• adjoin
• autumn

acetin, action, acumen, adjoin, adnoun, afghan, aidman, aidmen, airman, airmen, ajowan, alanin, aldrin, alevin, alexin, alumin, amazon, ameban, amidin, amnion, anilin, anuran, archon, arisen, arshin, ashcan, ashman, ashmen, assign, astern, aswoon, ataman, attain, attorn, atwain, atween, auburn, autumn, avidin, awaken, awoken, axeman, axemen

43 words

Eating raw eggs is thought to help in building muscle as they contain essential amino acids which are necessary for muscle growth and repair, however if you were to eat raw eggs, remember to do so in moderation.

Egg whites contain a protein known as avidin which permanently binds to biotin, a cofactor responsible for many essential biochemical processes within our bodies. When an excessive amounts (>20) of raw egg white is digested a biotin deficiency is created which can ultimately lead to death.

Salmonella is also a risk however the risk is extremely low (~1 egg in every 20,000 are estimated to be infected with Salmonella enteritidis).

Depends.

Eggs as such are a good source of protein. However, raw eggs MAY have a bacteria called Salmonella in them, which can make you really sick. Unless you trust the supplier it's better to cook them first.

You should not feed them the following things:

Items to avoidReasons to avoidAlcoholic beveragesCan cause intoxication, coma, and death.Baby foodCan contain onion powder, which can be toxic to dogs. (Please see onion below.) Can also result in nutritional deficiencies, if fed in large amounts.Bones from fish, poultry, or other meat sourcesCan cause obstruction or laceration of the digestive system.Cat foodGenerally too high in protein and fats.Chocolate, coffee, tea, and other caffeineContain caffeine, theobromine, or theophylline, which can be toxic and affect the heart and nervous systems.Citrus oil extractsCan cause vomiting.Fat trimmingsCan cause pancreatitis.Grapes and raisinsContain an unknown toxin, which can damage the kidneys. There have been no problems associated with grape seed extract.HopsUnknown compound causes panting, increased heart rate, elevated temperature, seizures, and death.Human vitamin supplements containing ironCan damage the lining of the digestive system and be toxic to the other organs including the liver and kidneys.Large amounts of liverCan cause Vitamin A toxicity, which affects muscles and bones.Macadamia nutsContain an unknown toxin, which can affect the digestive and nervous systems and muscle.MarijuanaCan depress the nervous system, cause vomiting, and changes in the heart rate.Milk and other dairy productsSome adult dogs and cats do not have sufficient amounts of the enzyme lactase, which breaks down the lactose in milk. This can result in diarrhea. Lactose-free milk products are available for pets.Moldy or spoiled food, garbageCan contain multiple toxins causing vomiting and diarrhea and can also affect other organs.MushroomsCan contain toxins, which may affect multiple systems in the body, cause shock, and result in death.Onions and garlic(raw, cooked, or powder)Contain sulfoxides and disulfides, which can damage red blood cells and cause anemia. Cats are more susceptible than dogs. Garlic is less toxic than onions.PersimmonsSeeds can cause intestinal obstruction and enteritis.Pits from peaches and plumsCan cause obstruction of the digestive tract.Potato, rhubarb, and tomato leaves; potato and tomato stemsContain oxalates, which can affect the digestive, nervous, and urinary systems. This is more of a problem in livestock.Raw eggsContain an enzyme called avidin, which decreases the absorption of biotin (a B vitamin). This can lead to skin and hair coat problems. Raw eggs may also contain Salmonella.Raw fishCan result in a thiamine (a B vitamin) deficiency leading to loss of appetite, seizures, and in severe cases, death. More common if raw fish is fed regularly.SaltIf eaten in large quantities it may lead to electrolyteimbalances.StringCan become trapped in the digestive system; called a "string foreign body."Sugary foodsCan lead to obesity, dental problems, and possibly diabetes mellitus.Table scraps (in large amounts)Table scraps are not nutritionally balanced. They should never be more than 10% of the diet. Fat should be trimmed from meat; bones should not be fed.TobaccoContains nicotine, which affects the digestive and nervous systems. Can result in rapid heart beat, collapse, coma, and death.Yeast doughCan expand and produce gas in the digestive system, causing pain and possible rupture of the stomach or intestines.Xylitol (artificial sweetener)Can cause liver failure.

i dont see why not :)

but here is some things dogs cant eatItems to avoidReasons to avoidAlcoholic beveragesCan cause intoxication, coma, and death.Baby foodCan contain onion powder, which can be toxic to dogs. (Please see onion below.) Can also result in nutritional deficiencies, if fed in large amounts.Bones from fish, poultry, or other meat sourcesCan cause obstruction or laceration of the digestive system.Cat foodGenerally too high in protein and fats.Chocolate, coffee, tea, and other caffeineContain caffeine, theobromine, or theophylline, which can be toxic and affect the heart and nervous systems.Citrus oil extractsCan cause vomiting.Fat trimmingsCan cause pancreatitis.Grapes and raisinsContain an unknown toxin, which can damage the kidneys. There have been no problems associated with grape seed extract.HopsUnknown compound causes panting, increased heart rate, elevated temperature, seizures, and death.Human vitamin supplements containing ironCan damage the lining of the digestive system and be toxic to the other organs including the liver and kidneys.Large amounts of liverCan cause Vitamin A toxicity, which affects muscles and bones.Macadamia nutsContain an unknown toxin, which can affect the digestive and nervous systems and muscle.MarijuanaCan depress the nervous system, cause vomiting, and changes in the heart rate.Milk and other dairy productsSome adult dogs and cats do not have sufficient amounts of the enzyme lactase, which breaks down the lactose in milk. This can result in diarrhea. Lactose-free milk products are available for pets.Moldy or spoiled food, garbageCan contain multiple toxins causing vomiting and diarrhea and can also affect other organs.MushroomsCan contain toxins, which may affect multiple systems in the body, cause shock, and result in death.Onions and garlic (raw, cooked, or powder)Contain sulfoxides and disulfides, which can damage red blood cells and cause anemia. Cats are more susceptible than dogs. Garlic is less toxic than onions.PersimmonsSeeds can cause intestinal obstruction and enteritis.Pits from peaches and plumsCan cause obstruction of the digestive tract.Potato, rhubarb, and tomato leaves; potato and tomato stemsContain oxalates, which can affect the digestive, nervous, and urinary systems. This is more of a problem in livestock.Raw eggsContain an enzyme called avidin, which decreases the absorption of biotin (a B vitamin). This can lead to skin and hair coat problems. Raw eggs may also contain Salmonella.Raw fishCan result in a thiamine (a B vitamin) deficiency leading to loss of appetite, seizures, and in severe cases, death. More common if raw fish is fed regularly.SaltIf eaten in large quantities it may lead to electrolyte imbalances.StringCan become trapped in the digestive system; called a "string foreign body."Sugary foodsCan lead to obesity, dental problems, and possibly diabetes mellitus.Table scraps (in large amounts)Table scraps are not nutritionally balanced. They should never be more than 10% of the diet. Fat should be trimmed from meat; bones should not be fed.TobaccoContains nicotine, which affects the digestive and nervous systems. Can result in rapid heart beat, collapse, coma, and death.Yeast doughCan expand and produce gas in the digestive system, causing pain and possible rupture of the stomach or intestines.Xylitol (artificial sweetener)Can cause liver failure.

no it is not poisonous. dogs can eat peanut butter. in fact most dogs love it. it is not harmful to any dog except for ones with allergies. but no matter what you should never give your dog too much of ANYTHING that they usually or don't usually do eat! don't give them really large amounts, they could choke. you should give them small amounts or from a spoon. here is a list of foods that are toxic to dogs: KNOWN TOXIC FOODS FOR DOGS.

-Emily

An egg is really three separate foods, the whole egg, the white, and the yolk, each with its own distinct nutritional profile.

A whole egg is a high-fat, high-cholesterol, high-quality protein food packaged in a high-calcium shell that can be grounded and added to any recipe. The proteins in eggs, with sufficient amounts of all the essential amino acids, are 99 percent digestible, the standard by which all other proteins are judged.

The egg white is a high-protein, low-fat food with virtually no cholesterol. Its only important vitamin is riboflavin (vitamin B2), a visible vitamin that gives egg white a slightly greenish cast. Raw egg whites contain avidin, an antinutrient that binds biotin a B complex vitamin formerly known as vitamin H, into an insoluble compound. Cooking the egg inactivates avidin.

An egg yolk is a high-fat, high-cholesterol, high-protein food, a good source of vitamin A derived from carotenes eaten by the laying hen, plus vitamin D, B vitamins, and heme iron, the form of iron most easily absorbed by your body.

One large egg has 5 g Eat (1.5 g saturated fat), 212 mg cholesterol, 6 g protein, 950 IU vitamin A (19 percent of the RDA for a man, 23.7 percent of the RDA for a woman), and 0.72 mg iron (4.8 percent of the RDA for a woman of childbearing age).

One large egg white has 4 g protein, but no Eat or cholesterol. One large egg yolk has 6 g fat (1.7 g saturated fat), 272 mg cholesterol, 3 g protein, and 970 IU vitamin A (19.4 percent of the RDA for a man, 24 percent of the RDA for a woman).

The most nutritious way to server egg is with extra whites and fewer yolks to lower the fat and cholesterol per serving.

2-letter words

ad, ae, ah, ai, an, ar, at, da, de, eh, en, er, et, ha, he, hi, id, in, it, ka, na, ne, re, ta, ti

3-letter words

adz, aid, ain, air, ait, and, ane, ani, ant, are, ark, art, ate, ave, dah, dak, dei, den, dev, die, din, dit, ear, eat, edh, end, era, ern, eta, eth, had, hae, hat, hen, her, het, hid, hie, hin, hit, ink, ire, irk, kae, kat, kea, ken, kev, khi, kid, kin, kir, kit, nae, nah, net, nit, nth, rad, rah, ran, rat, red, rei, ret, rev, ria, rid, rin, tad, tae, tan, tar, tav, tea, ted, ten, the, tie, tin, van, var, vat, vet, via, vie, vin, zed, zek, zit

4-letter words

adit, adze, aide, airn, airt, akin, ankh, ante, anti, arid, aver, avid, dank, dare, dark, darn, dart, date, daze, dean, dear, dent, deva, dhak, diet, dike, dine, dink, dint, dire, dirk, dirt, dita, dite, diva, dive, drat, drek, earn, eath, edit, etna, hade, haed, haen, haet, haik, hair, hake, hand, hank, hant, hard, hare, hark, hart, hate, have, haze, head, hear, heat, heir, hent, herd, hern, hide, hied, hike, hind, hint, hire, hive, idea, inia, inti, ired, irid, izar, kadi, kain, kane, karn, kart, keir, kent, kern, khan, khat, khet, kier, kina, kind, kine, kirn, kite, kith, kiva, knar, knit, nard, nark, nave, nazi, near, neat, nerd, nevi, nide, nidi, raid, rain, rake, raki, rand, rani, rank, rant, rate, rath, rave, raze, read, rein, rend, rent, rhea, ride, rind, rink, rite, ritz, rive, tahr, tain, take, tank, tare, tarn, teak, tear, tend, tern, thae, than, then, thin, thir, tide, tied, tier, tike, tiki, tine, tire, trad, trek, tzar, vain, vair, vane, vein, vena, vend, vent, vera, vert, vide, vied, vier, vina, vine, vita, zein, zeta, ziti

5-letter words

aider, aired, airth, aiver, anted, antre, avert, azide, azine, dater, daven, davit, deair, death, derat, diker, dinar, diner, divan, diver, dizen, drain, drake, drank, drave, drink, drive, earth, entia, hared, hated, hater, haven, haver, hazed, hazer, heard, heart, hertz, hider, hiked, hiker, hired, hived, indie, indri, inert, inked, inker, inter, irade, irate, irked, ither, ivied, khadi, kheda, kited, kiter, kithe, knave, knead, krait, nadir, naevi, naive, naked, neath, nertz, niter, nitid, nitre, radii, raked, ranid, rated, rathe, raved, raven, ravin, razed, redan, redia, reink, retia, riant, rived, riven, rivet, taken, taker, takin, tared, teiid, teind, tenia, terai, thane, thank, thein, their, thine, think, third, tinea, tined, tired, trade, traik, train, trank, trave, tread, trend, triad, tried, trike, trine, vaned, viand, vined, virid, vitae, vizir, zaire

6-letter words

advent, advert, airted, anther, ardent, avidin, daiker, danker, darken, dative, dearth, detain, diazin, dither, divert, divine, driven, haired, hanked, hanker, hankie, hanted, harden, harked, harken, hatred, hazier, hernia, hinder, hinted, hinter, indite, inkier, intake, invade, invert, invite, kainit, khazen, kinder, kirned, kithed, naiver, narked, native, nitrid, rained, ranked, ranted, ratine, ravine, reknit, retain, retina, rident, tahini, tanked, tanker, tavern, thenar, thrave, thread, thrive, tidier, tinder, tineid, tinier, tinker, tirade, trined, trivia, vahine, vainer, varied, verdin, vinier, vizard, vizier, zander, zanier, zeatin, zenith, zither

7-letter words

airthed, antired, denarii, detrain, deviant, diazine, dinkier, ditzier, diviner, hairnet, handier, inditer, inearth, inedita, inertia, inherit, invader, invited, inviter, kainite, keratin, nitride, ravined, rethink, thanked, thanker, thiazin, thinker, thrived, thriven, traiked, trained, triazin, verdant, vitrain, vitrine, zithern

8-letter words

antherid, daintier, thiazide, thiazine, triazine, vanitied, vizirate

543 words found.

3-letter words

ava, ave, avo, dev, eve, guv, ivy, kev, lav, lev, luv, ova, rev, tav, vac, van, var, vas, vat, vau, vav, vaw, vee, veg, vet, vex, via, vie, vig, vim, vin, vis, voe, von, vow, vox, vug

4-letter words

arvo, aver, aves, avid, avos, avow, bevy, cave, cavy, cove, davy, deva, devs, diva, dive, dove, eave, envy, even, ever, eves, evil, five, gave, give, guvs, gyve, have, hive, hove, java, jive, kava, kiva, kvas, lava, lave, lavs, leva, levo, levy, live, love, luvs, move, nave, navy, neve, nevi, nova, oval, oven, over, ovum, pave, rave, revs, rive, rove, save, shiv, spiv, tavs, tivy, ulva, uvea, vacs, vagi, vail, vain, vair, vale, vamp, vane, vang, vans, vara, vars, vary, vasa, vase, vast, vats, vatu, vaus, vavs, vaws, veal, veep, veer, vees, veil, vein, vela, veld, vena, vend, vent, vera, verb, vert, very, vest, veto, vets, vext, vial, vibe, vice, vide, vied, vier, vies, view, viga, vigs, vile, vill, vims, vina, vine, vino, vins, viny, viol, virl, visa, vise, vita, viva, vive, voes, void, vole, volt, vote, vows, vrow, vugg, vugh, vugs, wave, wavy, wive, wove

5-letter words

above, agave, aiver, ajiva, alive, anvil, arval, arvos, avail, avast, avens, avers, avert, avgas, avian, avion, aviso, avoid, avows, bevel, bevor, bovid, brava, brave, bravi, bravo, breve, calve, carve, caved, caver, caves, cavie, cavil, chevy, chive, chivy, civet, civic, civie, civil, civvy, clave, clavi, clove, coved, coven, cover, coves, covet, covey, covin, crave, curve, curvy, daven, davit, deave, delve, devas, devel, devil, devon, divan, divas, dived, diver, dives, divot, divvy, doven, doves, drave, drive, drove, duvet, eaved, eaves, elver, elves, envoi, envoy, ervil, evade, evens, event, evert, every, evict, evils, evite, evoke, fauve, favor, favus, fever, fiver, fives, fovea, ganev, gavel, gavot, given, giver, gives, glove, grave, gravy, grove, guava, gyved, gyves, halva, halve, haven, haver, haves, havoc, heave, heavy, helve, hived, hives, hovel, hover, ivied, ivies, ivory, javas, jived, jiver, jives, kavas, keeve, kevel, kevil, kivas, knave, kvass, laevo, larva, lavas, laved, laver, laves, leave, leavy, levee, level, lever, levin, lieve, lived, liven, liver, lives, livid, livre, lovat, loved, lover, loves, marvy, mauve, maven, mavie, mavin, mavis, moved, mover, moves, movie, naevi, naive, naval, navar, navel, naves, navvy, nerve, nervy, never, neves, nevus, nieve, nival, novae, novas, novel, oaves, ogive, olive, ovals, ovary, ovate, ovens, overs, overt, ovine, ovoid, ovoli, ovolo, ovule, parve, pavan, paved, paver, paves, pavid, pavin, pavis, peavy, peeve, pivot, privy, prove, raved, ravel, raven, raver, raves, ravin, reave, reeve, reive, revel, revet, revue, rival, rived, riven, river, rives, rivet, roved, roven, rover, roves, salve, salvo, saved, saver, saves, savin, savor, savoy, savvy, schav, selva, serve, servo, seven, sever, shave, shiva, shive, shivs, shove, sieve, silva, siver, skive, slave, soave, solve, spivs, stave, stove, suave, swive, sylva, trave, trove, ulvas, uveal, uveas, uvula, vacua, vagal, vague, vagus, vails, vairs, vakil, vales, valet, valid, valor, valse, value, valve, vamps, vanda, vaned, vanes, vangs, vapid, vapor, varas, varia, varix, varna, varus, varve, vasal, vases, vasts, vasty, vatic, vatus, vault, vaunt, veals, vealy, veena, veeps, veers, veery, vegan, vegie, veils, veins, veiny, velar, velds, veldt, velum, venae, venal, vends, venge, venin, venom, vents, venue, verbs, verge, verse, verso, verst, verts, vertu, verve, vesta, vests, vetch, vexed, vexer, vexes, vexil, vials, viand, vibes, vicar, viced, vices, vichy, video, viers, views, viewy, vigas, vigil, vigor, viler, villa, villi, vills, vimen, vinal, vinas, vinca, vined, vines, vinic, vinos, vinyl, viola, viols, viper, viral, vireo, vires, virga, virid, virls, virtu, virus, visas, vised, vises, visit, visor, vista, vitae, vital, vitta, vivas, vivid, vixen, vizir, vizor, vocal, voces, vodka, vodun, vogie, vogue, voice, voids, voila, voile, volar, voled, voles, volta, volte, volti, volts, volva, vomer, vomit, voted, voter, votes, vouch, vowed, vowel, vower, vroom, vrouw, vrows, vuggs, vuggy, vughs, vulgo, vulva, vying, waive, waved, waver, waves, wavey, weave, wived, wiver, wives, woven

6-letter words

aboves, abvolt, active, advect, advent, adverb, advert, advice, advise, agaves, aivers, ajivas, alcove, alevin, alvine, anvils, arrive, atavic, avails, avatar, avaunt, avenge, avenue, averse, averts, avians, aviary, aviate, avidin, avidly, avions, avisos, avocet, avoids, avoset, avouch, avowal, avowed, avower, avulse, beaver, beeves, behave, behove, belive, bevels, bevies, bevors, bovids, bovine, bravas, braved, braver, braves, bravos, breves, brevet, calved, calves, canvas, carved, carvel, carven, carver, carves, casava, caveat, cavern, cavers, caviar, cavies, cavils, caving, cavity, cavort, cervid, cervix, chevre, chives, chivvy, civets, civics, civies, civism, claver, claves, clavus, cleave, clever, clevis, clivia, cloven, clover, cloves, coeval, convex, convey, convoy, corvee, corves, corvet, covens, covers, covert, covets, coveys, coving, covins, cravat, craved, craven, craver, craves, culver, curved, curves, curvet, curvey, dative, davens, davies, davits, deaved, deaves, delved, delver, delves, derive, devein, devels, devest, device, devils, devise, devoid, devoir, devons, devote, devour, devout, divans, divers, divert, divest, divide, divine, diving, divots, dovens, dovish, drivel, driven, driver, drives, droved, drover, droves, duvets, dyvour, eleven, elevon, eluvia, elvers, elvish, endive, envied, envier, envies, envois, envoys, ervils, evaded, evader, evades, evened, evener, evenly, events, everts, evicts, eviler, evilly, evince, evited, evites, evoked, evoker, evokes, evolve, evzone, exuvia, fauves, favela, favism, favors, favour, fervid, fervor, fevers, fivers, flavin, flavor, foveae, foveal, foveas, frivol, ganevs, garvey, gavage, gavels, gavial, gavots, geneva, givens, givers, giving, glaive, gloved, glover, gloves, govern, graved, gravel, graven, graver, graves, gravid, greave, grieve, grivet, groove, groovy, groved, grovel, groves, guavas, gyving, halvah, halvas, halved, halves, havens, havers, having, havior, havocs, heaved, heaven, heaver, heaves, helved, helves, hiving, hooves, hovels, hovers, improv, invade, invent, invert, invest, invite, invoke, inwove, jarvey, jayvee, jivers, jiving, jovial, kavass, keeves, kelvin, kevels, kevils, kidvid, knaves, knives, kuvasz, kvases, kvetch, larvae, larval, larvas, lavabo, lavage, laveer, lavers, laving, lavish, leaved, leaven, leaver, leaves, lekvar, levant, leveed, levees, levels, levers, levied, levier, levies, levins, levity, liever, lively, livens, livers, livery, livest, livier, living, livres, livyer, loaves, louver, louvre, lovage, lovats, lovely, lovers, loving, maglev, marvel, mauves, mavens, mavies, mavins, mayvin, mikvah, mikveh, moshav, motive, movers, movies, moving, naevus, naiver, naives, native, navaid, navars, navels, navies, nerved, nerves, nevoid, nieves, novels, novena, novice, obvert, octave, octavo, oeuvre, ogival, ogives, olives, ottava, outvie, ovally, overdo, overed, overly, ovibos, ovines, ovisac, ovoids, ovolos, ovonic, ovular, ovules, pareve, parvis, pavane, pavans, paveed, pavers, paving, pavins, pavior, pavise, peavey, peeved, peeves, pelves, pelvic, pelvis, pivots, plover, prevue, privet, proved, proven, prover, proves, purvey, qiviut, quaver, quiver, ravage, ravels, ravens, ravers, ravine, raving, ravins, ravish, reaved, reaver, reaves, reavow, reeved, reeves, regave, regive, reived, reiver, reives, releve, relive, remove, renvoi, repave, revamp, reveal, revels, reverb, revere, revers, revert, revery, revest, revets, review, revile, revise, revive, revoke, revolt, revote, revues, revved, rewove, riever, rivage, rivals, rivers, rivets, riving, rovers, roving, saliva, salved, salver, salves, salvia, salvor, salvos, savage, savant, savate, savers, savine, saving, savins, savior, savors, savory, savour, savoys, schavs, scrive, scurvy, selvas, selves, serval, served, server, serves, servos, sevens, severe, severs, shaved, shaven, shaver, shaves, shavie, sheave, sheeve, shelve, shelvy, shivah, shivas, shiver, shives, shoved, shovel, shover, shoves, shrive, shrove, sieved, sieves, silvae, silvan, silvas, silver, silvex, sivers, skived, skiver, skives, skivvy, slaved, slaver, slaves, slavey, sleave, sleeve, sliver, sloven, snivel, soaves, soever, solved, solver, solves, soviet, sovran, spavie, spavin, starve, staved, staves, steeve, stiver, stover, stoves, strive, strove, suaver, survey, svaraj, svelte, swerve, sweven, swived, swivel, swives, swivet, sylvae, sylvan, sylvas, sylvin, tavern, thieve, thrave, thrive, throve, travel, traves, trevet, trivet, trivia, trover, troves, turves, twelve, uneven, unlive, unrove, unveil, unvext, unwove, updive, updove, uphove, uveous, uvulae, uvular, uvulas, vacant, vacate, vacuum, vadose, vagary, vagile, vagina, vagrom, vaguer, vahine, vailed, vainer, vainly, vakeel, vakils, valets, valgus, valine, valise, valkyr, valley, valors, valour, valses, valued, valuer, values, valuta, valval, valvar, valved, valves, vamose, vamped, vamper, vandal, vandas, vanish, vanity, vanman, vanmen, vanned, vanner, vapors, vapory, vapour, varied, varier, varies, varlet, varnas, varoom, varved, varves, vassal, vaster, vastly, vatful, vatted, vaults, vaulty, vaunts, vaunty, vaward, vealed, vealer, vector, veejay, veenas, veepee, veered, vegans, vegete, veggie, vegies, veiled, veiler, veinal, veined, veiner, velars, velate, veldts, vellum, veloce, velour, velure, velvet, vended, vendee, vender, vendor, vendue, veneer, venery, venged, venges, venial, venine, venins, venire, venoms, venose, venous, vented, venter, venues, venule, verbal, verbid, verdin, verged, verger, verges, verier, verify, verily, verism, verist, verite, verity, vermes, vermin, vermis, vernal, vernix, versal, versed, verser, verses, verset, versos, verste, versts, versus, vertex, vertus, verves, vervet, vesica, vesper, vespid, vessel, vestal, vestas, vested, vestee, vestry, vetoed, vetoer, vetoes, vetted, vexers, vexils, vexing, viable, viably, vialed, viands, viatic, viator, vibist, vibrio, vicars, vicing, victim, victor, vicuna, videos, viewed, viewer, vigils, vigors, vigour, viking, vilely, vilest, vilify, villae, villas, villus, vimina, vinals, vincas, vineal, vinery, vinier, vinify, vining, vinous, vinyls, violas, violet, violin, vipers, virago, vireos, virgas, virgin, virile, virion, viroid, virtue, virtus, visaed, visage, visard, viscid, viscus, viseed, vising, vision, visits, visive, visors, vistas, visual, vitals, vitric, vittae, vittle, vivace, vivary, vivers, vivify, vixens, vizard, vizier, vizirs, vizors, vizsla, vocals, vodkas, vodoun, voduns, vogues, voiced, voicer, voices, voided, voider, voiles, volant, volery, voling, volley, volost, voltes, volume, volute, volvas, volvox, vomers, vomica, vomito, vomits, voodoo, vortex, votary, voters, voting, votive, vowels, vowers, vowing, voyage, voyeur, vrooms, vrouws, vulgar, vulgus, vulvae, vulval, vulvar, vulvas, waived, waiver, waives, wavers, wavery, waveys, wavier, wavies, wavily, waving, weaved, weaver, weaves, weever, weevil, wharve, wherve, wivern, wivers, wiving, wolver, wolves, wovens, wyvern, zouave

A chihuahua should eat dog food.
Small breed dog food and depending on the age either puppy, adult, or senior. Your Vet can also help you select the right diet.

Well, Chi's (or most of them, at least) will eat any dog food, but if you go to PetSmart, then you can find Royal Canin food (what I feed my Chihuahua), and they can be breed specific and age specific. I highly reccommend feeding your beloved member of the family Roal Canin.
Chihuahua's should be fed food labeled for small dogs. You should give them about 1/4 to 1/3 cups, twice a day. They can also be fed people treats, but nothing spicy and ONLY in moderation, PLEASE remember how small your Chi is when feeding it... but

Please note that while we're attempting to add every food we can find that is potentially unsafe for dogs, there are certain foods that we may miss, so don't consider a food safe to feed to our dog just because it's not on this list. Do your research if you are uncertain and let us know by adding a comment below with your new information so that we can keep this list updated.

Alcohol - I'm sure you've heard of the birthday parties where the dog accidentally gets into some of the spilled keg beer, and then gets all silly to the amusement of the crowd. While it may be funny to you, it's not funny to your dog. Alcohol can cause not only intoxication, lack of coordination, poor breathing, and abnormal acidity, but potentially even coma and/or death.

Apple Seeds - Apple seeds are toxic to a dog as they contain a natural chemical that releases cyanide when digested. So, be sure to core and seed apples before you feed them to your dog.

Avocado - Avocados contain Persin, which can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and heart congestion.

Baby food - baby food by itself isn't terrible, just make sure it doesn't contain any onion powder. Baby food also doesn't contain all the nutrients a dog relies on for a healthy, well maintained diet.

Bones - the danger with bones isn't the nutritional content, nor is it necessarily the danger of chocking. Rather, you need to be careful with bones from meat sources such as chicken and fish because they can harm your dog's digestive tract when the bones splinter inside the body.

Candy and chewing gum - not only does candy contain sugar, but it often contains Xilotyl, which can lead to the over-release of insulin, kidney failure, and worse.

Cat food - not that they would want this anyways ;) but cat food contains proteins and fats that are targeted at the diet of a cat, not a dog. The protein and fat levels in cat food are too high for your dog, and not healthy.

Chocolate - You've probably heard this before, but chocolate is a definite no no for your pup. And it's not just about caffeine, which is enough to harm your dog by itself, but theobromine and theophylline, which can be toxic, cause panting, vomiting, and diarrhea, and damage your dog's heart and nervous systems.

Citrus oil extracts - can cause vomiting.

Coffee - Not sure why you would give your dog coffee, but pretty much the same applies here as to chocolate. This is essentially poison for your dog if ingested.

Corn on the cob - this is a sure way to get your dog's intestine blocked. The corn is digested, but the cob gets lodged in the small intestine, and if it's not removed surgically, can prove fatal to your dog. Additionally, too much corn kernels can upset the digestive tract as well so be cautious to not feed to much.

Fat trimmings - can cause pancreatitis.

Fish - the primary fish that you need to be careful about are salmon and trout. They contain a parasite that while not harmful to humans, even when fully cooked, can do a number on your poor pup so be cautious.

Grapes and raisins - this is one that lots of dog owners are unaware of. Grapes contain a toxin that can cause severe liver damage and kidney failure. We've heard stories of dogs dying from only a handful of grapes so do not feed your pup this toxic food.

Hops - an ingredient in beer that can be toxic to your dog. The consumption of hops by your dog can cause panting, an increased heart rate, fever, seizures, and even death.

Human vitamins - some human vitamins are okay to use - the key is comparing the ingredients (all of them - active and inactive) to the vitamins your vet subscribes for your dog (often you can get the human equivalent for much less money). Make sure there's no iron - iron can damage the digestive system lining, and prove poisonous for the liver and kidneys.

Liver - avoid feeding too much liver to your dog. Liver contains quite a bit of Vitamin A, which can adversely affect your pup's muscles and bones.

Macadamia nuts - these contain a toxin that can inhibit locomotory activities, resulting in weakness, panting, swollen limbs, and tremors as well as possible damage to your dog's digestive, nervous, and muscle systems.

Marijuana - not that you would pass the bong to your dog, but if you do, you should know that it can adversely affect your pup's nervous system and heart rate, and induce vomiting.

Milk and dairy products - while small doses aren't going to kill your dog, you could get some smelly farts and some nasty cases of diarrhea. Why? Dogs are lactose intolerant (as are an increasing number of humans today), and don't have enough of the lactase enzyme to properly digest dairy foods. If you really need to give them dairy, look into lactose-free dairy products.

Mushrooms - Just as the wrong mushroom can be fatal to humans, the same applies to dogs. Don't mess with them.

Onions, garlic, and chives - no matter what form they're in (dry, raw, cooked, powder, within other foods), onions and garlic (especially onions) are some of the absolute worst foods you could possibly give your pup (it's poisonous for dogs, and its even worse for cats). They contain disulfides and sulfoxides (thiosulphate), both of which can cause anemia and damage red blood cells.

Persimmons, peaches, and plums - if you live in an area that is home to persimmon, peach, or plum trees, look out. Persimmon seeds and peach and plum pits can cause intestinal obstruction and enteritis. You'll want to make sure there aren't any wild persimmon or other fruit trees that produce seeds growing in your backyard. If you notice your dog pooping all over the place, and see a bunch of seeds or pits in their waste, you'll need to break out the saw and chop down some trees.

Potato, rhubarb, and tomato leaves - these contain oxalates, which can adversely affect the digestive, nervous, and urinary systems.

Raw eggs - the most obvious problem here is salmonella. But raw eggs also contain the Avidin enzyme, which inhibits the absorption of vitamin B (Biotin). Your dog uses vitamin B to keep a healthy coat and skin.

Raw fish - another vitamin B (Thiamine) deficiency can result from the regular consumption of raw fish. Loss of appetite will be common, followed by seizures, and in rare instances, death.

Salt - just like salt isn't the healthiest thing for humans, it's even less healthy for dogs. Too much of it can lead to an imbalance in electrolyte levels, dehydration and potentially diarrhea.

String - while not a food itself, foods can often contain or be similar to string (ie. meat you've wrapped for the oven). If your dog were to eat a string, it could get stuck in their digestive tract and cause complications.

Sugar - this applies to any food containing sugar. Make sure you check the ingredient label for human foods - corn syrup (which is a less expensive form of sugar or glucose) is found in just about everything these days. Too much sugar for your pup can lead to dental issues, obesity, and even diabetes.

Tobacco - a major toxic hazard for dogs (and humans). The effects nicotine has on dogs are far worse than on humans. Nicotine can damage your pup's digestive and nervous systems, increase their heart rate, make them pass out, and ultimately result in death.

Yeast (on its own or in dough) - just like yeast rises in bread, it will also expand and rise within your pup's tummy. Make sure they don't get any. While mild cases will cause gas, lots of farting, and discomfort - too much of it could rupture their stomach and intestines.

Old food - you don't like old and moldy food, so what makes you think your dog will? The bacteria in spoiled food contains all sorts of toxins that can be damaging to your dog's health. Feed them the freshest and best, dog-approved food only!

Leftovers - I know it's difficult to keep your dog from feasting on your dinner left overs after they've had to sit there and watch you eat it all in front of them. But the fact is that if you feed them leftovers regularly they won't be getting a proper diet. If you do give them table scraps, make sure to take out any bones and trim down the fat.

Check the ingredients - Bottom line is be sure to know what's in the food your giving your dog. The items from the list above should definitely not be on there. You'd be surprised at how many foods contain sugar and caffeine, that you wouldn't expect to without first checking the ingredient list.

Human snacks - chips can contain garlic and onion powder, cookies may contain raisins, chocolate or macadamia nuts, etc. Bottom line - there's a reason there's food and treats made especially for dogs.

If your dog is acting strangely, or experiencing even minor symptoms including weakness, lack of coordination, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. and you think he or she may have consumed something they shouldn't have, seek a veterinarian's attention immediately. If you wait too long, your dog might not make it.

Lean meat - lean meat includes meat without bones that has had excessive fat removed. If feeding chicken and turkey, the skin should also be removed as it can be a source of fat. Lean meat includes the white meat from chicken or turkey and provides a tasty treat for your dog as well as a good source of protein.

Fruits - Not including the fruits listed above, dogs can safely enjoy bananas, apple slices, strawberries, blueberries and watermelon. The seeds should be removed from these fruits or in the case of watermelon it should be a seedless melon as most fruit seeds contain arsenic which is poisonous. Fresh fruits are a great treat to assist in training your dog and can also provide your dog with a great way to cool down on a hot summer day!

Vegetables - Certain vegetables like carrots, green beans, cucumber slices or zucchini slices all make great treats for your dog. It's a good idea to replace commercial dog treats with baby carrots if you are looking to slim your dog down a little bit. Vegetables make great low calorie snacks and good training tools as well. But stay away from canned and pickled vegetables as they contain too much salt.

Baked potatoes - A plain baked potato is okay to feed your dog but honestly it is not something that should be done frequently and should never include any toppings. A few slices of cooked baked potato can make a great treat for a patient dog at a meal time though.

White rice and pasta - White rice and pasta are frequently referred to as a potential meal for a dog with an upset stomach. Generally boiled white chicken and white rice are used to help firm up stools as well as nourish a dog that is having trouble getting any nutrition from food as a result of illness.

While there are certainly some human foods that are safe to feed your dog there are many which are unsafe and potentially poisonous when ingested by your dog. As a general rule of thumb, it is far better to be safe than sorry so avoid feeding your dog any human food unless recommended by your vet. Dogs that are not given human food or table scraps are generally better behaved than dogs who do receive people food anyway, they do not beg because they know they won't receive any scraps and they also tend to drool less and bother visitors to your home less because they understand that human food is for humans and not for them

3-letter words

ava, ave, avo, lav, tav, vav

4-letter words

aver, aves, avid, avos, avow, cave, cavy, davy, eave, gave, have, java, kava, lava, lave, lavs, nave, navy, pave, rave, save, tavs, vavs, wave, wavy

5-letter words

agave, avail, avast, avens, avers, avert, avgas, avian, avion, aviso, avoid, avows, brava, brave, bravi, bravo, caved, caver, caves, cavie, cavil, clave, clavi, crave, daven, davit, deave, drave, eaved, eaves, favor, favus, gavel, gavot, grave, gravy, guava, haven, haver, haves, havoc, heave, heavy, javas, kavas, knave, lavas, laved, laver, laves, leave, leavy, maven, mavie, mavin, mavis, naval, navar, navel, naves, navvy, oaves, pavan, paved, paver, paves, pavid, pavin, pavis, peavy, raved, ravel, raven, raver, raves, ravin, reave, saved, saver, saves, savin, savor, savoy, savvy, schav, shave, slave, soave, stave, suave, trave, waved, waver, waves, wavey, weave

6-letter words

agaves, atavic, avails, avatar, avaunt, avenge, avenue, averse, averts, avians, aviary, aviate, avidin, avidly, avions, avisos, avocet, avoids, avoset, avouch, avowal, avowed, avower, avulse, beaver, behave, bravas, braved, braver, braves, bravos, casava, caveat, cavern, cavers, caviar, cavies, cavils, caving, cavity, cavort, claver, claves, clavus, cleave, cravat, craved, craven, craver, craves, davens, davies, davits, deaved, deaves, favela, favism, favors, favour, flavin, flavor, gavage, gavels, gavial, gavots, graved, gravel, graven, graver, graves, gravid, greave, guavas, havens, havers, having, havior, havocs, heaved, heaven, heaver, heaves, kavass, knaves, lavabo, lavage, laveer, lavers, laving, lavish, leaved, leaven, leaver, leaves, loaves, mavens, mavies, mavins, moshav, navaid, navars, navels, navies, octave, octavo, ottava, pavane, pavans, paveed, pavers, paving, pavins, pavior, pavise, peavey, quaver, ravage, ravels, ravens, ravers, ravine, raving, ravins, ravish, reaved, reaver, reaves, reavow, regave, repave, savage, savant, savate, savers, savine, saving, savins, savior, savors, savory, savour, savoys, schavs, shaved, shaven, shaver, shaves, shavie, sheave, slaved, slaver, slaves, slavey, sleave, soaves, spavie, spavin, staved, staves, suaver, tavern, thrave, travel, traves, wavers, wavery, waveys, wavier, wavies, wavily, waving, weaved, weaver, weaves, zouave

7-letter words

agravic, airwave, akvavit, aquavit, atavism, atavist, availed, avarice, avatars, avellan, avenged, avenger, avenges, avenses, avenues, average, averred, averted, avgases, aviated, aviates, aviator, avidins, avidity, avionic, avocado, avocets, avodire, avoided, avoider, avosets, avowals, avowers, avowing, avulsed, avulses, baklava, beavers, behaved, behaver, behaves, bereave, bravado, bravely, bravers, bravery, bravest, braving, bravoed, bravoes, bravura, bravure, cadaver, caravan, caravel, casavas, cassava, cavalla, cavally, cavalry, caveats, caveman, cavemen, caverns, cavetti, cavetto, caviare, caviars, caviled, caviler, cavings, cavorts, centavo, clavate, clavers, clavier, cleaved, cleaver, cleaves, concave, cravats, cravens, cravers, craving, davened, deaving, deleave, deprave, disavow, dissave, enclave, engrave, enslave, exclave, favelas, favisms, favored, favorer, favours, favuses, flavine, flavins, flavone, flavors, flavory, flavour, forgave, gavages, gaveled, gavials, gavotte, gravels, gravely, gravers, gravest, gravida, gravies, graving, gravity, gravure, greaved, greaves, halavah, havarti, havened, havered, haverel, haviors, haviour, heavens, heavers, heavier, heavies, heavily, heaving, impavid, inweave, javelin, klavern, knavery, knavish, lavabos, lavages, laveers, lavrock, leavens, leavers, leavier, leaving, mavises, misaver, misgave, navaids, navally, navette, navvies, octaval, octaves, octavos, ottavas, outgave, outrave, pahlavi, palaver, pavanes, pavings, paviors, paviour, paviser, pavises, peaveys, peavies, peccavi, piasava, preaver, precava, quavers, quavery, ravaged, ravager, ravages, raveled, raveler, ravelin, ravelly, ravened, ravener, ravined, ravines, ravings, ravioli, reavail, reavers, reaving, reavows, repaved, repaves, reshave, reweave, savable, savaged, savager, savages, savanna, savants, savarin, savates, saveloy, savines, savings, saviors, saviour, savored, savorer, savours, savoury, savvied, savvier, savvies, shavers, shavies, shaving, sheaved, sheaves, slavers, slavery, slaveys, slaving, slavish, sleaved, sleaves, spavies, spaviet, spavins, staving, suavely, suavest, suavity, taverna, taverns, thraves, travail, travels, travois, unpaved, unravel, unsaved, unweave, upheave, vavasor, wavelet, waveoff, wavered, waverer, waviest, weavers, weaving, zouaves

8-letter words

airwaves, akvavits, amadavat, aquavits, atavisms, atavists, avadavat, availing, avarices, avellane, avengers, avenging, aventail, averaged, averages, averment, averring, aversely, aversion, aversive, averting, avgasses, avianize, aviaries, aviarist, aviating, aviation, aviators, aviatrix, avicular, avidness, avifauna, avigator, avionics, avocados, avodires, avoiders, avoiding, avouched, avoucher, avouches, avowable, avowably, avowedly, avulsing, avulsion, baklavas, beavered, behavers, behaving, behavior, bereaved, bereaver, bereaves, beslaved, bravados, bravoing, bravuras, burgrave, cadavers, caravans, caravels, cassavas, cavalero, cavalier, cavallas, cavatina, cavatine, caveated, caveator, cavefish, cavelike, caverned, cavettos, caviares, cavicorn, cavilers, caviling, cavilled, caviller, cavitary, cavitate, cavitied, cavities, cavorted, cavorter, centavos, clavered, clavicle, claviers, cleavage, cleavers, cleaving, concaved, concaves, conclave, cravened, cravenly, cravings, davening, deleaved, deleaves, depraved, depraver, depraves, disavows, disfavor, dissaved, dissaves, distaves, enclaves, endeavor, engraved, engraver, engraves, enravish, enslaved, enslaver, enslaves, excavate, exclaves, favonian, favorers, favoring, favorite, favoured, favourer, flavanol, flavines, flavones, flavonol, flavored, flavorer, flavours, flavoury, galavant, gaveling, gavelled, gavelock, gavotted, gavottes, gravamen, graveled, gravelly, gravidae, gravidas, gravidly, gravitas, graviton, gravures, halavahs, havartis, havdalah, havelock, havening, haverels, havering, haviours, havocked, havocker, heavenly, heaviest, heavyset, inweaved, inweaves, javelina, javelins, kavakava, kavasses, klaverns, lavaboes, lavalava, lavalier, lavalike, lavation, lavatory, laveered, lavender, laverock, lavished, lavisher, lavishes, lavishly, lavrocks, leavened, leaviest, leavings, maravedi, margrave, maverick, megavolt, misavers, moshavim, navettes, navicert, navigate, nonnaval, outbrave, outcavil, outraved, outraves, outsavor, oversave, pahlavis, palavers, paravane, pavement, pavilion, pavillon, paviours, pavisers, pavonine, peccavis, piasavas, piassava, postcava, preavers, precavae, precaval, quavered, quaverer, ravagers, ravaging, ravelers, raveling, ravelins, ravelled, raveller, raveners, ravening, ravenous, ravigote, ravingly, ravining, raviolis, ravished, ravisher, ravishes, reavails, reavowed, repaving, reshaved, reshaven, reshaves, reweaved, reweaves, savagely, savagery, savagest, savaging, savagism, savannah, savannas, savarins, saveable, saveloys, savingly, saviours, savorers, savorier, savories, savorily, savoring, savorous, savoured, savourer, savviest, savvying, scavenge, shavable, shavings, sheaving, slavered, slaverer, sleaving, spavined, stravage, stravaig, tavernas, taverner, travails, traveled, traveler, travelog, traverse, travesty, travoise, unavowed, unravels, unsavory, unshaved, unshaven, unweaves, upheaval, upheaved, upheaver, upheaves, vavasors, vavasour, vavassor, waveband, waveform, waveless, wavelets, wavelike, waveoffs, waverers, wavering, waviness

9-letter words

affidavit, aggravate, amadavats, atavistic, autoclave, avadavats, available, availably, avalanche, avascular, aventails, averagely, averaging, averments, aversions, avianized, avianizes, aviarists, aviations, avidities, avifaunae, avifaunal, avifaunas, avigators, avirulent, avocadoes, avocation, avoidable, avoidably, avoidance, avouchers, avouching, avulsions, avuncular, balaclava, beavering, behaviors, behaviour, bereavers, bereaving, biconcave, bravadoes, braveries, burgraves, cadaveric, caravaned, caravaner, cavalcade, cavaleros, cavaletti, cavaliers, cavallies, cavalries, cavatinas, caveating, caveators, caverning, cavernous, cavillers, cavilling, cavitated, cavitates, cavorters, cavorting, clavering, clavicles, cleavable, cleavages, concaving, concavity, conclaves, cravening, davenport, deleaving, depravers, depraving, depravity, disavowal, disavowed, disfavors, dissaving, drawshave, eavesdrop, endeavors, endeavour, endleaves, engravers, engraving, enslavers, enslaving, excavated, excavates, excavator, extravert, favorable, favorably, favorites, favourers, favouring, flavanols, flavanone, flavonoid, flavonols, flavorers, flavorful, flavoring, flavorist, flavoured, flyleaves, galavants, gavelkind, gavelling, gavelocks, gavotting, gravamens, gravamina, graveless, graveling, gravelled, graveness, graveside, graveyard, gravidity, gravitate, gravities, gravitons, havdalahs, havelocks, haversack, havockers, havocking, heaviness, inweaving, javelinas, javelined, kavakavas, knaveries, knavishly, lavalavas, lavaliere, lavaliers, lavations, laveering, lavenders, laverocks, lavishers, lavishest, lavishing, leavening, lifesaver, maravedis, margraves, mavericks, megavolts, microwave, misbehave, navicerts, navicular, navigable, navigably, navigated, navigates, navigator, outbraved, outbraves, outcavils, outraving, outsavors, overfavor, oversaved, oversaves, palavered, palsgrave, paravanes, pavements, pavilions, pavillons, piassavas, postcavae, postcaval, pretravel, quaverers, quavering, ravelings, ravellers, ravelling, ravelment, ravenings, ravigotes, ravishers, ravishing, reavailed, reavowing, reengrave, reshaving, reweaving, ribavirin, rotavirus, savagisms, savannahs, savoriest, savorless, savourers, savourier, savouries, savouring, scavenged, scavenger, scavenges, shaveling, shavetail, shortwave, slaverers, slaveries, slavering, slavishly, stravaged, stravages, stravaigs, suaveness, suavities, superwave, taverners, tipstaves, travailed, travelers, traveling, travelled, traveller, travelogs, traversal, traversed, traverser, traverses, travoises, unaverage, unraveled, unweaving, upheavals, upheavers, upheaving, vavasours, vavassors, wavebands, waveforms, waveguide, waveshape

10-letter words

affidavits, aftershave, aggravated, aggravates, architrave, autoclaved, autoclaves, avalanched, avalanches, avaricious, aventurine, averseness, aversively, avgolemono, avianizing, aviatrices, aviatrixes, aviculture, avidnesses, avocations, avoidances, avouchment, balaclavas, behavioral, behaviours, cadaverine, cadaverous, caravaners, caravaning, caravanned, caravanner, cavalcades, cavaliered, cavalierly, cavalletti, cavalryman, cavalrymen, cavefishes, cavitating, cavitation, clavichord, clavicular, clavierist, cofavorite, contravene, cowlstaves, cravenness, davenports, depravedly, disavowals, disavowing, disfavored, drawshaves, eavesdrops, endeavored, endeavours, engravings, enravished, enravishes, excavating, excavation, excavators, extraverts, favoritism, flagstaves, flavanones, flavonoids, flavorings, flavorists, flavorless, flavorsome, flavouring, galavanted, gavelkinds, gravelling, gravesides, gravestone, graveyards, gravimeter, gravimetry, gravitases, gravitated, gravitates, haversacks, heavenlier, heavenward, interleave, interweave, intravital, intravitam, javelining, lavalieres, lavalliere, lavatories, lavendered, lavishness, leavenings, lifesavers, lifesaving, longleaves, margravate, margravial, margravine, mavourneen, meatloaves, microwaved, microwaves, misaverred, misbehaved, misbehaver, misbehaves, naviculars, navigating, navigation, navigators, outbraving, outcaviled, outsavored, overfavors, overlavish, oversaving, palavering, palsgraves, papaverine, pavilioned, pikestaves, preaverred, ravagement, ravellings, ravelments, ravenously, ravishment, reavailing, reengraved, reengraves, ribavirins, riboflavin, savageness, savageries, savoriness, savouriest, scavengers, scavenging, semiquaver, shavelings, shavetails, shinleaves, shortwaves, slavocracy, spokeshave, stavesacre, stravaging, stravaiged, subaverage, subclavian, superheavy, superwaves, supravital, timesaving, travailing, travellers, travelling, travelogue, traversals, traversers, traversing, travertine, travestied, travesties, ultraheavy, ultravacua, unavailing, unfavorite, unleavened, unraveling, unravelled, unravished, untraveled, unwavering, waveguides, wavelength, wavelessly, waveringly, waveshapes, wavinesses, weaverbird

11-letter words

acriflavine, aftershaves, aggravating, aggravation, antigravity, antislavery, architraves, autoclaving, avalanching, aventurines, averageness, avgolemonos, avicultures, avocational, avoirdupois, avouchments, avuncularly, beaverboard, behaviorism, behaviorist, bereavement, biconcavity, cadaverines, caravanners, caravanning, caravansary, cavaliering, cavalierism, cavernously, cavitations, clavichords, clavierists, cofavorites, concavities, contravened, contravener, contravenes, depravation, depravement, depravities, disavowable, disfavoring, endeavoring, endeavoured, enravishing, enslavement, excavations, extravagant, extravagate, extravasate, extraverted, favoritisms, flavorfully, galavanting, gravenesses, gravestones, gravidities, gravimeters, gravimetric, gravitating, gravitation, gravitative, heavenliest, heavenwards, heavinesses, heavyweight, interleaved, interleaves, interweaved, interweaves, intravenous, laborsaving, lavallieres, lavendering, lifesavings, margravates, margraviate, margravines, mavourneens, megavitamin, microwaving, misaverring, misbehavers, misbehaving, misbehavior, navigations, outcaviling, outcavilled, outsavoring, overfavored, papaverines, papovavirus, pavilioning, pentavalent, preaverring, quaveringly, ravagements, ravishingly, ravishments, reengraving, riboflavins, rotaviruses, rotogravure, semiquavers, slaveholder, slavishness, spokeshaves, stavesacres, stravaiging, suavenesses, subclavians, sugarloaves, tetravalent, travelogues, traversable, travertines, travestying, ultravacuum, ultraviolet, ultravirile, unavailable, unavoidable, unavoidably, unfavorable, unfavorably, unravelling, untraversed, wavelengths, weaverbirds

12-letter words

acriflavines, aggravations, availability, avariciously, avascularity, aversenesses, aversiveness, aviculturist, avitaminoses, avitaminosis, avitaminotic, avuncularity, beaverboards, behaviorally, behaviorisms, behaviorists, bereavements, bioavailable, cadaverously, caravanserai, cavalierisms, clavieristic, cloverleaves, concanavalin, contraoctave, contraveners, contravening, cravennesses, depravations, depravedness, depravements, eavesdropped, eavesdropper, endeavouring, enslavements, excavational, extravagance, extravagancy, extravaganza, extravagated, extravagates, extravasated, extravasates, extraversion, flavoprotein, gravimetries, gravitations, heavenliness, heavyhearted, heavyweights, interleaving, interweaving, intravitally, lavishnesses, margraviates, megavitamins, microgravity, microwavable, misbehaviors, navigability, navigational, oncornavirus, outcavilling, overfavoring, photoengrave, photogravure, picornavirus, ravenousness, rotogravures, savagenesses, savorinesses, slaveholders, slaveholding, slavocracies, supergravity, superheavies, supravitally, ultravacuums, ultraviolent, ultraviolets, unavailingly, unwaveringly

13-letter words

antigravities, antislaveries, atavistically, availableness, averagenesses, aviculturists, avocationally, avoirdupoises, behavioristic, biconcavities, caravansaries, caravanserais, cavernicolous, clavichordist, concanavalins, contraoctaves, contravention, eavesdroppers, eavesdropping, extravagances, extravagantly, extravaganzas, extravagating, extravasating, extravasation, extravascular, extraversions, favorableness, flavoproteins, gravitational, interbehavior, intravascular, intravenously, leatherleaves, microwaveable, nonbehavioral, papovaviruses, photoengraved, photoengraver, photoengraves, photogravures, quarterstaves, slaveholdings, slavishnesses, ultraviolence, ultravirility

14-letter words

availabilities, avariciousness, avascularities, aversivenesses, avuncularities, circumnavigate, clavichordists, contraventions, demisemiquaver, depravednesses, extravagancies, extravasations, extravehicular, heavenlinesses, heavyheartedly, interbehaviors, microgravities, navigabilities, navigationally, oncornaviruses, papillomavirus, photoengravers, photoengraving, picornaviruses, ravenousnesses, supergravities, ultraviolences, unavailability, unavailingness

15-letter words

ariboflavinoses, ariboflavinosis, availablenesses, bioavailability, circumnavigated, circumnavigates, circumnavigator, demisemiquavers, favorablenesses, gravimetrically, gravitationally, interbehavioral, intravascularly, multiwavelength, nonavailability, overextravagant, photoengravings, subcontraoctave, ultravirilities, unfavorableness

16-letter words

avariciousnesses, circumnavigating, circumnavigation, circumnavigators, heavyheartedness, intraventricular, nongravitational, papillomaviruses, subcontraoctaves, superheavyweight, supraventricular, unavailabilities, unavailingnesses

17-letter words

ariboflavinosises, bioavailabilities, circumnavigations, interavailability, nonavailabilities, superheavyweights, unfavorablenesses

18-letter words

heavyheartednesses, hemidemisemiquaver, intraventricularly

19-letter words

hemidemisemiquavers, interavailabilities

1633 words found.

Vitamin A

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B12

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Biotin

Folic Acid

Niacin

Pantothenic Acid

Riboflavin

Thiamin

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin which means it can be dissolved in fat. Vitamin A is carried through the body by fat. The body can store this type of vitamin in fat tissue. Getting too much can be harmful.

Vitamin A can come from animal sources such as:

• eggs
  
• fortified milk
  
• liver
  
• oils of some fish
  

This form of Vitamin A is called retinal or retinol.

Vitamin A is also found in plants. This form is called carotenoids. Substances such as beta-carotene are converted from carotenoids into vitamin A in the body. Beta-carotene is one of the most common carotenoids. Carotenoids are pigments found in deep orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables. They are also found in many dark-green leafy vegetables, such as:

• carrots
  
• pumpkin and other squashes
  
• sweet potatoes
  
• cantaloupe
  
• broccoli
  
• spinach

Vitamin B6 is found in legumes such as:

• peas
• beans
• nuts
• eggs
• meats
• fish
• whole grains
• fortified breads and cereals.
  

Vitamin B6 helps the body:

• build protein
  
• make antibodies, which are key to a strong immune system
  
• make hormones
  
• make red blood cells and keep nerve tissue healthy
  
• process and digest protein
  

The Recommended Dietary Allowance, called RDA, for vitamin B6 for men is 2 milligrams (mcg) per day; for women, it's 1.6 mcg per day. People who eat a well-balanced diet should get enough vitamin B6. Most people do not need to take supplements. Someone with a vitamin B6 deficiency can suffer from:

• mouth sores
  
• nausea
  
• nervousness
  
• fatigue
  
• dizziness
  
• convulsions, which are sudden, uncontrollable muscle spasms
  

A person can get too much vitamin B6. This only happens when high doses, more than 50 to 500 times the RDA, are taken over months or years. This can cause temporary or permanent nerve damage.

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin. It can dissolve in water. It is one of the B-complex vitamins. The B complex includes:

• B1
  
• B2
  
• B6
  
• pantothenic acid
  
• folic acid
  
• niacin
  
• biotin
  

Vitamin B12 is found in animal foods, fortified foods, and some fermented foods. Some sources of B12 are:

• eggs
  
• meat
  
• poultry
  
• fish
  
• dairy products
  
• tempeh and miso, which both come from soy
  

The amount of B12 in some foods includes:

• salmon, cooked (3 oz) = 2.6 mcg (micrograms)
  
• beef tenderloin lean, broiled (3 oz) = 2.2 mcg
  
• milk (1 cup) = 0.5 mcg
  

Vitamin B12 helps the body:

• make red blood cells, with folic acid, another B-vitamin
  
• work with many chemicals found in all body cells
  
• copy the genetic code within each cell
  
• form and maintain the nervous system
  
• build and maintain protective coating around nerves
  
• digest and use fats, carbohydrates, and some proteins for energy
  
• form neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin, that help regulate mood, sleep, and appetite
  

The recommended dietary allowance for adults, called RDA, for vitamin B12 is 2 micrograms (mcg) per day. For pregnant women, the RDA is 2.2 mcg; for nursing women, it is 2.6 mcg. A microgram is a very small amount. Since the only dietary sources of B12 are animal products, strict vegetarians may need to take supplements. They may also eat foods that have had the vitamin added.

Not getting enough vitamin B12 can cause:

• anemia
  
• fatigue
  
• nerve damage, with symptoms such as tingling sensations and numbness
  
• smooth tongue
  
• very sensitive skin
  
• muscle and nerve paralysis
  

Some people have trouble absorbing B12. Other people may just have poor dietary intake. Anemia can be treated with injections of B12. Strict vegetarians who eat no animal products, their infants, and older people are at the highest risk for vitamin B12 deficiency. For these people, eating fortified foods and/or taking dietary supplements can help prevent a deficiency. High intakes of folic acid can hide this type of anemia.

Getting too much vitamin B12 has no known symptoms or toxicity. Since it is water-soluble, any extra leaves the body in the urine. There is no proof that taking extra B12 boosts energy. Vitamins do not provide calories or create energy. Vitamins can help break down nutrients that yield energy. These nutrients include carbohydrate, protein, and fat.

Calcium is needed to help the body absorb vitamin B12. A deficiency of either iron or vitamin B6 can decrease the amount of B12 the body is able to absorb.

Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin. This means that it can be dissolved in water. Water-soluble vitamins are carried throughout the body in the bloodstream. They are, for the most part, not stored in the body. The body uses what it needs and the rest is passed in the urine.
The best sources of vitamin C are fruits and vegetables. Citrus fruits such as:

• oranges
• orange juice
• grapefruit
• and tangerines
• melons
• kiwi
• strawberries

Vegetables such as:

• broccoli
• sweet green and red peppers
• potatoes (with skin)
• tomatoes
• brussels sprouts

Cabbage and many dark green leafy vegetables are all good sources of vitamin C. Vitamin C can be easily lost in foods when they are cooked or handled improperly.

Fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables are the best choices for getting vitamin C. Canned vegetables lose vitamin C during processing. If the canning water is thrown out, even more is lost. Freezing has little effect on Vitamin C. Cooking vegetables too long at high heats, for example boiling, can destroy vitamin C. Most of the vitamin C is left in the cooking water, which is usually thrown away. Cutting and slicing fruits and vegetables leaves a greater surface exposed to air and light, which will also destroy vitamin C. Raw fruits and vegetables should be eaten shortly after they were cut. They should be cooked only for a short time in a small amount of water or by steaming. Aging and leaving fruits and vegetables at room temperature too long can also destroy vitamin C.
Vitamin C is important to many body functions. It helps the body:

• build and maintain collagen, which are fibers that make up the tissue between tendons, ligaments, bones, and cartilage.
  
• maintain healthy bones, teeth, gums, red blood cells, and blood vessels.
  
• heal wounds, bruises, and fractures.
  
• absorb iron from plant food sources.
  
• protect from infection by keeping the immune system healthy.
  
• reduce some of the risk of certain chronic diseases by acting as an antioxidant.

Antioxidants help the body fight the effects of free radicals, which can damage the body.
Vitamin C has a long history. It was used as a cure for scurvy. Scurvy is a disease that causes open sores in the mouth, loosening of teeth, and soft gums. In the 1700s, it was discovered that sailors who often consumed lime juice did not get scurvy. Sailors who did not consume lime juice had a 50 percent chance of dying from scurvy. It was not until 200 years later that vitamin C was found to prevent the disease.

Severe deficiency, going for a very long time without vitamin C, can lead to scurvy.

Severe deficiency and scurvy are rare in the United States. Poor vitamin C intake is more common. Alcohol intake, stress, smoking, poor intake of fruits and vegetables, and chronic illness can contribute to vitamin C deficiency. Signs of deficiency include:

• inflamed gums.
  
• slow wound healing.
  
• stomach disorders.
  
• reduced resistance to colds and infections.
  
• skin problems.
  

Large doses of vitamin C can cause stomach upset, diarrhea, or kidney stones. The upper levels for vitamin C is 2,000 milligrams (mg) per day for adults. People should not routinely go above the set upper levels for vitamins and minerals. An upper level is not the recommended amount to take. It is the maximum amount of a vitamin or mineral that is likely to cause no health risks. Some scientists think not enough is known about mega dosing, or taking extremely high doses of vitamins, to claim that it has health benefits. There is debate if mega doses of antioxidants, such as vitamin C, can help decrease the risk for chronic diseases. Much of the current information is conflicting, therefore, more research is needed.

The recommended dietary allowances, or RDAs, for vitamin C were recently increased. Levels were increased to provide maximum health benefits. Levels were raised from 60 mg daily to 75 mg per day for women and 90 mg per day for men. Smokers are advised to take an extra 35 mg daily. This is because smoking depletes the body of some vitamin C. Pregnant and nursing women need slightly more, too. Many people do not get enough vitamin C. Thirty-nine percent of men and 43 percent of women fall short of the recommended amount.

Because vitamin C cannot be stored in the body; it is important to eat foods high in vitamin C. Eating a well-balanced diet, including at least five servings of fruit and vegetables every day, should provide all the body needs.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin. It can be dissolved in fat. Vitamin D is carried through the body by fat and stored in fat tissue. Getting too much can be harmful. Vitamin D can be produced in the body, as well as, obtained from the diet.
The most reliable source of vitamin D, in the US diet, is fortified milk. All milk sold in the United States is fortified with vitamin D. Vitamin D is also present in:

• cheese
  
• butter
  
• margarine
  
• cream
  
• some soy milks
  
• eggs
  
• liver
  
• fish such as sardines and salmon
  
• cod liver oil
  
• fortified cereals
  

Vitamin D is called the sunshine vitamin. This is because the body can make vitamin D after sunlight, or ultraviolet light, hits the skin. Ten to 15 minutes of sun exposure 3 times a week is all the body needs. Older people are less efficient with this conversion.

Vitamin D helps build strong and healthy bones and teeth. It does this by helping the body to absorb the minerals calcium and phosphorous and to deposit them in bones and teeth.

If the body does not get enough vitamin D and calcium, a person is at higher risk for bone mass loss, which is known as osteoporosis. Low levels of vitamin D also increases the risk of bone softening, known as osteomalacia, in older adults. Children who do not get enough vitamin D over a long period may develop rickets, which is defective bone growth. Fortifying milk with vitamin D has made rickets extremely rare in the US.

Vitamin D is measured as micrograms (mcg) of cholecalciferol (koh-li-kal-sif-ah-rall). The Recommended Dietary Allowance, called RDA, for men and women, 25 to 50 years old, is 5 mcg per day. Children need twice as much daily vitamin D as adults, because their bones are still growing. Pregnant and lactating women also need 10 mcg per day.

Another common measurement for vitamin D is International Units, known as IU. The RDA, in IUs, for vitamin D for adults is 200 IU per day; for children, it is 400 IU per day; and for pregnant and lactating women, it is 400 IU.

In 1997, the recommendations were revised for vitamin D, doubling the amount for adults over age 50, going up to 400 IU or 10 mcg daily. People over age 70 need 600 IU or 15 mcg per day.

No one should have more than 2000 IU or 50 mcg per day of Vitamin D.

Because vitamin D dissolves in fat, it can build up in the fat tissues of the body. This can pose a problem for people taking high doses of vitamin D. While it is almost impossible to get too much vitamin D from foods or sunlight, it is easy to get too much from supplements. High doses of vitamin D can be toxic and cause:

• kidney stones or damage
  
• weak muscles
  
• weak bones
  
• excessive bleeding

Vitamin E is found in the fatty parts of foods. The best sources of vitamin E are unsaturated fats, such as vegetable oils. These include

• sunflower, safflower, canola, olive, and wheat germ oils.
• avocados, nuts, seeds, wheat germ, and whole grain, or unrefined, products.
• Green leafy vegetables have smaller amounts.
• Soybean oil has a form of vitamin E that has little influence on health. This oil is not a good source of vitamin E. Soybean oil is the most common oil used in products like salad dressing and mayonnaise.

Heating oils to high temperatures, such as in frying, can destroy vitamin E. Storage and freezing foods for a long time can also destroy vitamin E.

Vitamin E is found in the germ of a seed or grain. Most of the nutrients are concentrated there. Whole-wheat flour contains much of the original germ, so it has vitamin E. Refined flour, or white flour, has been stripped of many of its nutrients, including vitamin E.
Vitamin E is an important antioxidant. Antioxidants protect cells from oxidation. Oxidation can lead to cell damage. Cell damage can lead to chronic health problems, such as heart disease and cancer. Vitamin E works closely with other antioxidants, like vitamin C and selenium, to help protect the body. Vitamin E improves the way the body uses vitamin A. It may help protect against ion the toxic effects of some metals, such as lead.

The recommended dietary allowances, or RDAs, for vitamin E were recently changed. They were increased to provide maximum health benefits. Levels were raised from 10 milligrams (mg) daily to 15 mg daily for adult men and women. Pregnancy increases the recommendations slightly. It is difficult to get enough vitamin E from food alone. To get the full benefit of vitamin E, a supplement is recommended. The government estimates that 68 percent of men and 71 percent of women do not get enough vitamin E daily.

An upper level, based only on intake from vitamin supplements has been set at 1,000 mg of alpha-tocopherol. This is the most potent form of vitamin E. The upper level is not the recommended amount to take. The upper level is the maximum intake of a vitamin or mineral that is likely to cause no health risks. People should not routinely go above the set upper levels for vitamins and minerals. Taking too much vitamin E puts people at risk for prolonged bleeding time. This is because large doses can interfere with vitamin K. Vitamin K helps the blood to clot when a person is bleeding. Not enough is known about vitamin E to make positive claims on mega doses, or extremely high doses of the vitamin. The question is if mega doses of antioxidants, such as vitamin E, can decrease the risk for chronic diseases. More research is needed.

Severe vitamin E deficiency is rare. Conditions where it may occur include people who don't absorb fat normally, premature infants, people with red blood cell disorders, and people on kidney dialysis. Symptoms of vitamin E deficiency include nerve damage and anemia in infants.

To maximize vitamin E intake, healthy vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and unrefined whole-grain products should be a regular part of the diet.

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin. It can be dissolved in fat. Vitamin K is carried through the body by fat and is stored in fat tissue. There are three forms of Vitamin K:

• phylloquinone, which is found in food
  
• menadione, which is man-made
  
• menaquinone, which is produced by the body
  

Vitamin K can be found in the following foods:

• collards, kale, and other green leafy vegetables
  
• members of the cabbage family including broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts
  
• liver
  
• cheese
  
• milk
  
• egg yolk
  
• some fruits
  

Intestinal bacteria produce some vitamin K in the body.

Vitamin K makes several proteins that help blood to clot when bleeding. It also makes other proteins for blood, bones, and kidneys. Along with vitamins A and D, vitamin K is important for strong bone development.

The Recommended Dietary Allowance, called RDA, for vitamin K for adult males, age 25 years and older, is 80 micrograms (mcg) per day. For women, age 25 years and older, it is 65 mcg per day. For pregnant and lactating women, the RDA is also 65 mcg.

Vitamin K deficiency is rare. It is often the result of impaired absorption rather than not getting enough in the diet. Newborns are at risk for vitamin K deficiency. This is because their digestive tracts contain no vitamin K-producing bacteria. For this reason, doctors often give injections of vitamin K to newborns. The main symptom of vitamin K deficiency is blood that's slow to clot. Prolonged use of antibiotics can also cause a low level of this vitamin because they destroy some of the bacteria in the gut that help to produce vitamin K.

No symptoms are known to result from consuming too much vitamin K. Moderation is always the best approach. The most toxic form is supplements. People taking blood thinning medicines, such as aspirin or warfarin, may need to limit their intake of vitamin K-rich foods. This is because the vitamin's pro-clotting actions can work against this type of medicine.

Biotin and pantothenic acid are water-soluble vitamins. They are two of the eight B vitamins. The B vitamin complex includes vitamins B1, niacin, B6, B12, folate, biotin, and pantothenic acid.

Pantothenic acid and biotin are found in many foods.

Good sources of pantothenic acid include:

• egg yolks
  
• organ meat
  
• other meat
  
• poultry
  
• fish
  
• dairy products
  
• whole-grain cereal
  
• broccoli
  
• cauliflower
  
• legumes
  

Good sources of biotin include:

• soybeans
  
• peanuts
  
• egg yolks
  
• meats and liver
  
• milk
  
• yeast
  
• cereal
  

Some biotin is made by bacteria in the body's lower digestive tract.

These two vitamins are important for many functions. Pantothenic acid is changed to a substance called coenzyme A. This coenzyme helps convert fat, carbohydrate, and protein into energy. Pantothenic acid is also needed to make cholesterol, bile, some fats, red blood cells, hormones and nerve regulators. Pantothenic acid is necessary to make Vitamin D. It works closely with biotin, vitamin B1, B2, B6, and niacin.

Biotin also helps the body use protein, fat and carbohydrate from foods for energy. It helps the body produce energy in the cells. Biotin works closely with pantothenic acid, folic acid and vitamin B12.

There are no established recommended daily allowances, or RDAs, for these vitamins. However, a safe and adequate amount for adults for pantothenic acid is 4 to 7 milligrams per day. For biotin the recommendation is 30 to 100 micrograms per day.

There are no toxic effects for pantothenic acid other than diarrhea. There is no known benefit to taking large doses. Because it is so common in food, deficiency is rare for people who eat a healthy diet.

There are no toxic effects for biotin. Although biotin deficiency is rare, consuming a large amount of raw egg whites can cause biotin deficiency. This is due to a protein in egg whites, avidin, that blocks the absorption of biotin. The protein is destroyed in cooking so cooked egg whites are not a problem. Long-term use of antibiotics could also interfere with the production of biotin, and increase the risk of deficiency. Deficiency symptoms include:

• loss of appetite
  
• nausea
  
• depression
  
• muscle pain and weakness
  
• fatigue
  
• hair loss, known as alopecia

Foods naturally high in folacin include:

• citrus fruits
  
• beans
  
• peas
  
• liver
  
• yeast breads
  
• wheat germ
  
• peanuts and other legumes
  
• spinach and other dark greens
  
• organ meats
  

Fortified grain products such as commercial breads, cereals and pastas are good sources of folacin. Items made from enriched flour products supply folacin, as well. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enacted a new law in 1998. This law states that enriched grain products must be fortified with folacin. This was done to ensure women of child-bearing age consume enough folacin. This law was also based on the data about other benefits of folacin. It is hoped that this "fortification" program will help all Americans to reach the desired level of 400 micrograms (mcg) of folacin a day. Researchers think that most Americans get between 220 to 280 mcg a day of folacin from their diets

The recommendation or the RDI (Recommended Daily Intake) for folacin is 400 mcg per day for adult men and women. This amount is especially important for women of child-bearing age. Daily intake of folate should not exceed 1,000 mcg. This is because too much folacin can mask the symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. The FDA restricts the amount of folacin available in nutritional supplements to 400 mcg for adults and 800 mcg for pregnant women.

Folacin plays many important roles in the body:

• prevention of neural tube defects in fetuses before birth. Neural tube defects are malformations in the fetus that occur during pregnancy, involving defects in the skull and spinal column.
  
• normal growth and maintenance of all cells.
  
• involvement in production of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, that regulate mood, sleep, and appetite.
  
• works with vitamin B12 to form hemoglobin in red blood cells.
  

Information

Folacin is a B vitamin required for many chemical processes in the body. Folic acid is a man made form of folate. It converts easily into the natural form of the vitamin in the body.

Getting enough folate during pregnancy is key to reducing the risk of neural tube defects in newborns. A neural tube defect arises when tissue does not properly close around the spinal column. This is also called spina bifida. Folate is crucial during the first 18 to 30 days of pregnancy. The baby's brain and spinal column are in a critical stage of development during this period. A woman may not even know that she is pregnant at this early stage. Neural tube defects occur in about one of every 1,000 births in the US and Canada. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, estimates that 400 mcg of folate per day could decrease this rate by about two-thirds.

As well as preventing birth defects, folate may have a role in lowering heart disease risk. Scientists are studying the link between folate and a substance called homocysteine. High homocysteine levels in the blood have been connected with a higher heart disease risk. Homocysteine levels seem to be lower in people who get plenty of folate in their diets. Current evidence also suggests that folate may have a role in the prevention of some cancers. This is especially true when it is consumed along with a variety of nutrients found in fruits, vegetables and other foods.

Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin. It is one of the eight B complex vitamins. These include vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, folate, biotin, and pantothenic acid. Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body.

What food source is the nutrient found in?
Good sources of niacin include:

• enriched and fortified grain products
  
• legumes like peas and beans
  
• meats, especially organ meats, like liver
  
• poultry
  
• fish
  
• peanut butter
  

Niacin can be made in the body from the amino acid known as tryptophan. Another B vitamin, Vitamin B6, is needed to convert niacin to tryptophan. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. So, protein-rich foods can be good sources of niacin. Examples of these foods are:

• 3 oz turkey = 4.5 mg of niacin
  
• peanut butter 2 Tbsp. = 4 mg of niacin
  
• 3 oz tuna = 11.8 mg of niacin
  
• 1 cup wheat flour = 7.4 mg of niacin
  
• 1 cup cheerios = 5.0 mg of niacin
  

How does the nutrient affect the body?
Niacin works closely with vitamin B1, B2, B6, pantothenic acid, and biotin to break the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in food down into energy. Without niacin, the body would not be able to convert the food we eat into energy. Niacin also helps enzymes function in the body. Enzymes are used by the body in many reactions. Niacin helps keep the skin, digestive tract, and nerves healthy.

Information
In the early 1900's, a disease called pellagra was common in the southern United States. At this time, corn was a staple of the diet. This diet provided neither niacin-rich foods like meats and certain vegetables, nor protein-rich foods containing tryptophan. Pellagra was caused by this lack of niacin intake. Pellagra is uncommon today. This is due to widespread niacin enrichment of most cereals, flours, pastas, and corn meals.

For people who eat enough protein, niacin deficiency is not common. Niacin deficiency symptoms include:

• weakness
  
• loss of appetite
  
• digestive upsets
  
• insomnia
  
• headaches
  
• irritability
  
• frequently, a sore, swollen, purple-red tongue.
  

More drastic niacin shortfall leads to pellagra, which can result in symptoms such as:

• skin and gastrointestinal lesions
  
• swollen mucous membranes
  
• diarrhea
  
• dementia
  
• death, in extreme cases
  

But, as mentioned above, pellagra is all but a thing of the past in the United States.

In recent years, niacin has been used with some success to treat people with high cholesterol levels. The high dose required to bring about any change in cholesterol, up to 3,000 mg per day, can bring on side effects. Common side effects include flushing of the skin and itching. High doses of niacin may also cause liver damage or stomach ulcers. Because of these potentially dangerous side effects, niacin should only be used to control cholesterol when prescribed by a doctor.

The Recommended Dietary Allowance, called the RDA, for niacin is:

• Adult males, age 19 to 50: 19 milligrams (mg)
  
• Adult males, age 50 and older: 15 mg
  
• Adult females, age 19 to 50: 15 mg
  
• Adult females, age 50 and older: 13 mg
  
• Pregnant women: 17 mg
  
• Lactating or breastfeeding women: 20 mg

Pantothenic acid and biotin are found in many foods.

Good sources of pantothenic acid include:

• egg yolks
  
• organ meat
  
• other meat
  
• poultry
  
• fish
  
• dairy products
  
• whole-grain cereal
  
• broccoli
  
• cauliflower
  
• legumes
  

Good sources of biotin include:

• soybeans
  
• peanuts
  
• egg yolks
  
• meats and liver
  
• milk
  
• yeast
  
• cereal
  

Some biotin is made by bacteria in the body's lower digestive tract.

How does the nutrient affect the body?
These two vitamins are important for many functions. Pantothenic acid is changed to a substance called coenzyme A. This coenzyme helps convert fat, carbohydrate, and protein into energy. Pantothenic acid is also needed to make cholesterol, bile, some fats, red blood cells, hormones and nerve regulators. Pantothenic acid is necessary to make Vitamin D. It works closely with biotin, vitamin B1, B2, B6, and niacin.

Biotin also helps the body use protein, fat and carbohydrate from foods for energy. It helps the body produce energy in the cells. Biotin works closely with pantothenic acid, folic acid and vitamin B12.

Information
There are no established recommended daily allowances, or RDAs, for these vitamins. However, a safe and adequate amount for adults for pantothenic acid is 4 to 7 milligrams per day. For biotin the recommendation is 30 to 100 micrograms per day.

There are no toxic effects for pantothenic acid other than diarrhea. There is no known benefit to taking large doses. Because it is so common in food, deficiency is rare for people who eat a healthy diet.

There are no toxic effects for biotin. Although biotin deficiency is rare, consuming a large amount of raw egg whites can cause biotin deficiency. This is due to a protein in egg whites, avidin, that blocks the absorption of biotin. The protein is destroyed in cooking so cooked egg whites are not a problem. Long-term use of antibiotics could also interfere with the production of biotin, and increase the risk of deficiency. Deficiency symptoms include:

• loss of appetite
  
• nausea
  
• depression
  
• muscle pain and weakness
  
• fatigue
  
• hair loss, known as alopecia

Good sources of riboflavin include:

• milk and dairy products
  
• meat and eggs
  
• leafy, dark green vegetables
  
• whole-grain or enriched breads and cereals
  
• organ meats such as liver, kidney, and heart
  

In the United States, milk products supply about half of the riboflavin that people get. Ultraviolet light, such as sunlight, destroys riboflavin. This is why milk is stored in opaque plastic or cardboard containers. Unlike other vitamins, riboflavin is not destroyed by cooking.

However, when grains are milled, or refined, most of the riboflavin and other nutrients are removed. This makes whole-grain foods, such as oatmeal and whole wheat, better choices. Enriched refined foods are also healthy choices because the riboflavin lost in refining has been added back in. Refined - but non-enriched foods, such as white rice, do not supply riboflavin in any significant amount. The content of riboflavin in some common foods is as follows:

• 1 cup of milk = 0.4 milligram (mg)
  
• 1 cup of cottage cheese = 0.37 mg
  
• 1 cup of yogurt = 1.6 mg
  
• 3-ounce pork chop = 0.24 mg
  
• 3 ounces of beef liver, braised = 3.5 mg
  

Riboflavin helps keep the body healthy in a number of ways, including the following:

• It helps to convert food into energy.
  
• It is also needed to convert an amino acid called tryptophan into niacin.
  
• It works closely with other B vitamins.
  
• It helps make red blood cells and it keeps body tissues healthy, especially the skin and eyes.
  
• It is key to healthy growth and development.
  
• It helps the body make and control certain hormones.
  

The recommended daily allowances, called RDAs, for this nutrient are:

• adult men from age 19 to 50: 1.7 milligrams (mg)
  
• men older than age 50: 1.4 mg
  
• adult women from age 19 to 50: 1.3 mg
  
• women older than age 50: 1.2 mg
  
• pregnant women: 1.6 mg
  
• breastfeeding women: 1.8 mg during the first six months and 1.7 mg the next six months after the baby's birth
  

Several servings per day of riboflavin-rich foods are needed to meet requirements. Because riboflavin is found in so many foods, a balanced diet will usually provide enough.

Because riboflavin is so key to health, a shortage in the diet can cause problems. Severe riboflavin deficiency with clinical symptoms is rare. Mild deficiencies are more common, especially with elderly people and individuals with anorexia nervosa.

Strict vegans, who eat no meat or dairy products, may have riboflavin deficiencies. Symptoms can include:

• dry and scaly skin, especially on the face
  
• cracks at the corners of the mouth
  
• eye disorders
  
• swollen tongue or gums
  

Children who do not get enough riboflavin over a long period of time can have poor growth. Vitamin supplements usually reverse symptoms within a few days to a few weeks.

It is not possible to be poisoned by too much riboflavin. Because it is a water-soluble vitamin, any extra is passed in the urine.

Thiamine, also known as Vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin. It was the first vitamin to be discovered. Thiamine is one of eight members of the vitamin B complex. The complex also includes:

• vitamin B2
  
• niacin
  
• vitamin B6
  
• vitamin B12
  
• folate
  
• biotin
  
• pantothenic acid
  

Because thiamine is water-soluble, any extra is passed out of the body in the urine. Thiamine is needed each day to maintain health.

Thiamine is found in foods such as:

• meats (pork and liver)
  
• brewer's yeast
  
• soybeans
  
• peanuts
  
• dried beans
  
• whole or enriched breads, grains, and cereals
  

Enriched products add back the vitamins that are lost when grains are processed. Thiamine is lost in cooking due to heat. The thiamine contents of some foods are:

• beef liver, braised (3 ounces) = 9.2 milligrams (mg)
  
• sunflower seeds (3.5 ounces) = 1.96 mg
  
• pinto beans (3.5 ounces) = 0.84 mg
  
• enriched rice, cooked (1/2 cup) = 0.2 mg
  

How does the nutrient affect the body?
Thiamine works with the other B vitamins to change protein, carbohydrate, and fat to energy. It is especially vital for changing carbohydrates to energy. It is a key factor in the healthy functioning of all the body's cells, especially the nerves.

Information
Daily needs for thiamine are based on the amount of calories taken in each day. The recommended daily allowances, called RDAs, for thiamine are based on 0.5 milligram (mg) for every 1,000 calories consumed. Based on the recommended calorie intake for men and women at certain age levels, the RDAs for thiamine are:

• men from 15 to 50 years = 1.5 mg
  
• men over 50 years = 1.2 mg
  
• women from 11 to 50 years = 1.1 mg
  
• women over 50 years = 1.0 mg
  
• pregnant women = 1.5 mg
  
• breastfeeding women = 1.6 mg
  

Thiamine is common in foods. A balanced diet based on the Food Guide Pyramid should provide enough thiamine daily.

A disease called beriberi, which affects the nerves and heart, is caused by a lack of thiamine in the diet. This is extremely rare in the United States, because enriched grain products are so common. Before grains were enriched, it was much more common.

Mild thiamine deficiencies are more common. Exceptions may be found with chronic alcoholism, fasting, the elderly, and chronic dieting. Symptoms usually show up in the nerves, stomach, and heart. Early warning signs include:

• fatigue and weakness
  
• loss of appetite and weight loss
  
• stomach upset and nausea
  
• confusion and irritability
  
• depression
  
• poor memory
  
• sleep disturbances
  
• chest pain
  
• irritation
  
• abdominal discomfort
  
• constipation
  

If deficiency continues, symptoms can get worse, and some damage can be permanent. This can include damage to the heart, and changes to the nervous system.

There is little chance of getting too much thiamine, even when it is taken at high doses. Because it is water soluble and not stored in the body, it is not likely to build up to toxic levels. In older people with low levels of thiamine, taking vitamin B1 pills has improved their lives by decreasing both blood pressure and weight.

In isolated cases, however, thiamine toxicity has occurred from injections or concentrated formulas used with hospital patients. Toxicity symptoms include nervous irritability, headaches, insomnia, and a rapid pulse.

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