublation
submicron
subregion
suctorian
suffragan
suffusion
summation
sunscreen
superlain
superthin
suspicion
swansdown
switchman
switchmen
swordsman
swordsmen
sympathin
synkaryon
tactician
talkathon
tamoxifen
tarnation
tarpaulin
tearstain
tellurian
teratogen
thereupon
threadfin
thyratron
tillerman
tillermen
timberman
timbermen
titration
touchdown
tradesman
tradesmen
tradition
tragedian
tretinoin
triathlon
tribesman
tribesmen
trihedron
truncheon
tyrocidin
ultrathin
ululation
unbeknown
uncertain
unconcern
underlain
underspin
unitarian
untrodden
unwritten
upswollen
urination
valuation
variation
vasotocin
velveteen
venireman
veniremen
vermilion
vernation
vestryman
vestrymen
vibration
violation
vitiation
vulcanian
vulgarian
walkathon
washbasin
washerman
washermen
washwoman
washwomen
waterworn
wheelsman
wheelsmen
whereupon
windblown
wiredrawn
wisewoman
wisewomen
withdrawn
workwoman
workwomen
yachtsman
yachtsmen
yellowfin
abdication
aberration
abjuration
abnegation
abreaction
abrogation
abscission
absolution
absorption
abstention
accusation
activation
actomyosin
adaptation
adjunction
adjuration
admiration
admonition
adsorption
advocation
affixation
affliction
agglutinin
aggression
alderwoman
alderwomen
alienation
alkylation
allegation
allocation
allocution
alteration
ambulation
ammunition
ampicillin
amputation
angulation
annexation
annotation
annulation
antibaryon
antilepton
antimodern
antinomian
antipodean
antiproton
apparition
apposition
araucarian
archdeacon
arrogation
ascription
aspiration
assumption
attraction
autobahnen
autochthon
automation
bacitracin
backbitten
backgammon
balbriggan
barleycorn
batrachian
beautician
benzofuran
bestridden
biliverdin
bilocation
bipartisan
blackthorn
bloodstain
bloviation
bradykinin
browbeaten
butylation
calamondin
calcitonin
calmodulin
capitation
carcinogen
carragheen
castration
catechumen
catenation
catholicon
cavalryman
cavalrymen
cavitation
centillion
cephalexin
chairwoman
chairwomen
champignon
chapfallen
chinquapin
chirurgeon
chopfallen
chromaffin
cladoceran
clothespin
coaptation
cochairman
cochairmen
cochampion
cofunction
cogitation
collection
coloration
combustion
commission
compaction
comparison
compassion
completion
complexion
compulsion
conception
concession
conclusion
concoction
concretion
concussion
conduction
confection
confession
conflation
congestion
connection
conniption
constantan
contention
contortion
contrarian
contrition
convection
convention
conversion
conviction
convulsion
copulation
coronation
corotation
correction
corruption
councilman
councilmen
counterion
counterman
countermen
countryman
countrymen
crackbrain
crustacean
culinarian
cumulation
cunctation
curmudgeon
daunomycin
deaeration
decahedron
decimation
declension
decoration
decryption
dedication
defamation
defecation
defenceman
defencemen
defenseman
defensemen
definition
deflection
delegation
demolition
denegation
denotation
denudation
depilation
deposition
depression
deputation
derivation
dermatogen
derogation
descension
desolation
desorption
detonation
detraction
devolution
dicoumarin
digression
dilatation
diminution
discretion
discussion
dishearten
dismission
dispassion
dispersion
displosion
disruption
dissection
dissension
dissention
dissuasion
distension
distention
distortion
disulfoton
divagation
divination
domination
downfallen
drivetrain
dubitation
ebullition
elongation
eluviation
emaciation
emendation
emigration
encephalon
encryption
endosulfan
enervation
enkephalin
epilimnion
epinephrin
equestrian
equitation
eructation
erythrosin
escalation
escutcheon
estimation
estivation
etiolation
euglobulin
evacuation
evaluation
everywoman
everywomen
exaltation
excavation
excerption
excitation
execration
exhalation
exhaustion
exhibition
exhumation
expedition
expiration
exposition
expression
expressman
expressmen
expunction
exsolution
extinction
extraction
exultation
exuviation
fasciation
federation
ferredoxin
feuilleton
fibrinogen
figuration
filtration
flirtation
floatation
floodplain
floriation
flugelhorn
foreordain
forespoken
foretopman
foretopmen
foundation
freedwoman
freedwomen
freemartin
fruitarian
fumigation
garbageman
garbagemen
gargantuan
gemination
generation
gentamicin
glaciation
gleization
graduation
gramicidin
grammarian
groundsman
groundsmen
habitation
halocarbon
handmaiden
harvestman
harvestmen
hausfrauen
hebetation
hemelytron
hemipteran
hemocyanin
hemoglobin
herniation
hesitation
hesperidin
hexahedron
highwayman
highwaymen
homoousian
homopteran
horsewoman
horsewomen
houseclean
housetrain
husbandman
husbandmen
imbibition
immolation
imposition
impression
imputation
incitation
incubation
indagation
indecision
indexation
indication
induration
infarction
infixation
inflection
infliction
infraction
infrahuman
infusorian
ingression
inhalation
inhibition
inhumation
initiation
injunction
innovation
insolation
inspection
insulation
interbasin
interchain
interferon
intermedin
interocean
interorgan
interunion
interurban
interwoven
intimation
intinction
intonation
intubation
inundation
invitation
invocation
involution
iodination
ionization
irreligion
irrigation
irritation
isoantigen
ivermectin
journeyman
journeymen
jubilarian
jubilation
kallikrein
keeshonden
laceration
lambrequin
laminarian
lamination
lapidarian
laundryman
laundrymen
laureation
lederhosen
leprechaun
leucocidin
levigation
levitation
liberation
limitation
lincomycin
lipotropin
literation
litigation
lobsterman
lobstermen
lobulation
locomotion
longbowman
longbowmen
lovastatin
lustration
maceration
maculation
mangosteen
marination
markswoman
markswomen
maturation
mavourneen
medication
meditation
meromyosin
mesenteron
midsection
midshipman
midshipmen
midwestern
militiaman
militiamen
miscaption
misprision
missileman
missilemen
miswritten
mitigation
moderation
modulation
monogenean
morphactin
morulation
motivation
motoneuron
mujahedeen
mujahideen
multichain
multigrain
multiunion
mutilation
mycetozoan
navigation
nepenthean
neurotoxin
newsperson
nitrofuran
noblewoman
noblewomen
nodulation
nomination
nonaspirin
noncitizen
nonconcern
nonfiction
nonprotein
nonutopian
nonveteran
novobiocin
nucleation
numeration
nurseryman
nurserymen
obligation
obturation
occupation
octahedron
opposition
oppression
ordination
osculation
outbargain
outchidden
outstation
outwritten
overaction
overbeaten
overbidden
overburden
overdesign
overdriven
overgovern
overridden
overstrain
overstrewn
overthrown
pagination
palliation
pancreatin
patination
peculation
pedestrian
penicillin
pentathlon
pentstemon
peppercorn
pepsinogen
perception
percussion
perfection
perihelion
perikaryon
periphyton
permeation
permethrin
permission
peroration
persuasion
perversion
phenacetin
phenomenon
phlogiston
picrotoxin
pincushion
pitchwoman
pitchwomen
pixilation
plantation
politician
polyhedron
polyolefin
population
possession
postillion
postmodern
postprison
postseason
poultryman
poultrymen
praetorian
precaution
precession
precipitin
preclusion
prediction
preemption
prehension
prelection
premoisten
preportion
presweeten
pretension
prevention
procession
production
profession
proinsulin
projection
proportion
propulsion
protection
protohuman
protrusion
provitamin
psilocybin
pteranodon
punctation
quaternion
quercitron
ragamuffin
rechristen
recitation
recreation
redemption
redivision
reelection
reemission
reflection
refraction
refutation
regression
regulation
reignition
reinvasion
relaxation
relegation
relocation
renovation
reparation
repetition
reposition
repression
republican
reputation
rescission
resolution
resorption
restricken
resumption
retraction
revelation
revocation
revolution
riboflavin
rifampicin
rumination
saleswoman
saleswomen
salivation
salutation
sanitarian
sanitation
saturation
scattergun
scrubwoman
scrubwomen
scyphozoan
seminarian
senatorian
separation
septillion
serviceman
servicemen
sextillion
shantytown
shenanigan
sibilation
silkscreen
simulation
skywritten
snapdragon
sonication
spallation
speciation
splashdown
spoliation
squamation
stagnation
starvation
stentorian
stonemason
straighten
strengthen
strobotron
stuntwoman
stuntwomen
subclavian
subduction
subjection
submersion
submission
subreption
subsection
substation
subtilisin
subvention
subversion
succession
suggestion
superclean
superhuman
superwoman
superwomen
supination
suppletion
surjection
suspension
tablespoon
tabulation
technician
teleostean
television
temptation
tenderloin
terreplein
theologian
thysanuran
titivation
toleration
tourbillon
townswoman
townswomen
trabeation
trajection
transition
transposon
trawlerman
trawlermen
triggerman
triggermen
trisection
triskelion
tristearin
truncation
tryptophan
tuberculin
tumbledown
turnverein
ulceration
ultraclean
ultrahuman
unbeholden
undereaten
undertaken
undulation
unforeseen
unforgiven
urtication
usurpation
validation
vegetarian
vegetation
veneration
vermillion
visitation
waitperson
watermelon
weatherman
weathermen
windscreen
workingman
workingmen
zwitterion
abecedarian
abomination
abstraction
academician
acceptation
acclamation
acclimation
acetylation
acidulation
acoustician
acquisition
actinomycin
adumbration
aestivation
affectation
affiliation
affirmation
aggradation
aggravation
aggregation
alcyonarian
alleviation
alloantigen
altercation
alternation
ambiversion
aminopterin
ammoniation
amoxicillin
amoxycillin
amylopectin
anacoluthon
analyzation
anchorwoman
anchorwomen
angiotensin
anodization
anthocyanin
antifashion
antiforeign
antineutron
antinucleon
antiquarian
antiquation
antivitamin
appellation
application
approbation
arbitration
archenteron
arthropodan
assemblyman
assemblymen
assentation
assignation
association
atomization
attenuation
attestation
attribution
awestricken
backslidden
bacteriocin
battlewagon
bellybutton
benediction
benefaction
bifurcation
bipartition
bombination
botheration
bourguignon
brachiation
brecciation
bromination
businessman
businessmen
calcination
calculation
calibration
callipygian
calypsonian
camerawoman
camerawomen
cancelation
cantharidin
captivation
carbonation
carburetion
carrageenan
carrageenin
castigation
celebration
cementation
centenarian
centimorgan
cephalothin
ceratopsian
cerebration
chairperson
chamberlain
chiropteran
chondroitin
chrismation
chrysarobin
churchwoman
churchwomen
chylomicron
circulation
clergywoman
clergywomen
cloxacillin
coagulation
coarctation
codirection
coeducation
coelenteron
coevolution
coleopteran
collembolan
colligation
collimation
collocation
combination
commination
comminution
commutation
competition
compilation
composition
compression
compunction
computation
condonation
confliction
confutation
congelation
congressman
congressmen
conjugation
conjunction
conjuration
connotation
consecution
consolation
consumption
contraction
contraption
conurbation
convocation
convolution
cooperation
cordilleran
cornucopian
corporation
correlation
corrugation
coruscation
cosmetician
counterplan
countersign
covariation
craftswoman
craftswomen
crenelation
crenulation
crepitation
crestfallen
crimination
crocodilian
crossbowman
crossbowmen
crucifixion
cryosurgeon
ctenophoran
culmination
cultivation
cupellation
cuspidation
cyanohydrin
cybernation
cyclization
cycloolefin
deamination
debarkation
decantation
declamation
declaration
declination
decollation
decondition
decussation
defalcation
defloration
defoliation
deformation
deglutition
degradation
degustation
dehydration
deification
delectation
delineation
deliveryman
deliverymen
demarcation
denervation
denigration
deoxidation
deportation
depravation
deprecation
depredation
deprivation
dereliction
description
desecration
desiccation
designation
desperation
destination
destitution
destruction
detestation
deuteration
devaluation
devastation
diatessaron
dicotyledon
diffraction
dinosaurian
disfunction
disillusion
disjunction
dislocation
disposition
disputation
disrelation
dissipation
dissolution
distinction
distraction
downtrodden
doxorubicin
draughtsman
draughtsmen
duplication
dysfunction
edification
egalitarian
ejaculation
elaboration
electrician
elicitation
elimination
elucidation
elutriation
embarkation
embrocation
enamoration
enchiridion
enterotoxin
enucleation
enumeration
enunciation
epoxidation
eradication
erotization
esthetician
euchromatin
evagination
evaporation
examination
exclamation
excoriation
exculpation
exfoliation
exhortation
exoneration
exoskeleton
expatiation
expectation
explanation
explication
exploration
exportation
expurgation
exsiccation
extenuation
extirpation
extradition
extrication
fabrication
fascination
fecundation
fetoprotein
fibronectin
fimbriation
fisherwoman
fisherwomen
fluctuation
fluegelhorn
fluorescein
fomentation
foreshorten
forestation
formulation
fornication
frostbitten
frustration
fucoxanthin
fulguration
fulmination
fustigation
gegenschein
gentlewoman
gentlewomen
germination
gibberellin
godchildren
godforsaken
granulation
gratulation
gravitation
habituation
handwritten
handyperson
haptoglobin
heartbroken
hematoxylin
hemerythrin
hemoprotein
hemosiderin
heteroauxin
hibernation
highfalutin
holothurian
homoiousian
housebroken
houseperson
humiliation
hydrocarbon
hyperborean
hypermodern
hyphenation
hypolimnion
hypotension
icosahedron
idolization
illuviation
imagination
imbrication
immigration
impartation
impetration
implication
importation
imprecation
imprecision
inattention
incantation
incarnation
inclination
inculcation
inculpation
incurvation
indentation
indigestion
indignation
indirection
inebriation
infantryman
infantrymen
infatuation
infestation
information
infuriation
innervation
inoculation
inquisition
inscription
insinuation
inspiration
instigation
institution
instruction
integration
interaction
interfusion
interleukin
interneuron
interstrain
irradiation
itemization
itineration
jactitation
laciniation
lacrimation
lactalbumin
laicization
lamellicorn
lamentation
legerdemain
legislation
libertarian
lilliputian
lionization
lipoprotein
liposuction
liquidation
lixiviation
logistician
lubrication
lucubration
luteotropin
machination
madreporian
madrigalian
malapropian
malediction
malefaction
malfunction
malposition
manganesian
manumission
margination
mastication
mechanician
megavitamin
melioration
mensuration
merchantman
merchantmen
mercuration
metafiction
methanation
methicillin
methylation
metrication
micturition
millenarian
millimicron
milliradian
misbegotten
miscitation
miscreation
misdivision
misfunction
mislocation
misposition
misstricken
molestation
mucoprotein
multicarbon
multicolumn
multidomain
multination
multiphoton
multipiston
multiscreen
needlewoman
needlewomen
negotiation
neuropteran
neurulation
nickelodeon
nondecision
nonelection
nonmusician
nonpartisan
nonsolution
obfuscation
objurgation
obscuration
observation
obstruction
occultation
officiation
orientation
origination
orthopteran
oscillation
ostentation
outdoorsman
outdoorsmen
outstridden
overcaution
overconcern
overexplain
oversweeten
overtighten
overwritten
oviposition
oxygenation
oxyhydrogen
ozonization
palpitation
parturition
passivation
pectination
penetration
pentahedron
percolation
perennation
perforation
permutation
persecution
personation
phonetician
phycocyanin
phytoalexin
plainspoken
plasminogen
plecopteran
podophyllin
policewoman
policewomen
pollination
posttension
postulation
predication
preelection
prefreshman
prefreshmen
preignition
preinvasion
prelibation
preluncheon
premonition
premunition
preparation
preposition
preshrunken
presumption
proabortion
procreation
procrustean
procuration
profanation
progestogen
progression
prohibition
proletarian
propagation
proposition
prorogation
prosecution
prostration
prothrombin
protonation
protraction
provocation
publication
pullulation
punctuation
pustulation
quadrillion
quartersawn
quintillion
radiocarbon
radiolarian
rapscallion
rarefaction
rattlebrain
reaccession
readmission
realization
reanimation
reapportion
reassertion
recantation
reclamation
recognition
recondition
recordation
redigestion
redirection
reeducation
reformation
rehydration
reification
reinfection
reinflation
reinjection
reinsertion
reinvention
reiteration
reluctation
remediation
remigration
reoperation
reoxidation
repartition
replication
reprobation
reprovision
repudiation
requisition
reradiation
reservation
resignation
respiration
restitution
restoration
restriction
retaliation
retardation
retribution
retroaction
revaluation
rhetorician
rubrication
rustication
sacculation
salesperson
saturnalian
sauerbraten
saurischian
segregation
semiotician
septentrion
slumgullion
smokescreen
snakebitten
solmization
somatomedin
speculation
spiculation
spokeswoman
spokeswomen
sportswoman
sportswomen
sporulation
stagflation
stimulation
stipulation
stylization
subaudition
subdecision
subdivision
subjugation
subjunction
sublimation
subluxation
submunition
subornation
subrogation
subsumption
subtraction
suffixation
suffocation
sulfonation
superaltern
superharden
supermodern
supernation
superperson
supervision
superweapon
supposition
suppression
suppuration
suspiration
susurration
synchrotron
syncopation
syndication
termination
tetrahedron
thistledown
thoroughpin
thyrotropin
titillation
tourbillion
transaction
transection
transferrin
transfixion
transfusion
translation
trencherman
trenchermen
trepanation
trepidation
tribulation
trichlorfon
trickledown
trifluralin
trimetrogon
trinitarian
trituration
tropomyosin
trypsinogen
tumefaction
typewritten
tyrothricin
ultramodern
unchristian
undecillion
unification
unitization
utilitarian
utilization
vaccination
vacillation
vacuolation
valediction
variegation
vasopressin
venesection
ventilation
vindication
vivisection
washerwoman
washerwomen
weatherworn
wintergreen
workstation
zoantharian
zooplankton
abbreviation
acceleration
accentuation
accumulation
adjudication
adulteration
aesthetician
agglutinogen
aldolization
alimentation
alliteration
amalgamation
amelioration
amortization
anchorperson
annihilation
annunciation
antediluvian
antiabortion
anticipation
antidilution
antielectron
antiestrogen
antifriction
antiglobulin
antireligion
antithrombin
apperception
appreciation
apprehension
arborization
archdiocesan
archosaurian
articulation
artilleryman
artillerymen
asphyxiation
asseveration
assimilation
augmentation
auscultation
autorotation
autoxidation
bacchanalian
backcourtman
backcourtmen
backwoodsman
backwoodsmen
basification
betweenbrain
biometrician
blastulation
cachinnation
calumniation
cameraperson
canalization
cancellation
canonization
cantillation
capacitation
capitulation
chlorination
chlorohydrin
chloropicrin
churchwarden
chymotrypsin
circumcision
circumfusion
citification
civilization
civilization
claudication
coacervation
coadaptation
cocarcinogen
cochairwoman
cochairwomen
codification
cogeneration
cohabitation
colonisation
colonization
colorization
columniation
commendation
committeeman
committeemen
compellation
compensation
complexation
complication
compurgation
concanavalin
conciliation
condemnation
condensation
confirmation
confiscation
conformation
conglobation
congregation
conscription
consecration
conservation
consignation
consociation
conspiration
constipation
constitution
constriction
construction
consultation
consummation
contestation
continuation
contribution
conversation
coordination
coproduction
cosmopolitan
councilwoman
councilwomen
counterstain
countrywoman
countrywomen
craftsperson
crenellation
creolization
curarization
cyclodextrin
cytochalasin
cytoskeleton
daunorubicin
deactivation
debilitation
decapitation
deceleration
decommission
decongestion
deescalation
deflagration
degeneration
deglaciation
deionization
delamination
deliberation
delicatessen
delimitation
demodulation
demonization
denaturation
denomination
denunciation
depopulation
depreciation
deputization
deracination
deregulation
derepression
dermabrasion
desalination
desideration
despoliation
desquamation
dessertspoon
detoxication
dialectician
dibenzofuran
diencephalon
digitization
dilapidation
dimerization
disaffection
disclamation
disinfection
disinflation
dispensation
disquisition
dissertation
dissociation
distillation
distribution
divarication
dodecahedron
draftsperson
duodecillion
echolocation
effectuation
elucubration
emancipation
emargination
emasculation
embolization
encrustation
endoskeleton
energization
epithalamion
equalitarian
equalization
equivocation
erythromycin
eternization
etherization
evisceration
exacerbation
exaggeration
exasperation
excogitation
excruciation
exenteration
exercitation
exhilaration
expatriation
explantation
exploitation
extraversion
extroversion
facilitation
featherbrain
felicitation
feminization
fenestration
fermentation
ferrosilicon
fiberization
fibrillation
fibrinolysin
finalization
flagellation
flavoprotein
flocculation
fluidization
fluoridation
fluorination
fluorocarbon
focalization
frontiersman
frontiersmen
futilitarian
gasification
gastrulation
gentleperson
genuflection
geometrician
geriatrician
ghostwritten
glycoprotein
gonadotropin
griseofulvin
habilitation
hallucinogen
halogenation
halterbroken
hamantaschen
hebraization
hemodilution
hereditarian
heterokaryon
hominization
homologation
humanitarian
humanization
humification
hymenopteran
hymenopteron
hypertension
idealization
illumination
illustration
immoderation
immunization
imperfection
implantation
impregnation
inactivation
inauguration
incineration
incorruption
incrustation
indiscretion
indomethacin
infibulation
infiltration
inflammation
ingratiation
inhabitation
inosculation
insanitation
insemination
inspissation
installation
instauration
instillation
insufflation
insurrection
intellection
inteneration
interception
intercession
interdiction
interjection
intermission
internucleon
interruption
intersection
intersession
interstation
intervention
intimidation
intoxication
introduction
introjection
intromission
introversion
invagination
invalidation
invigilation
invigoration
irresolution
jurisdiction
kindergarten
labanotation
labyrinthian
laterization
latinization
legalization
legitimation
lepidopteran
liquefaction
localization
longshoreman
longshoremen
luftmenschen
luteotrophin
lysolecithin
majoritarian
malformation
malnutrition
malocclusion
malversation
manipulation
masturbation
maximization
melanization
memorization
menstruation
metropolitan
midafternoon
minimization
ministration
misdirection
miseducation
misquotation
mobilization
modification
monetization
moralization
motorization
multibillion
multimegaton
multimillion
multivitamin
nasalization
nazification
nebulization
neurosurgeon
newspaperman
newspapermen
nidification
nonadmission
nonagenarian
noneducation
noninclusion
nonlibrarian
nonphysician
nonsectarian
noradrenalin
northeastern
northwestern
notarization
notification
novelization
obliteration
obnubilation
obstetrician
octogenarian
oleandomycin
onomastician
onychophoran
optimisation
optimization
organisation
organization
ossification
overexertion
overlengthen
overreaction
overstridden
overtaxation
pacification
pancreozymin
pantechnicon
paralyzation
parkinsonian
pediatrician
penalization
perpetration
perpetuation
perspiration
perturbation
petrifaction
philodendron
pigmentation
placentation
plastocyanin
pogonophoran
polarization
polysyndeton
porphyropsin
postabortion
postdiluvian
postelection
postposition
potentiation
preadmission
precognition
precondition
predigestion
predilection
preformation
prehistorian
preinduction
prelapsarian
premigration
prerecession
presbyterian
prescription
preselection
presentation
preservation
proboscidean
proboscidian
proclamation
prolegomenon
prolongation
promulgation
propitiation
proscription
prostacyclin
prostitution
proteoglycan
protestation
prothalamion
purification
putrefaction
quantitation
quantization
racemization
ramification
ratification
reactivation
reallocation
reannexation
reassumption
recollection
recommission
reconception
reconnection
reconversion
reconviction
recuperation
redecoration
rededication
redefinition
reescalation
reevaluation
refoundation
regeneration
registration
reimposition
reimpression
reinspection
rejuvenation
remotivation
remuneration
renaturation
renomination
renunciation
reoccupation
repatriation
repercussion
replantation
repopulation
repossession
reprehension
reproduction
reregulation
restrengthen
resubmission
resurrection
reticulation
retrocession
retrodiction
retroflexion
retroversion
revalidation
revegetation
rhododendron
rhombohedron
robotization
romanization
salinization
salutatorian
sanitization
satisfaction
scatteration
scatterbrain
segmentation
servicewoman
servicewomen
sexagenarian
sexdecillion
slumpflation
solarization
solicitation
solifluction
somatostatin
somatotropin
southeastern
southwestern
spermatozoan
spermatozoon
spiegeleisen
spokesperson
statistician
stepchildren
stereopticon
sternutation
streptolysin
streptomycin
stridulation
strobilation
strophanthin
stupefaction
suberization
sublibrarian
subscription
substitution
subterranean
supersession
superstation
superstition
supersurgeon
supervention
supplication
sustentation
tessellation
tetanization
tetrodotoxin
theoretician
theorization
thyrotrophin
totalitarian
transduction
transfection
transmission
transudation
tredecillion
trephination
trichlorphon
trichopteran
trifurcation
triplication
turbellarian
typification
uglification
umbilication
underwritten
unionisation
unionization
urbanisation
urbanization
valorization
vaporization
vasodilation
vaticination
vaudevillian
velarization
verification
vesiculation
vespertilian
veterinarian
vigintillion
vilification
vinification
vitalization
vituperation
vivification
vocalization
vociferation
warehouseman
warehousemen
workingwoman
workingwomen
accommodation
accreditation
acculturation
accustomation
acetaminophen
acetification
acidification
actualization
afforestation
agglomeration
agglutination
amplification
anglicization
animadversion
animalization
anticollision
anticorrosion
antievolution
antipollution
antirecession
antirejection
appropriation
approximation
arabicization
argumentation
arithmetician
aromatization
assassination
assemblywoman
assemblywomen
authoritarian
authorization
autoinfection
bacterization
balkanization
barbarization
beatification
beneficiation
bildungsroman
bioconversion
boustrophedon
brainchildren
brutalization
businesswoman
businesswomen
calcification
callithumpian
canthaxanthin
caprification
carbonization
carbonylation
carboxylation
carburization
cartelization
catechization
cauterization
cephalization
cephalosporin
certification
ceruloplasmin
chemisorption
chromoprotein
cicatrization
circumvention
clarification
cliometrician
coalification
coastguardman
coastguardmen
cocainization
cochairperson
cocultivation
collaboration
commemoration
commiseration
communication
communitarian
communization
comprehension
concatenation
concentration
condescension
confabulation
confederation
configuration
conflagration
confrontation
congresswoman
congresswomen
consideration
consolidation
constellation
consternation
contamination
contemplation
contrabassoon
contraception
contradiction
contravention
cornification
corroboration
corticotropin
counteraction
counterbidden
customization
cybernetician
cycloaddition
cycloparaffin
dandification
decarbonation
decerebration
decomposition
decompression
decortication
decrepitation
defibrination
deforestation
degranulation
demonstration
demyelination
densification
denticulation
deodorization
deoxygenation
derealization
desegregation
deterioration
determination
diagnostician
diazotization
dieselization
digitoxigenin
discoloration
disconnection
disinhibition
dispossession
disproportion
dissemination
dissimilation
dissimulation
documentarian
documentation
dogmatization
domestication
domiciliation
dramatisation
dramatization
electrocution
encapsulation
epiphenomenon
equilibration
eroticization
expectoration
expostulation
expropriation
extermination
extrapolation
extravasation
factorization
falsification
fasciculation
fertilization
feudalization
foraminiferan
formalization
fortification
fossilization
fractionation
fragmentation
frequentation
gallicization
galvanization
geopolitician
germanization
gesticulation
ghettoization
glamorization
globalization
glorification
glycosylation
gonadotrophin
grandchildren
gratification
hallucination
handcraftsman
handcraftsmen
harmonization
haruspication
hellenization
hemagglutinin
hybridization
hydrogenation
hydroxylation
hyperfunction
hypothecation
impersonation
improvisation
incarceration
incardination
incorporation
incrimination
indisposition
individuation
inegalitarian
ingurgitation
instantiation
intercalation
interdominion
interelectron
intermountain
interpolation
interposition
interrelation
interrogation
interspersion
introgression
introspection
investigation
isoagglutinin
isomerization
italicization
jollification
justification
juxtaposition
labialization
lactoglobulin
lignification
linearization
linguistician
lithification
lowerclassman
lowerclassmen
luteinization
machicolation
macroglobulin
magnetization
magnification
malabsorption
malacostracan
maladaptation
manifestation
martyrization
mastigophoran
mathematician
matriculation
mechanization
mediterranean
megalopolitan
mercerization
mesencephalon
metallization
metaphysician
metencephalon
methemoglobin
microplankton
milliroentgen
misallocation
misassumption
miscegenation
misconception
misconnection
misestimation
misevaluation
misimpression
misperception
mitochondrion
modernisation
modernization
mollification
monocotyledon
mortification
multifunction
multitrillion
mummification
mutualization
mystification
nannoplankton
necessitarian
necessitation
nitrification
nitroglycerin
nitroparaffin
nonaggression
noncarcinogen
nonconclusion
nonconduction
nonconnection
nondeposition
nonpolitician
nonpossession
nonregulation
nonvegetarian
normalization
nucleoprotein
nullification
octodecillion
orchestration
ornamentation
ornithischian
overassertion
overattention
overeducation
overexpansion
overextension
overinflation
overnutrition
oversecretion
overvaluation
oxyhemoglobin
paediatrician
palletization
participation
patronization
pelletization
peptidoglycan
perambulation
peregrination
periodization
perseveration
petrification
photoelectron
photoemission
photoreaction
phycoerythrin
phytopathogen
phytoplankton
picturization
pidginization
pluralization
podsolization
podzolization
pontification
postinfection
postinjection
postisolation
postlapsarian
postrecession
preadaptation
precipitation
precombustion
preconception
preconvention
preconviction
predomination
prefiguration
premeditation
prenomination
preoccupation
preordination
prepossession
preproduction
prerevolution
pretelevision
pretermission
prevarication
privatization
proliferation
pronunciation
prostaglandin
psychosurgeon
pulverization
qualification
quindecillion
randomization
ratiocination
reacquisition
reaffirmation
reaggregation
reapplication
reattribution
recalculation
recalibration
reciprocation
recirculation
recombination
recompilation
recomposition
recomputation
recrimination
rectification
redescription
redisposition
reduplication
reexamination
reexportation
reforestation
reformulation
refrigeration
regimentation
regurgitation
reimportation
reincarnation
reinfestation
reinnervation
reinoculation
reintegration
relubrication
remonstration
renegotiation
reorientation
republication
repunctuation
resegregation
restimulation
resuscitation
retranslation
retroflection
retrogression
retrospection
reunification
reutilization
revaccination
reverberation
rhythmization
ritualization
routinization
ruggedization
scarification
scintillation
scleroprotein
sedimentation
semievergreen
semiporcelain
sensitisation
sensitization
sequestration
serialization
sexploitation
sexualization
signalization
signification
socialization
solemnization
somatotrophin
sovietization
specification
spectinomycin
sporopollenin
stabilization
sterilization
strangulation
structuration
suballocation
subcollection
subcommission
subgeneration
subirrigation
subordination
subpopulation
subsaturation
subsidization
subtilization
summarization
superaddition
superfetation
superposition
supersalesman
supersalesmen
supplantation
syllabication
symbolization
systemization
telencephalon
teleportation
temporization
tenderization
terpsichorean
terrorization
thyroglobulin
transcription
transgression
translocation
transmountain
transmutation
transpiration
transposition
trapezohedron
triangulation
tropocollagen
ultramarathon
underclassman
underclassmen
upperclassman
upperclassmen
valedictorian
vandalization
verbalization
verbigeration
vermiculation
vernalization
versification
victimization
visualization
vitrification
vulcanisation
vulcanization
vulgarization
weatherperson
winterization
zombification
administration
aerosolization
alkalinization
allegorization
ammonification
antiaggression
anticarcinogen
anticorruption
antidefamation
antidepression
antireflection
antisubversion
apolipoprotein
authentication
automatization
autosuggestion
axiomatisation
axiomatization
bastardization
beautification
biodegradation
bioremediation
bipolarization
bituminization
blaxploitation
bowdlerization
businessperson
capitalization
categorization
centralization
centrifugation
channelization
chemoreception
circumlocution
circumspection
circumvolution
classification
coastguardsman
coastguardsmen
commensuration
committeewoman
committeewomen
concelebration
concretization
conglomeration
conglutination
congratulation
congressperson
contraposition
corticotrophin
cotransduction
cyanocobalamin
decaffeination
dechlorination
decimalization
decolonization
decolorization
decompensation
deconsecration
deconstruction
defeminization
defenestration
defibrillation
dehumanization
delegitimation
delocalization
demobilization
demonetization
demoralization
denazification
depigmentation
depolarization
derivatization
desalinization
detoxification
digitalization
disaffiliation
disaggregation
disambiguation
disapprobation
disassociation
disciplinarian
disconsolation
discrimination
disembarkation
disinclination
disinfestation
disinformation
disintegration
disorientation
dolomitization
econometrician
emulsification
encephalitogen
envenomization
epithelization
erythropoietin
esterification
ethnohistorian
eutrophication
evangelization
exponentiation
exsanguination
fantastication
federalization
ferromagnesian
fictionization
foreordination
fraternization
fructification
gelatinization
gemeinschaften
generalisation
generalization
gentrification
geometrization
gesellschaften
graphitization
handicraftsman
handicraftsmen
homogenisation
homogenization
humidification
hyperexcretion
hyperextension
hyperinflation
hypersecretion
ichthyosaurian
identification
illegalization
immobilization
immunoglobulin
implementation
incapacitation
incoordination
indigenization
indoctrination
initialization
interanimation
intercommunion
interdiffusion
intergradation
interlineation
intermediation
interpellation
interpretation
keratinization
lateralization
latitudinarian
legitimization
lexicalisation
lexicalization
liberalization
literalization
lyophilization
lysogenization
macroevolution
microevolution
microinjection
micropulsation
militarization
mineralization
misapplication
misattribution
miscalculation
miscomputation
miscorrelation
misdescription
misinformation
misorientation
missionization
mistranslation
misutilization
mongrelization
monopolization
multiplication
musicalization
myelencephalon
naturalization
neurosecretion
neutralization
newspaperwoman
newspaperwomen
noncelebration
noncompetition
nonconsumption
noncooperation
noncorrelation
noncultivation
nondisjunction
nonimplication
nonimportation
noninformation
nonrecognition
nonsegregation
nonutilitarian
novemdecillion
osmoregulation
overcorrection
overdecoration
overestimation
overevaluation
overextraction
overmedication
overpersuasion
overpopulation
overproduction
overproportion
overprotection
overregulation
oversaturation
palatalization
parasitization
pasteurization
phosphoprotein
photoinduction
photooxidation
photoreception
photoreduction
plasticization
politicization
polymerisation
polymerization
popularization
postamputation
postconception
postconvention
postdepression
postgraduation
postliberation
postproduction
precipitinogen
predestinarian
predestination
predevaluation
predisposition
prefabrication
premillenarian
preponderation
prepublication
pressurization
presupposition
pretermination
prettification
preunification
prioritization
proprioception
prosencephalon
protohistorian
protoporphyrin
pseudoscorpion
quantification
radicalization
recanalization
recapitulation
recodification
recolonization
recommendation
reconciliation
reconfirmation
reconsecration
reconstitution
reconstruction
redintegration
redistillation
redistribution
regularization
rehabilitation
reimplantation
reinstallation
reintroduction
reinvigoration
remobilization
remonetization
reorganization
repolarization
representation
repristination
reregistration
retransmission
retrogradation
revalorization
revitalization
revivification
rhinencephalon
rigidification
sabermetrician
sanctification
saponification
schematization
schoolchildren
sclerotization
secularization
securitization
sensualization
septuagenarian
seroconversion
sesquipedalian
silicification
simplification
solidification
solitudinarian
solubilization
somnambulation
sophistication
specialisation
specialization
sportfisherman
sportfishermen
stigmatization
stratification
streptothricin
stultification
subinfeudation
substantiation
superannuation
superelevation
supererogation
superinduction
superinfection
supernutrition
superovulation
superscription
symmetrization
tatterdemalion
tergiversation
tetragrammaton
thermalization
thermojunction
thromboplastin
transamination
transformation
transmigration
transportation
transvaluation
traumatization
trisoctahedron
trivialization
ultraprecision
unappreciation
uncircumcision
underinflation
undernutrition
undervaluation
uniformitarian
valetudinarian
vasodilatation
volatilization
weatherization
westernisation
westernization
acanthocephalan
acclimatization
acetophenetidin
agribusinessman
agribusinessmen
alphabetization
antiegalitarian
antilibertarian
antisegregation
antispeculation
antivivisection
autocorrelation
autotransfusion
biostatistician
cannibalization
catheterization
cholecystokinin
circularization
circumscription
circumvallation
civilianization
codetermination
commodification
complementation
computerization
conveyorization
countercampaign
counterpetition
counterquestion
counterreaction
criminalization
crossopterygian
crystallization
cyanoethylation
deacidification
decalcification
decarboxylation
decarburization
decasualization
decertification
deconcentration
decontamination
deglamorization
dehydrogenation
demagnetization
democratization
demystification
denitrification
desacralization
desensitization
desertification
desexualization
destabilization
desulfurization
detribalization
devitrification
diagonalization
dichotomization
differentiation
disarticulation
discontinuation
disintoxication
disorganization
dissatisfaction
diversification
electrification
epichlorohydrin
etherealization
excommunication
exemplification
experimentation
extemporisation
extemporization
exteriorization
externalisation
externalization
familiarization
formularization
frenchification
hematoporphyrin
heterochromatin
hospitalization
hypercorrection
hyperinvolution
hyperproduction
hypersalivation
hypostatization
immortalization
immunodiffusion
incomprehension
inconsideration
indemnification
indetermination
infantilization
instrumentation
insubordination
intensification
intercomparison
interconnection
interconversion
interdigitation
intergeneration
interiorization
intermodulation
internalization
interpopulation
intervisitation
intrapopulation
intussusception
latensification
maldistribution
marginalization
masculinization
materialization
mathematization
megacorporation
microdissection
microprojection
miniaturization
misapprehension
misconstruction
misdistribution
misrecollection
misregistration
misvocalization
nationalization
nonconservation
nonconstruction
nonexploitation
nonintervention
nonmetropolitan
nonprescription
nontotalitarian
objectification
oligomerization
overapplication
overconsumption
overcultivation
overelaboration
overexpectation
overspeculation
overstimulation
overutilization
parametrization
parliamentarian
personalization
personification
phenolphthalein
phosphatization
phosphorylation
photoexcitation
photoionization
photoproduction
plainclothesman
plainclothesmen
platitudinarian
postdevaluation
postinoculation
postirradiation
postmillenarian
postpollination
poststimulation
posttransfusion
postvaccination
precancellation
preimplantation
prekindergarten
premodification
prenotification
preregistration
procrastination
prognostication
proselytization
prussianization
pseudepigraphon
psychohistorian
psychometrician
quadruplication
radioprotection
rationalization
reaccreditation
reafforestation
reauthorization
recertification
reconcentration
reconfiguration
reconsideration
recontamination
redetermination
refortification
regionalization
reincorporation
reinvestigation
renormalization
reorchestration
reprivatization
requalification
resocialization
retroreflection
revisualization
rhombencephalon
romanticization
semiabstraction
septendecillion
standardization
suboptimization
suborganization
suburbanization
subvocalization
superimposition
superphenomenon
supersaturation
supplementation
syllabification
synchronisation
synchronization
systematization
tetrahydrofuran
thunderstricken
thyrocalcitonin
transfiguration
transliteration
transplantation
ultrafiltration
underestimation
underproduction
vascularization
antiassimilation
anticonservation
antihumanitarian
antiorganization
antiprostitution
antitotalitarian
autoimmunization
autointoxication
biodeterioration
biomathematician
characterization
chymotrypsinogen
circumambulation
circumnavigation
coadministration
collectivization
compartmentation
containerisation
containerization
contraindication
copolymerization
counterinflation
countertradition
cryopreservation
decentralization
declassification
dehumidification
demilitarization
demineralization
denaturalization
denuclearization
depoliticization
depolymerization
depressurization
diphthongization
discombobulation
disequilibration
disqualification
editorialization
enterochromaffin
fictionalization
hemagglutination
hyperinnervation
hyperstimulation
hyperventilation
immunoregulation
indiscrimination
insolubilization
interassociation
intercalibration
intercorrelation
interpenetration
interstimulation
macroinstruction
magnetostriction
mechanoreception
microcirculation
microinstruction
misappropriation
miscommunication
miscomprehension
mispronunciation
mistranscription
municipalization
nonauthoritarian
noncommunication
noncomprehension
nonconfrontation
noncontradiction
nonmathematician
nonparticipation
nonproliferation
overcompensation
overexaggeration
overexploitation
overprescription
oversubscription
parameterization
photocoagulation
photocomposition
photoduplication
photorespiration
pictorialization
politicalization
polycondensation
postresurrection
precertification
predetermination
preincorporation
prequalification
prestidigitation
recapitalization
recentralization
reclassification
reinterpretation
remilitarization
resolidification
retransformation
rhynchocephalian
saccharification
spiritualization
subjectivization
supercorporation
superfecundation
superspeculation
synchrocyclotron
technicalization
thermoregulation
tintinnabulation
underutilization
universalization
unsophistication
vasoconstriction
weltanschauungen
anagrammatization
antiauthoritarian
antidesegregation
antimiscegenation
bacteriorhodopsin
biotransformation
bureaucratization
commercialization
conceptualization
consubstantiation
contradistinction
counteraccusation
counteradaptation
counteraggression
counterconvention
counterrevolution
countersuggestion
decriminalization
dedifferentiation
dematerialization
demythologization
denationalization
depersonalization
dephosphorylation
diphenylhydantoin
disintermediation
electrodeposition
epithelialization
fractionalization
glycosaminoglycan
hyperalimentation
hyperimmunization
hyperpigmentation
hyperpolarization
hyposensitization
immunosuppression
impersonalization
individualization
industrialization
intercolumniation
maladministration
melodramatization
micromanipulation
microreproduction
misadministration
misclassification
misidentification
misinterpretation
misrepresentation
neurotransmission
nondiscrimination
nonfraternization
orthogonalization
overcommunication
overconcentration
overextrapolation
overfertilization
particularization
photodissociation
photoreactivation
photoreproduction
provincialization
quattuordecillion
recrystallization
rehospitalization
renationalization
revascularization
ribonucleoprotein
semidomestication
structuralization
subcategorization
subclassification
supercivilization
telecommunication
theatricalization
transillumination
transistorization
antiadministration
antidiscrimination
bourgeoisification
chlorofluorocarbon
counterinstitution
counterreformation
counterretaliation
disproportionation
electrodesiccation
establishmentarian
evapotranspiration
hyperconcentration
hypersensitization
intercommunication
microencapsulation
overcapitalization
overcentralization
overclassification
overgeneralization
overidentification
overinterpretation
overrepresentation
oversimplification
overspecialization
ovolactovegetarian
photodecomposition
photosensitization
phytohemagglutinin
polyesterification
proletarianization
sentimentalization
territorialization
transmogrification
transubstantiation
adrenocorticotropin
antidesertification
conventionalization
countermobilization
cytodifferentiation
dehydrochlorination
deindustrialization
departmentalization
homotransplantation
immunoprecipitation
intellectualization
interstratification
mischaracterization
overdifferentiation
photodisintegration
photointerpretation
professionalization
reconceptualization
reindustrialization
superspecialization
ultracentrifugation
underrepresentation
adrenocorticotrophin
anthropomorphization
compartmentalization
counterdemonstration
institutionalization
internationalization
microminiaturization
photophosphorylation
pseudosophistication
constitutionalization
counterinterpretation
disestablishmentarian
overcommercialization
deinstitutionalization
reinstitutionalization
overintellectualization
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