A:

Tradition simply says that Saints Cosmas and Damian were twins, but does not give them a surname. The available evidence suggests that their legend was actually derived from the Roman pagan twins Castor and Pollux, who also did not have surnames.

The Romans did not actually invade Greece. They had 68 year of military involvement in mainland Greece before they annexed it. The Romans waged the First Macedonian War (214-205 B.C.) against the kingdom of Macedon, the largest and most powerful state in mainland Greece with the help of Greek allies: the Aetolian League, the cities of Sparta, Elis and Messenia and the Kingdom of Pergamon. After this the Romans left Greece. They fought the Second Macedonian War (200-196 B.C.) because her allies, Pergamon and Rhodes, asked her from protection against the aggressive policies of Macedon. The Aetolian league and Athens also fought alongside Rome. The Aetolian league, instead, defected and fought alongside the Seleucids. A coalition between Rome, Macedon, the Achaean League, Macedon, Pergamum, and Rhodes fought against and defeated Sparta In the Laconian War, of 195 B.C. Then the Romans left Greece again. They fought the Seleucid/Syrian War (192-188 B.C.) against the Syria-based Seleucid Empire because it invaded Greece. Pergamon and Rhodes fought alongside the Romans again. Macedon supported Rome. It did not fight, but allowed the Romans to cross its territories to pursue the Seleucids fleeing to Turkey. Despite the Seleucid Propaganda of wanting to liberate Greece, only the Aetolian league, which defected, and Athamania fought alongside them.

The Romans fought the Third Macedonian War (171-168 BC)the new king of Macedon, Perseus, who increased the size of his army, made alliances with Epirus (in western Greece) and several peoples near Greece, moved aggressively against his neighbours and said that he could carry out reforms in Greece and restore its previous strength and prosperity. Pergamon accused Perseus of wanting to take over other states and of violating the peace conditions with Rome. The Romans worried about the balance of power in Greece. When Perseus was implicated in an assassination plot against a Roman ally, Rome, declared war. The Romans won and took the court and members of leading families as prisoners, some around 300,000 Macedonians were enslaved, and some cities and villages were destroyed. The Romans thought that there could be no peace in Greece without breaking Macedon's power. Macedon was divided into four client republics. Economic and political contacts between them were restricted.

A Fourth Macedonian War (150 BC-148 B.C.) was fought against a rebellion led by a pretender to the Macedonian throne who pretended to be the son of former king and wanted to re-establish the old Macedonian Kingdom. This destabilised Greece. The Romans defeated the Macedonian forces. Two years later the Roman annexed Macedon, which became a Roman province, together with Epirus and Thessaly. In the same years the Achaean League rose up in arms and was defeated. The Romans destroyed Corinth. The whole of Greece was now annexed.

The Romans did not actually invade Greece. They had 68 year of military involvement in mainland Greece before they annexed it. The Romans waged the First Macedonian War (214-205 B.C.) against the kingdom of Macedon, the largest and most powerful state in mainland Greece with the help of Greek allies: the Aetolian League, the cities of Sparta, Elis and Messenia and the Kingdom of Pergamon. After this the Romans left Greece. They fought the Second Macedonian War (200-196 B.C.) because her allies, Pergamon and Rhodes, asked her from protection against the aggressive policies of Macedon. The Aetolian league and Athens also fought alongside Rome. The Aetolian league, instead, defected and fought alongside the Seleucids. A coalition between Rome, Macedon, the Achaean League, Macedon, Pergamum, and Rhodes fought against and defeated Sparta In the Laconian War, of 195 B.C. Then the Romans left Greece again. They fought the Seleucid/Syrian War (192-188 B.C.) against the Syria-based Seleucid Empire because it invaded Greece. Pergamon and Rhodes fought alongside the Romans again. Macedon supported Rome. It did not fight, but allowed the Romans to cross its territories to pursue the Seleucids fleeing to Turkey. Despite the Seleucid Propaganda of wanting to liberate Greece, only the Aetolian league, which defected, and Athamania fought alongside them.

The Romans fought the Third Macedonian War (171-168 BC)the new king of Macedon, Perseus, who increased the size of his army, made alliances with Epirus (in western Greece) and several peoples near Greece, moved aggressively against his neighbours and said that he could carry out reforms in Greece and restore its previous strength and prosperity. Pergamon accused Perseus of wanting to take over other states and of violating the peace conditions with Rome. The Romans worried about the balance of power in Greece. When Perseus was implicated in an assassination plot against a Roman ally, Rome, declared war. The Romans won and took the court and members of leading families as prisoners, some around 300,000 Macedonians were enslaved, and some cities and villages were destroyed. The Romans thought that there could be no peace in Greece without breaking Macedon's power. Macedon was divided into four client republics. Economic and political contacts between them were restricted.

A Fourth Macedonian War (150 BC-148 B.C.) was fought against a rebellion led by a pretender to the Macedonian throne who pretended to be the son of former king and wanted to re-establish the old Macedonian Kingdom. This destabilised Greece. The Romans defeated the Macedonian forces. Two years later the Roman annexed Macedon, which became a Roman province, together with Epirus and Thessaly. In the same years the Achaean League rose up in arms and was defeated. The Romans destroyed Corinth. The whole of Greece was now annexed.

The Romans did not actually invade Greece. They had 68 year of military involvement in mainland Greece before they annexed it. The Romans waged the First Macedonian War (214-205 B.C.) against the kingdom of Macedon, the largest and most powerful state in mainland Greece with the help of Greek allies: the Aetolian League, the cities of Sparta, Elis and Messenia and the Kingdom of Pergamon. After this the Romans left Greece. They fought the Second Macedonian War (200-196 B.C.) because her allies, Pergamon and Rhodes, asked her from protection against the aggressive policies of Macedon. The Aetolian league and Athens also fought alongside Rome. The Aetolian league, instead, defected and fought alongside the Seleucids. A coalition between Rome, Macedon, the Achaean League, Macedon, Pergamum, and Rhodes fought against and defeated Sparta In the Laconian War, of 195 B.C. Then the Romans left Greece again. They fought the Seleucid/Syrian War (192-188 B.C.) against the Syria-based Seleucid Empire because it invaded Greece. Pergamon and Rhodes fought alongside the Romans again. Macedon supported Rome. It did not fight, but allowed the Romans to cross its territories to pursue the Seleucids fleeing to Turkey. Despite the Seleucid propaganda of wanting to liberate Greece, only the Aetolian league, which defected, and Athamania fought alongside them.

The Romans fought the Third Macedonian War (171-168 BC)the new king of Macedon, Perseus, who increased the size of his army, made alliances with Epirus (in western Greece) and several peoples near Greece, moved aggressively against his neighbours and said that he could carry out reforms in Greece and restore its previous strength and prosperity. Pergamon accused Perseus of wanting to take over other states and of violating the peace conditions with Rome. The Romans worried about the balance of power in Greece. When Perseus was implicated in an assassination plot against a Roman ally, Rome, declared war. The Romans won and took the court and members of leading families as prisoners, some around 300,000 Macedonians were enslaved, and some cities and villages were destroyed. The Romans thought that there could be no peace in Greece without breaking Macedon's power. Macedon was divided into four client republics. Economic and political contacts between them were restricted.

A Fourth Macedonian War (150 BC-148 B.C.) was fought against a rebellion led by a pretender to the Macedonian throne who pretended to be the son of former king and wanted to re-establish the old Macedonian Kingdom. This destabilised Greece. The Romans defeated the Macedonian forces. Two years later the Roman annexed Macedon, which became a Roman province, together with Epirus and Thessaly. In the same years the Achaean League rose up in arms and was defeated. The Romans destroyed Corinth. The whole of Greece was now annexed.

The Romans did not actually invade Greece. They had 68 year of military involvement in mainland Greece before they annexed it. The Romans waged the First Macedonian War (214-205 B.C.) against the kingdom of Macedon, the largest and most powerful state in mainland Greece with the help of Greek allies: the Aetolian League, the cities of Sparta, Elis and Messenia and the Kingdom of Pergamon. After this the Romans left Greece. They fought the Second Macedonian War (200-196 B.C.) because her allies, Pergamon and Rhodes, asked her from protection against the aggressive policies of Macedon. The Aetolian league and Athens also fought alongside Rome. The Aetolian league, instead, defected and fought alongside the Seleucids. A coalition between Rome, Macedon, the Achaean League, Macedon, Pergamum, and Rhodes fought against and defeated Sparta In the Laconian War, of 195 B.C. Then the Romans left Greece again. They fought the Seleucid/Syrian War (192-188 B.C.) against the Syria-based Seleucid Empire because it invaded Greece. Pergamon and Rhodes fought alongside the Romans again. Macedon supported Rome. It did not fight, but allowed the Romans to cross its territories to pursue the Seleucids fleeing to Turkey. Despite the Seleucid Propaganda of wanting to liberate Greece, only the Aetolian league, which defected, and Athamania fought alongside them.

The Romans fought the Third Macedonian War (171-168 BC)the new king of Macedon, Perseus, who increased the size of his army, made alliances with Epirus (in western Greece) and several peoples near Greece, moved aggressively against his neighbours and said that he could carry out reforms in Greece and restore its previous strength and prosperity. Pergamon accused Perseus of wanting to take over other states and of violating the peace conditions with Rome. The Romans worried about the balance of power in Greece. When Perseus was implicated in an assassination plot against a Roman ally, Rome, declared war. The Romans won and took the court and members of leading families as prisoners, some around 300,000 Macedonians were enslaved, and some cities and villages were destroyed. The Romans thought that there could be no peace in Greece without breaking Macedon's power. Macedon was divided into four client republics. Economic and political contacts between them were restricted.

A Fourth Macedonian War (150 BC-148 B.C.) was fought against a rebellion led by a pretender to the Macedonian throne who pretended to be the son of former king and wanted to re-establish the old Macedonian Kingdom. This destabilised Greece. The Romans defeated the Macedonian forces. Two years later the Roman annexed Macedon, which became a Roman province, together with Epirus and Thessaly. In the same years the Achaean League rose up in arms and was defeated. The Romans destroyed Corinth. The whole of Greece was now annexed.

Yes.

During the Second Punic War, Macedon supported Carthage, and after Rome had defeated Carthage in 201 BCE the Roman aristocracy decided to settle the score with Macedon. The pretext was that Pergamon and Rhodes had accused Philip V of Macedon of secretly conspiring with Syria - probably a put-up job by the two cities to use the Romans to get rid of their local enemies.

War decisions in Rome were made by the Centuriate Assembly - the people assembled on the Field of Mars under arms. Most were war weary after nearly 20 years against the Carthaginians, and voted it down. They were reassembled a week later and reminded of the loot available in the east; this changed their minds, and they voted for war.

Philip was defeated at the battle of Cynoscephalai in 197 BCE, and forced to avoid any action outside his own territory, and the Roman army went home. Rome was called back into Greece five years later by their allies Aitolians, and ended up defeating the Syrians in Asia Minor.

These actions were followed by further interventions in the Greek world (which included the territories conquered by Alexander and ruled by his Macedonian generals and their successors). Eventually Macedon was dismembered into four republics, and Rome progressively moved through the eastern Mediterranean until its empire reached from Greece through Asia Minor to the Euphrates River and Egypt.

The Romans annexed mainland Greece in 176 BC. This was the result of Rome having fought a war in Greece and, after this, having been drawn into further wars between Greek states to support Greek allies. Given the volatile situation between Greek states, Rome decided to take over.

Greece was not a unified country. It was divided into various states, such as the kingdom of Macedon, the kingdom of Epirus, two alliances between city-states (the Aetolian League (which was formed to counter Macedon's power) and the Achaean League (which was formed to counter Sparta's power) and other city-states, such as Athens and Sparta. The island of Rhodes was an important state and had territories on the nearby Turkish coast. There were other Greek states in the eastern Mediterranean, the kingdom of Pergamon in western Turkey, the Seleucid Empire, centred on Syria, and the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt.

During the Second Punic War the Romans fought the First Macedonian War (214 to 205 BC) against Macedon (the biggest and most powerful state in Greece) because their king, Philip V, allied with Hannibal who was invading Italy and because he wanted to take over Illyrian territories (in Albania) which were under Rome's sphere of influence. The Aetolian league and Pergamon allied with Rome and fought alongside her.

Rome then got involved in more wars in Greece to fight with her allies during conflicts between Greek states.

A Second Macedonian War (200-197 BC) broke out because Rhodes, an island near Turkey, and Pergamon (a Greek kingdom in western Turkey) asked Rome for help against Macedon. Phillip IV attacked land that belonged to the (Greek) king of Egypt south of Pergamon and close to Rhodes. Rhodes and Pergamon asked Rome for help. The Romans sent ambassadors to investigate who found little support for a war against Philip in Greece. However, Athens declared war on Greece and Macedon sent an invading force. The Roman ambassador urged Philip V to leave the Greek states alone and gave an ultimatum. Philip ignored this. Rome declared war and won. The Aetolian league, Athens, Pergamon and Rhodes fought with Rome.

In the 190s BC a stand-off developed between the two great powers of the Mediterranean, Rome and the Seleucid Empire (a Greek state centred on Syria) of Antiochus III. It was caused by the latter's expansion into western Turkey (and attacked Greek cities in this area) and Thrace, (next door to Greece). A Greek city in north-western Turkey asked Rome for help. This led to a stand-off. Then the Aetolian League (which had fought with Rome) turned against Rome and called for all Greeks to rebel against the Romans and for Antiochus III to attack Greece. Antiochus landed in Greece, expecting many Greek states to ally with him. However, only the king of Athamania (in central Greece) joined the Seleucids and the Aetolians. Boeotia and Epirus made an alliance but did not join the war and remained neutral. Instead, the Achaean League and Macedon joined the fight on the side of Rome. In this war, the Roman-Syrian War (192-188 BC) the allies of the Romans were: the Achaean League, Macedon, Pergamon and Rhodes

The Third Macedonian War (171-168 BC) was caused by the policies of the new king of Macedon, Perseus. He increased the size of his army and made alliances with the kingdom of Epirus (on the coast next to Italy) some Illyrian tribes (in an area which was in Rome's sphere of influence) and Thracian tribes hostile to Rome's allies in that area. Pergamon accused Perseus of violating an existing treaty. Rome declared war, won and divided Macedon into four puppet republics with restrictions of political and trade contracts, destroyed some cities and villages, gave some land to Roman veterans and enslaved 300,000 Macedonians. Pergamon fought with Rome again.

The Fourth Macedonian War (150 to 148 BC) was caused by a revolt in Macedon. Rome annexed Macedon. In 146 BC the Achaean League rebelled and Rome annexed the whole of mainland Greece, which became the Roman provinces of Achaea and Epirus. Pergamon continued to be an ally of Rome until its last king, Attalus III, who died without male issue, bequeathed his kingdom to Rome in 133 BC.

Rome did not actually invade mainland Greece. It annexed it after 69 years during which she fought six wars. She was drawn into several wars to support her Greek allies in the conflicts between Greek states and, finally, to end the expansionist aims of the kingdom of Macedon, the largest and dominant state in mainland Greece.

Rome's involvement in Greece started because Philip V, the king of Macedon, allied with Hannibal, who was invading Italy, and wanted expand westward to the Adriatic coast (which lies opposite Italy). On that coast he attacked Illyria (which was under Roman control) and western Greece. The Romans fought the First Macedonian War (215-205 B.C.) with the aim of stopping Phillip's expansion close to Italy and preventing him from sending aid to Hannibal. They were supported by allied Greek states: the Aetolian League, the Kingdom of Pergamon and the cities of Sparta, Ellis and Messenia. The war only involved minor battles and was inconclusive. The Romans signed a peace treaty and withdrew from Greece as they had achieved their objectives.

Rome fought the Second Macedonian War (200-197 B.C.) because of Phillip's new wars aimed at conquering the islands and the Anatolian shores of the Aegean Sea. He tried to weaken the island of Rhodes, the great naval power in this Sea, seized Greek territories in western Anatolia (present day Turkey) and attacked the Kingdom of Pergamon, the largest Greek state in Anatolia. Rhodes and Pergamon asked Rome for help and allied with her. Rome sent some ambassadors to try to find a negotiated solution. They made their way to Athens to meet Attalus I, the king of Pergamon and diplomats from Rhodes. They found little desire for war among the Greek states along their route. However, Athens declared war on Macedon and the Macedonians attacked her territories. The Romans issued an ultimatum to Phillip V demanding him to stop attacking any Greek state. Philip ignored this and seized the city of Abydus in Anatolia. Rome declared war. She fought with the help of Greek allies: Rhodes, Pergamon and the Aetolian league. Rome gained the upper hand and this led to some cities of the Achaean League (which was an ally of Macedon) to defect and side with Rome. Since he had only few Greek allies left, Philip had to raise a mercenary army. He was defeated and had to sue for peace on Roman terms. He had to give up his conquests in Anatolia and withdraw from territories in mainland Greece. The Romans left Greece, but left garrisons in three key Greek cities for three years.

The next war Rome fought in Greece was the Roman-Seleucid War (192-188 B.C.) The Seleucid Empire, which was based in Syria, was the most powerful Greek state in Asia. After defeating Ptolemy V, the Greek king of Egypt, in Coele-Syria, Antiochus III, the Seleucid king, conquered all of Ptolemy's territories in Anatolia. He then moved on to Europe and conquered part of Thrace (to the northeast of Greece). The city of Lapsacus asked Rome for help. This lead to three years of negotiations which broke down when Antiochus offered to ally with Rome in exchange for retaining his conquests in Anatolia and Thrace. Rome rejected this and wanted that Antiochus to leave Europe and restore the freedom of the Greeks in Anatolia. Meanwhile, the Aetolian League ended their alliance with Rome, allied with Antiochus and wanted a war against Rome, claiming that Antiochus would liberate Greece from the Romans. In 192 B.C. the Aetolian seized the city of Dementria, but failed to take Sparta and Chalcis. The Romans threatened intervention if Demetria was not freed. This led Antiochus to invade Greece. He expected that Sparta and Macedon would ally with him. Instead, many Greek states allied with Rome: Rhodes, Pergamon, Macedon and the Achaean league. Only the Athamatians joined him. The Seleucids were defeated both in Greece and Anatolia and had to give up most of their possessions in Anatolia. The Romans gave most of these to her main ally in the area, Pergamon.

In 197 B.C. Philip V of Macedon died. His successor, Perseus, had expansionistic aims. He increased the size of his army and made alliances with the kingdom of Epirus (in western Greece), some Illyrian tribes (an area which was under Rome's sphere of influence) and some enemies of Thracian tribes allied to Rome. King Euemenes II of Pergamon accused Perseus of violating the laws of other Greek states. Concerned about their position in Illyria and of their Thracian and Greek allies and the balance of power in Greece, Rome declared war. She fought the Third Macedonian War ((171-168 B.C.) with the support of Pergamon. When the Romans won the war, they took Perseus and members of his court and the aristocracy to Rome as prisoners and enslaved 300,000 Macedonians. Some Macedonian cities and villages were destroyed. Macedon was split into four client republics and their political and economic contacts were restricted.

The Fourth Macedonian War (15O-148 B.C.) triggered by rebellion incited by Andriscus, a pretender to the throne who posed the son of king Perseus and wanted to re-establish the kingdom of Macedon. Andricus was defeated and two years later Macedon was annexed as a Roman province. In the same year (146 B.C.) there was the Achaean war. The Achaean League waged war against Rome and was quickly defeated. The Romans destroyed the main city of the league: Corinth (which lies on the narrow stretch of land which joins the peninsula of the Peloponnese in the south of Greece to the rest of Greece). Rome annexed the Greek territories south of Macedon in central Greece and the Peloponnese Achaea. The also annexed the kingdom of Epirus, in western Greece. Both were incorporated into the Roman province of Macedon.

The Romans were aformidable force, their army the ultimate fighting force. naturally, having conquered most of the known world they made a lot of enemies. But to sum it all up here is a list of all of their enemies regardless of whether they were beaten or not:

Germans and all barbarians

Carthaginians

Celts

Egyptians

Nubians

Trevernii

Avernii

Greeks

Ubians

Iceni

Ostrogoths

Visgoths

Goths

Huns

Persians

Pics

Israelis

Belgics

and probably a lot more but those are the ones I know about.
the Greeks

During the Punic Wars, Rome also fought five wars in Greece and annexed mainland Greece.

King Phillip V of Macedon, the largest and dominant state in Greece, made an alliance with Hannibal and tried to conquer Illyria, just north of Greece, on the Adriatic coast, next door to Italy. This area had been under Roman control. Phillip threatened Roman interests there. The Romans fought the FirstMacedonian War (214-205 BC) and won. They made alliances with the Greek states of Pergamon and with the Aetolian league, a league of some Greek city-states in central Greece.

Rome fought the Second Macedonian War (200-196 BC) because the Greek states of Pergamon and Rhodes asked for help against aggression by Phillip of Macedon and Antiochus III the Seleucid emperor of Syria and much of Turkey (Pergamon was in western Turkey and Rhodes is an island of western Turkey). Rome and her allies won this war.

Rome fought the Roman- Syrian War, also called the Seleucid War (192-188 BC) because Antiochus III, the Seleucid emperor, tried to invade Greece. Rome, again with the help of Pergamon and Rhodes, was this war.

Rome fought the Third Macedonian War (172-168 BC) because the new king of Macedon, Perseus wanted to expand into Greece and kick the Romans out of Greece. Rome won. Perseus was deposed and the Romans divided Macedon by setting up four republics which were her client states.

Rome fought the Fourth Macedonian War (150-148 BC) because Andricus, who claimed to be the son of Perseus, led a revolt against Rome. Rome won this war as well.

Finally there was the Achaean War (146 BC). The Achaean League, a league of city-states in the Peloponnese (the peninsula in southern Greece) rose against Rome. This conflict was very brief as the Romans were far superior and ended with the destruction of the city of Corinth in the same year as the destruction of Carthage and the annexation of the whole of mainland Greece.

The Greeks did not unify mainland Greece because;

a) For a long time Greece had many independent city states, some of which formed leagues (alliances). The existence of the two most powerful city-states, Athens and Sparta, which fought each other, would have prevented any attempts to conquer of the whole of Greece by one state, if there had been one.

b) The Greeks expanded well beyond mainland Greece. Alexander the Great conquered the massive Persian Empire. After his death his conquests were partitioned into the Greek states of the Seleucid Empire (centred on Syria) and the Ptolemaic kingdom in Egypt

c) Later, the Romans curbed the expansionist ambition of Macedon, which had become the biggest and dominant state in Greece. Originally, under Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great, Macedon did not want to take over the whole of Greece. Then, after a period of internal strife Macedon had aims of further expansion it was prevented from doing so by Rome.

Philip II of Macedon expanded his kingdom into north-eastern and northern Greece, which became the largest Greek state. Athens responded by forming an alliance with other states of central Greece, but was defeated. However, Philip did not want to expand further and made peace because he wanted to make an alliance with the other Greek states to get them to help him with his planned war with Persia. He was assassinated two years later (336 BC).

Philip's Son, Alexander the Great, continued his father's project. He expanded a bit further into central Greece, but made the alliances needed to fight Persia. He succeeded to conquer the whole of the vast Persian Empire with the help of the other Greeks. After Alexander's death (332 BC) there were power struggles over his succession which ruled out further expansion of Macedon.

King Philip IV had expansionist aims. In 218 BC he made an alliance with Hannibal, the Carthaginian general who was invading Italy. He did so to boost his project to expand his kingdom westward and take over southern Illyria (Albania) on the eastern Adriatic Coast, which was under Roman influence. The Romans were concerned about this alliance and their security on the Adriatic Sea, which lies between Italy and Albania, and their interests in Illyria. They sent an army to Greece. They fought and won the First Macedonian War (214-205 BC) in conjunction with Greek states which allied with her because they were opposed to and concerned about Macedon's expansion. Rome won with the help of several Greek states: Aetolian League (an alliance of city-states in Central Greece), Sparta, Elis, Messenia and Pergamon,

A Second Macedonian War (200-197 BC) broke out because Rhodes, an island near Turkey, and Pergamon (a Greek kingdom in western Turkey) asked Rome for help against Macedon. Philip IV attacked land that belonged to the (Greek) king of Egypt south of Pergamon and close to Rhodes. He then ravaged the territory of the latter. Rhodes and Pergamon asked Rome for help. The Romans sent ambassadors to investigate who found little support for a war against Philip in Greece. However, Athens declared war on Greece and Macedon sent an invading force. The Roman ambassador urged Philip to leave the Greek states alone and gave an ultimatum. Philip ignored this. Rome declared war and won. The Aetolian league, Athens, Pergamon and Rhodes fought with Rome.

The Third Macedonian War (171-168 BC) was caused by the policies of the new king of Macedon, Perseus. He increased the size of his army and made alliances with the kingdom of Epirus (on the coast next to Italy) some Illyrian tribes (in an area which was in Rome's sphere of influence) and Thracian tribes hostile to Rome's allies in that area. Pergamon accused Perseus of violating an existing treaty. Rome declared war, won and divided Macedon into four puppet republics with restrictions of political and trade contracts, destroyed some cities and villages, gave some land to Roman veterans and enslaved 300,000 Macedonians Pergamon fought with Rome again.

The Fourth Macedonian War (150 to 148 BC) was caused by a revolt in Macedon. Rome won and annexed Macedon. In 146 BC the Achaean League rebelled and Rome annexed the whole of mainland Greece, which became the Roman provinces of Achaea and Epirus. Pergamon continued to be an ally of Rome until its last king, Attalus III, who died without male issue, bequeathed his kingdom to Rome in 133 BC.

In the 8th century BC, Greece began to emerge from the Dark Ages which followed the fall of the Mycenaean civilization. Literacy had been lost and Mycenaean script forgotten, but the Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet, modifying it to create the Greek alphabet. From about the 9th century BC written records begin to appear. Greece was divided into many small self-governing communities, a pattern largely dictated by Greek geography, where every island, valley and plain is cut off from its neighbours by the sea or mountain ranges. Early Athenian coin, 5th century BC

The Lelantine War (c.710-c.650 BC) was an ongoing conflict with the distinction of being the earliest documented war of the ancient Greek period. Fought between the important poleis (city-states) of Chalcis and Eretria over the fertile Lelantine plain of Euboea, both cities seem to have suffered a decline as result of the long war, though Chalcis was the nominal victor. A mercantile class rose in the first half of the 7th century, shown by the introduction of coinage in about 680 BC.[citation needed] This seems to have introduced tension to many city states. The aristocratic regimes which generally governed the poleis were threatened by the new-found wealth of merchants, who in turn desired political power. From 650 BC onwards, the aristocracies had to fight not to be overthrown and replaced by populist tyrants. The word derives from the non-pejorative Greek τύραννος tyrannos, meaning 'illegitimate ruler', although this was applicable to both good and bad leaders alike.[2][3] A growing population and shortage of land also seems to have created internal strife between the poor and the rich in many city states. In Sparta, the Messenian Wars resulted in the conquest of Messenia and enserfment of the Messenians, beginning in the latter half of the 8th century BC, an act without precedent or antecedent in ancient Greece. This practice allowed a social revolution to occur.[4] The subjugated population, thenceforth known as helots, farmed and laboured for Sparta, whilst every Spartan male citizen became a soldier of the Spartan Army in a permanently militarized state. Even the elite were obliged to live and train as soldiers; this equality between rich and poor served to diffuse the social conflict. These reforms, attributed to the shadowy Lycurgus of Sparta, were probably complete by 650 BC. Athens suffered a land and agrarian crisis in the late 7th century, again resulting in civil strife. The Archon (chief magistrate) Draco made severe reforms to the law code in 621 BC (hence Draconian), but these failed to quell the conflict. Eventually the moderate reforms of Solon (594 BC), improving the lot of the poor but firmly entrenching the aristocracy in power, gave Athens some stability. The Greek world in the mid 6th century BC.

By the 6th century BC several cities had emerged as dominant in Greek affairs: Athens, Sparta, Corinth, and Thebes. Each of them had brought the surrounding rural areas and smaller towns under their control, and Athens and Corinth had become major maritime and mercantile powers as well. Rapidly increasing population in the 8th and 7th centuries had resulted in emigration of many Greeks to form colonies in Magna Graecia (Southern Italy and Sicily), Asia Minor and further afield. The emigration effectively ceased in the 6th century by which time the Greek world had, culturally and linguistically, become much larger than the area of present-day Greece. Greek colonies were not politically controlled by their founding cities, although they often retained religious and commercial links with them. In this period, huge economic development occurred in Greece and also her overseas colonies which experienced a growth in commerce and manufacturing. There was a large improvement in the living standards of the population. Some studies estimate that the average size of the Greek household, in the period from 800 BC to 300 BC, increased five times, which indicates a large increase in the average income of the population. In the second half of the 6th century, Athens fell under the tyranny of Peisistratos and then his sons Hippias and Hipparchos. However, in 510 BC, at the instigation of the Athenian aristocrat Cleisthenes, the Spartan king Cleomenes I helped the Athenians overthrow the tyranny. Afterwards, Sparta and Athens promptly turned on each other, at which point Cleomenes I installed Isagoras as a pro-Spartan archon. Eager to prevent Athens from becoming a Spartan puppet, Cleisthenes responded by proposing to his fellow citizens that Athens undergo a revolution; that all citizens shared in the power, regardless of status; that Athens become a 'democracy'. So enthusiastically did the Athenians take to this idea, that, having overthrown Isagoras and implemented Cleisthenes's reforms, they were easily able to repel a Spartan-led three-pronged invasion aimed at restoring Isagoras.[5] The advent of the democracy cured many of the ills of Athens and led to a 'golden age' for the Athenians. Main article: Classical Greece == Main articles: Greco-Persian Wars and Peloponnesian War Athens and Sparta would soon have to become allies in the face of the largest external threat ancient Greece would see until the Roman conquest. After suppressing the Ionian Revolt, a rebellion of the Greek cities of Ionia, Darius I of Persia, King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, decided to subjugate Greece. His invasion in 490 BC was ended by the heroic Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon under Miltiades the Younger. Xerxes I of Persia, son and successor of Darius I, attempted his own invasion 10 years later, but despite his overwhelmingly large army he was defeated after the famous rearguard action at Thermopylae and victories for the allied Greeks at the Battles of Salamis and Plataea. The Greco-Persian Wars continued until 449 BC, led by the Athenians and their Delian League, during which time the Macedon, Thrace, the Aegean Islands and Ionia were all liberated from Persian influence. Delian League ("Athenian Empire"), immediately before the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC.

The dominant position of the maritime Athenian 'Empire' threatened Sparta and the Peloponnesian League of mainland Greek cities. Inevitably, this led to conflict, resulting in the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC). Though effectively a stalemate for much of the war, Athens suffered a number of setbacks. A great plague in 430 BC followed by a disastrous military campaign known as the Sicilian Expedition severely weakened Athens. Sparta was able to ferment rebellion amongst Athens's allies, further reducing the Athenian ability to wage war. The decisive moment came in 405 BC when Sparta cut off the grain supply to Athens from the Hellespont. Forced to attack, the crippled Athenian fleet was decisively defeated by the Spartans under the command of Lysander at Aegospotami. In 404 BC Athens sued for peace, and Sparta dictated a predictably stern settlement: Athens lost her city walls (including the Long Walls), her fleet, and all of her overseas possessions. == Greece thus entered the 4th century under a Spartan hegemony, but it was clear from the start that this was weak. A demographic crisis meant Sparta was overstretched, and by 395 BC Athens, Argos, Thebes, and Corinth felt able to challenge Spartan dominance, resulting in the Corinthian War (395-387 BC). Another war of stalemates, it ended with the status quo restored, after the threat of Persian intervention on behalf of the Spartans. The Spartan hegemony lasted another 16 years, until, when attempting to impose their will on the Thebans, the Spartans suffered a decisive defeat at Leuctra in 371 BC. The Theban general Epaminondas then led Theban troops into the Peloponnese, whereupon other city-states defected from the Spartan cause. The Thebans were thus able to march into Messenia and free the population. Deprived of land and its serfs, Sparta declined to a second-rank power. The Theban hegemony thus established was short-lived; at the battle of Mantinea in 362 BC, Thebes lost her key leader, Epaminondas, and much of her manpower, even though they were victorious in battle. In fact such were the losses to all the great city-states at Mantinea that none could establish dominance in the aftermath. The weakened state of the heartland of Greece coincided with the rising power of Macedon, led by Philip II. In twenty years, Philip had unified his kingdom, expanded it north and west at the expense of Illyrian tribes, and then conquered Thessaly and Thrace. His success stemmed from his innovative reforms to the Macedon army. Phillip intervened repeatedly in the affairs of the southern city-states, culminating in his invasion of 338 BC. Decisively defeating an allied army of Thebes and Athens at the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC), he became de facto hegemon of all of Greece. He compelled the majority of the city-states to join the League of Corinth, allying them to him, and preventing them from warring with each other. Philip then entered into war against the Achemaenid Empire but was assassinated by Pausanias of Orestis early on in the conflict. Alexander, son and successor of Philip, continued the war. Alexander defeated Darius III of Persia and completely destroyed the Achaemenid Empire, annexing it to Macedon and earning himself the epithet 'the Great'. When Alexander died in 323 BC, Greek power and influence was at its zenith. However, there had been a fundamental shift away from the fierce independence and classical culture of the poleis-and instead towards the developing Hellenistic culture. Main articles: Wars of Alexander the Great, Hellenistic Period, and Hellenistic civilization The Hellenistic period lasted from 323 BC, which marked the end of the Wars of Alexander the Great, to the annexation of the Greece by the Roman Republic in 146 BC. Although the establishment of Roman rule did not break the continuity of Hellenistic society and culture, which remained essentially unchanged until the advent of Christianity, it did mark the end of Greek political independence. The major Hellenistic realms; the Ptolemaic kingdom (dark blue); the Seleucid empire (yellow); Macedon (green) and Epirus (pink).

During the Hellenistic period, the importance of "Greece proper" (that is, the territory of modern Greece) within the Greek-speaking world declined sharply. The great centers of Hellenistic culture were Alexandria and Antioch, capitals of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria respectively. The conquests of Alexander had numerous consequences for the Greek city-states. It greatly widened the horizons of the Greeks and led to a steady emigration, particularly of the young and ambitious, to the new Greek empires in the east. Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria, Antioch and the many other new Hellenistic cities founded in Alexander's wake, as far away as what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan, where the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and the Indo-Greek Kingdom survived until the end of the 1st century BC. After the death of Alexander his empire was, after quite some conflict, divided amongst his generals, resulting in the Ptolemaic Kingdom (based upon Egypt), the Seleucid Empire (based on the Levant, Mesopotamia and Persia) and the Antigonid dynasty based in Macedon. In the intervening period, the poleis of Greece were able to wrest back some of their freedom, although still nominally subject to the Macedonian Kingdom. The city states formed themselves into two leagues; the Achaean League (including Thebes, Corinth and Argos) and the Aetolian League (including Sparta and Athens). For much of the period until the Roman conquest, these leagues were usually at war with each other, and/or allied to different sides in the conflicts between the Diadochi (the successor states to Alexander's empire). The Antigonid Kingdom became involved in a war with the Roman Republic in the late 3rd century. Although the First Macedonian War was inconclusive, the Romans, in typical fashion, continued to make war on Macedon until it was completely absorbed into the Roman Republic (by 149 BC). In the east the unwieldy Seleucid Empire gradually disintegrated, although a rump survived until 64 BC, whilst the Ptolemaic Kingdom continued in Egypt until 30 BC, when it too was conquered by the Romans. The Aetolian league grew wary of Roman involvement in Greece, and sided with the Seleucids in the Roman-Syrian War; when the Romans were victorious, the league was effectively absorbed into the Republic. Although the Achaean league outlasted both the Aetolian league and Macedon, it was also soon defeated and absorbed by the Romans in 146 BC, bringing an end to the independence of all of Greece.

Correct answer: A north western Doric dialect of Greek.

Livy wrote, "…The Aetolians, the Acarnanians, the Macedonians, men of the same speech, are united or disunited by trivial causes that arise from time to time …" (Livy, History of Rome, b. XXXI par. XXIX).

On another occasion Livy writes "…[General Paulus] took his official seat surrounded by the whole crowd of Macedonians … his announcement was translated into Greek and repeated by Gnaeus Octavius the praetor…". The Romans clearly saw the Macedonians as Greek speaking people.

Alexander gave an order that the inscriptions which were in a foreign language were to be explained in Greek, so that they would be comprehensible to his troops: - (Plutarch's Alexander, 69, 2)

and he also ordered that the troop of Persians "should learn the Greek language and be trained to use Macedonian weapons" - (Plutarch's Alexander, 47,6)

***The notion that the Macedonians needed translators is an entry found in livius . org that claims that "Eumenes needed a translator to address the soldiers of the Macedonian phalanx".

At that time, Greeks spoke more than 200 Hellenic dialects or languages, as the ancient Greeks used to call them. Some of the well-known dialects were Ionic, Attic, Doric, Aeolic, Cypriot, Arcadic, Aetolic, Acarnanic, Macedonian and Locric.

Nowhere in ancient sources can it be found that Eumenes needed a translator to communicate with Macedonians. Eumenes sent a Macedonian to speak to them in the Macedonian dialect, in order to win their confidence. In (Plut. Eumenes XVII.2-VIII.1) Eumenes has absolutely no problem to communicate with Macedonians. Or in (Eum. XIV.5) Macedonians greeted Eumenes μακεδονιστι τη φωνή. Therefore there was no problem of communication between Eumenes and Macedonians.

The text that alludes to Eumenes requiring a 'special interpreter' has been misinterpreted and is out of context.

________________

It was a dialect - Macedonian - which was so far removed that when Alexander gave orders, the Macedonians had to have a special interpreter.

In the context of Ancient Greek art, architecture, and culture, Hellenistic Greece corresponds to the period between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the annexation of the classical Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC focuses on the history of 'Greece proper' (effectively the area of modern Greece) during this period.

During the Hellenistic period the importance of Greece proper within the Greek-speaking world declined sharply. The great centers of Hellenistic culture were Alexandria and Antioch, capitals of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria respectively. Cities such as Pergamon, Ephesus, Rhodes and Seleucia were also important, and increasing urbanization of the Eastern Mediterranean was characteristic of the time.

• 1 Macedonian dominance
• 2 Philip V
• 3 Rise of Rome
• 4 End of Greek independence
• 5 See also
• 6 Further reading

The quests of Alexander had a number of consequences for the Greek city-states. It greatly widened the horizons of the Greeks, making the endless conflicts between the cities which had marked the 5th and 4th centuries BC seem petty and unimportant. It led to a steady emigration, particularly of the young and ambitious, to the new Greek empires in the east. Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria, Antioch and the many other new Hellenistic cities founded in Alexander's wake, as far away as what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan, where the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and the Indo-Greek Kingdom survived until the end of the 1st century BC.

The defeat of the Greek cities by Philip and Alexander also taught the Greeks that their city-states could never again be powers in their own right, and that the hegemony of Macedon and its successor states could not be challenged unless the city states united, or at least federated. The Greeks valued their local independence too much to consider actual unification, but they made several attempts to form federations through which they could hope to reassert their independence.

Following Alexander's death a struggle for power broke out among his generals, which resulted in the break-up of his empire and the establishment of a number of new kingdoms. Macedon fell to Cassander, son of Alexander's leading general Antipater, who after several years of warfare made himself master of most of Greece. He founded a new Macedonian capital at Thessaloniki and was generally a constructive ruler.

Cassander's power was challenged by Antigonus, ruler of Anatolia, who promised the Greek cities that he would restore their freedom if they supported him. This led to successful revolts against Cassander's local rulers. In 307 BC Antigonus's son Demetrius captured Athens and restored its democratic system, which had been suppressed by Alexander. But in 301 BC a coalition of Cassander and the other Hellenistic kings defeated Antigonus at the Battle of Ipsus, ending his challenge. Hellenistic Greek tomb door bas relief, Leeds City Museum.

After Cassander's death in 298 BC, however, Demetrius seized the Macedonian throne and gained control of most of Greece. He was defeated by a second coalition of Greek rulers in 285 BC, and mastery of Greece passed to the king Lysimachus of Thrace. Lysimachus was in turn defeated and killed in 280 BC. The Macedonian throne then passed to Demetrius's son Antigonus II, who also defeated an invasion of the Greek lands by the Gauls, who at this time were living in the Balkans. The battle against the Gauls united the Antigonids of Macedon and the Seleucids of Antioch, an alliance which was also directed against the wealthiest Hellenistic power, the Ptolemies of Egypt.

Antigonus II ruled until his death in 239 BC, and his family retained the Macedonian throne until it was abolished by the Romans in 146 BC. Their control over the Greek city states was intermittent, however, since other rulers, particularly the Ptolemies, subsidised anti-Macedonian parties in Greece to undermine the Antigonids' power. Antigonus placed a garrison at Corinth, the strategic centre of Greece, but Athens, Rhodes, Pergamum and other Greek states retained substantial independence, and formed the Aetolian League as a means of defending it. Sparta also remained independent, but generally refused to join any league.

In 267 BC Ptolemy II persuaded the Greek cities to revolt against Antigonus, in what became the Chremonidian War, after the Athenian leader Chremonides. The cities were defeated and Athens lost her independence and her democratic institutions. The Aetolian League was restricted to the Peloponnese, but on being allowed to gain control of Thebes in 245 BC became a Macedonian ally. This marked the end of Athens as a political actor, although it remained the largest, wealthiest and most cultivated city in Greece. In 255 BC Antigonus defeated the Egyptian fleet at Cos and brought the Aegean islands, except Rhodes, under his rule as well.

Antigonus II died in 239 BC. His death saw another revolt of the city-states of the Achaean League, whose dominant figure was Aratus of Sicyon. Antigonus's son Demetrius II died in 229 BC, leaving a child (Philip V) as king, with the general Antigonus Doson as regent. The Achaeans, while nominally subject to Ptolemy, were in effect independent, and controlled most of southern Greece. Athens remained aloof from this conflict by common consent.

Sparta remained hostile to the Achaeans, and in 227 BC Sparta's king Cleomenes III invaded Achaea and seized control of the League. Aratus preferred distant Macedon to nearby Sparta, and allied himself with Doson, who in 222 BC defeated the Spartans and annexed their city - the first time Sparta had ever been occupied by a foreign power.

Philip V, who came to power when Doson died in 221 BC, was the last Macedonian ruler with both the talent and the opportunity to unite Greece and preserve its independence against the "cloud rising in the west": the ever-increasing power of Rome. He was known as "the darling of Hellas". Under his auspices the Peace of Naupactus (217 BC) brought conflict between Macedon and the Greek leagues to an end, and at this time he controlled all of Greece except Athens, Rhodes and Pergamum.

In 215 BC, however, Philip formed an alliance with Rome's enemy Carthage, which drew Rome directly into Greek affairs for the first time. Rome promptly lured the Achaean cities away from their nominal loyalty to Philip, and formed alliances with Rhodes and Pergamum, now the strongest power in Asia Minor. The First Macedonian War broke out in 212 BC, and ended inconclusively in 205 BC, but Macedon was now marked as an enemy of Rome. Rome's ally Rhodes gained control of the Aegean islands.

In 202 BC Rome defeated Carthage, and was free to turn her attention eastwards, urged on by her Greek allies, Rhodes and Pergamum. In 198 the Second Macedonian War broke out for obscure reasons, but basically because Rome saw Macedon as a potential ally of the Seleucids, the greatest power in the east. Philip's allies in Greece deserted him and in 197 BC he was decisively defeated at the Cynoscephalae by the Roman proconsul Titus Quinctius Flamininus.

Luckily for the Greeks, Flamininus was a moderate man and an admirer of Greek culture. Philip had to surrender his fleet and become a Roman ally, but was otherwise spared. At the Isthmian Games in 196 BC, Flamininus declared all the Greek cities free, although Roman garrisons were placed at Corinth and Chalcis. But the freedom promised by Rome was an illusion. All the cities except Rhodes were enrolled in a new League which Rome ultimately controlled, and democracies were replaced by aristocratic regimes allied to Rome.

During the following years Rome was drawn deeper into Greek politics, since the defeated party in any dispute appealed to Rome for help. Macedon was still independent, though nominally a Roman ally. When Philip V died in 179 BC he was succeeded by his son Perseus, who like all the Macedonian kings dreamed of uniting the Greeks under Macedonian rule. Macedon was now too weak to achieve this objective, but Rome's ally Eumenes II of Pergamum persuaded Rome that Perseus was a potential threat to Rome's position.

Under the leadership of an adventurer called Andriscus, Macedon rebelled against Roman rule in 149 BC: as a result it was directly annexed the following year and became a Roman province, the first of the Greek states to suffer this fate. Rome now demanded that the Achaean League, the last stronghold of Greek independence, be dissolved. The Achaeans refused and, feeling that they might as well die fighting, declared war on Rome. Most of the Greek cities rallied to the Achaeans' side, even slaves were freed to fight for Greek independence. The Roman consul Lucius Mummius advanced from Macedonia and defeated the Greeks at Corinth, which was razed to the ground.

In 146 BC the Greek peninsula, though not the islands, became a Roman protectorate. Roman taxes were imposed, except in Athens and Sparta, and all the cities had to accept rule by Rome's local allies. In 133 BC the last king of Pergamum died and left his kingdom to Rome: this brought most of the Aegean peninsula under direct Roman rule as part of the province of Asia. Macedo-Ptolemaic soldiers of the Ptolemaic kingdom, 100 BC, detail of the Nile mosaic of Palestrina.

The final downfall of Greece came in 88 BC, when King Mithridates of Pontus rebelled against Rome, and massacred up to 100,000 Romans and Roman allies across Asia Minor. Although Mithridates was not Greek, many Greek cities, including Athens, overthrew their Roman puppet rulers and joined him. When he was driven out of Greece by the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Roman vengeance fell upon Greece again, and the Greek cities never recovered. Mithridates was finally defeated by Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) in 65 BC.

Further ruin was brought to Greece by the Roman civil wars, which were partly fought in Greece. Finally, in 27 BC, Augustus directly annexed Greece to the new Roman Empire as the province of Achaea. The struggles with Rome had left Greece depopulated and demoralised. Nevertheless, Roman rule at least brought an end to warfare, and cities such as Athens, Corinth, Thessaloniki and Patras soon recovered their prosperity.

• Hellenistic civilization
• Hellenistic period
• Alexander the Great
• Hellenistic art

• Austin, Michel M., The Hellenistic world from Alexander to the Roman conquest: a selection of ancient sources in translation, Cambridge University Press, 1981. ISBN 0521228298

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Ancient Greek name English name Description Ἀφροδίτη (Aphroditē) Aphrodite The goddess of love, beauty and desire. Although married to Hephaestusshe had many lovers, most notably Ares. She was depicted as a beautiful woman. Her symbols include the rose, scallopshell, pomegranate, and myrtlewreath. Her sacred animal is the dove. Ἀπόλλων (Apóllōn) Apollo The god of music, healing, plague, the sun, prophecies, poetry, and archery; associated with light, truth and the sun. He is Artemis' twin brother and Hermes' elder (half)brother, and son of Zeusand Leto. He was depicted as a handsome, beardless youth with long hair and various attributes including a laurelwreath, bow and quiver, raven, and lyre. Animals sacred to Apollo include: roe deer, swans, cicadas, hawks, ravens, crows, foxes, and snakes. Ἄρης (Árēs) Ares The god of war, bloodlust, violence, manly courage, and civil order. The son of Zeusand Hera, he was depicted as either a mature, bearded warrior dressed in battle arms, or a nude beardless youth with helm and spear. His attributes are golden armour and a bronze-tipped spear. His sacred animals are the vulture, venomous snakes, alligators, dogs, and boars. Ἄρτεμις (Ártemis) ArtemisVirgin goddess of the hunt, wilderness, animals, young girls, childbirth and plague. In later times she became associated with the moon. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and twin sister ofApollo. In art she was usually depicted as a young woman dressed in a short knee-length chitonand equipped with a hunting bow and a quiver of arrows. In addition to the bow, her attributes include hunting spears, animal pelts, deer and other wild animals. Her sacred animals are deer, bears, and wild boars. Ἀθηνᾶ (Athēnâ) Athena The goddess of wisdom, warfare, battle strategy, heroic endeavour, handicrafts and reason. According to most traditions, she was born from Zeus's head fully formed and armored. She was depicted crowned with a crested helm, armed with shield and a spear. Her symbol is the olivetree. She is commonly shown accompanied by her sacred animal, the owl. Δημήτηρ (Dēmētēr) Demeter The goddess of agriculture, horticulture, grain and harvest. Demeter is a daughter of CronusandRhea and sister of Zeus, by whom she bore Persephone. She was depicted as a mature woman, often crowned and holding sheafs of wheat and a torch. Her symbols are the Cornucopia(horn of plenty), wheat-ears, the winged serpent and the lotus staff. Her sacred animals are pigs and snakes. Διόνυσος (Diónysos) Dionysus The god of wine, parties and festivals, madness, chaos, drunkenness and pleasure at forever young. He was depicted in art as either an older bearded god or a pretty effeminate, long-haired youth. His attributes include the thyrsus (a pinecone-tipped staff), drinking cup, grape vine, and a crown of ivy. Animals sacred to him include dolphins, serpents, tigers, and donkeys. A later addition to the Olympians, in some accounts he replaced Hestia. ᾍδης (Hádēs) Hades King of the Underworld and god of the dead and the hidden wealth of the Earth. His consort isPersephoneand his attributes are the key of Hades, the Helm of Darkness, and the three-headed dog, Cerberus. The screech owl was sacred to him. Despite being the son of Cronus and Rhea and the elder brother of Zeus, as a chthonic god he is only rarely listed among the Olympians. The name Pluto became more common in the Classical period with the mystery religions and Athenian literature. He did not have a throne in Olympus, but is still very known for being one of the three sons of Cronus. Ἥφαιστος (Hḗphaistos) HephaestusCrippled god of fire, metalworking, stonemasonry, sculpture and volcanism. The son of Herabyparthenogenesis, he is the smith of the gods and the husband of the adulterous Aphrodite. He was usually depicted as a bearded man holding hammer and tongs-the tools of a smith-and riding a donkey. His symbols are the hammer, tongs, and anvil. His sacred animals are the donkey, the guard dog and the crane. Ἥρα (Hḗra) Hera Queen of marriage, women, childbirth, heirs, kings and empires. She is the wife of Zeus and daughter of Cronus and Rhea. She was usually depicted as a beautiful woman wearing a crown and veil and holding a royal, lotus-tipped staff. Her sacred animals are the heifer, the lion, the peacock, and the cuckoo. Ἑρμῆς (Hērmēs) Hermes The god of travel, messengers, trade, thievery, cunning wiles, language, writing, diplomacy, athletics, and animal husbandry. He is the messenger of the gods, a psychopompwho leads the souls of the dead into Hades' realm, and the son of Zeus and Maia. He was depicted either as a handsome and athletic beardless youth, or as an older bearded man. His attributes include the herald's wand or caduceus, winged sandals, and a traveler's cap. His sacred animals are the tortoise, the ram, and the hawk. Ἑστία (Hestía) Hestia Virgin goddess of the hearth, home and cooking. She is a daughter of Rhea and Cronus and sister of Zeus. She was depicted as a modestly veiled woman, whose symbols are the hearth and kettle. In some accounts, she gave up her seat as one of the Twelve Olympians in favor of Dionysus. Ποσειδῶν (Poseidōn) Poseidon The god of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, earthquakes, and the creator of horses; known as the "Earth Shaker". He is a son of Cronus and Rhea and brother to Zeusand Hades. In classical artwork, he was depicted as a mature man of sturdy build with a dark beard, and holding a trident. The horse and the dolphin are sacred to him. Ζεύς (Zeus) Zeus The king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and fate. He is the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea, whom he overthrew after Cronusswallowed his brothers and sisters and he is brother-husband to Hera. In artwork, he was depicted as a regal, mature man with a sturdy figure and dark beard. His usual attributes are the royal scepter and the lightning bolt, and his sacred animals are the eagle and the bull.

• The Hekatoncheires(Ἑκατόγχειρες), or Centimanes (Latin), the Hundred-Handed Ones, giant gods of violent storms and hurricanes. Three sons of Uranus and Gaea, each with their own distinct characters.[1]
  • Briareus or Aigaion (Βριάρεως), The Vigorous
  • Cottus (Κόττος), The Furious
  • Gyges (Γύγης), The Big-Limbed
• Agrius(Ἄγριος), a man-eating Thracian giant who was half-man and half-bear
• Alcyoneus(Ἀλκυονεύς), the king of the Thracian giants, who was slain by Heracles
• Aloadae(Ἀλῳάδαι), twin giants who attempted to storm heaven
  • Otos (Ότος)
  • Ephialtes (Εφιάλτης)
• Antaeus(Ἀνταῖος), a Libyan giant who wrestled all visitors to the death until he was slain by Heracles
• Argus Panoptes (Ἄργος Πανόπτης), a hundred-eyed giant tasked with guarding over Io
• Cyclopes(Elder), three one-eyed giants who forged the lightning-bolts of Zeus
  • Arges (Ἄργης)
  • Brontes (Βρόντης)
  • Steropes (Στερόπης)
• Cyclopes(Younger), a tribe of one-eyed, man-eating giants who shepherded flocks of sheep on the island of Sicily
  • Polyphemus(Πολύφημος), a cyclops who briefly captured Odysseus and his men, only to be overcome and blinded by the hero
• Enceladus(Ἐγκέλαδος), one of the Thracian giants who made war on the gods
• The Gegenees(Γηγενέες), a tribe of six-armed giants fought by the Argonauts on Bear Mountain in Mysia
• Geryon(Γηρυών), a three-bodied, four-winged giant who dwelt on the red island of Erytheia
• The Laestrygonians(Λαιστρυγόνες), a tribe of man-eating giants encountered by Odysseus on his travels
• Orion(Ὠρίων), a giant huntsman whom Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation of Orion
• Porphyrion(Πορφυρίων), the king of the Gigantes who was struck down by Heracles and Zeus with arrows and lightning-bolts after he attempted to rape Hera
• Talos(Τάλως), a giant forged from bronze by Hephaestus, and gifted by Zeus to his lover Europa as her personal protector
• Tityos(Τίτυος), a giant slain by Apollo and Artemis when he attempted to violate their mother Leto.
• Typhon(Τυφῶν), a monstrous immortal storm-giant who was defeated and imprisoned in the pits of Tartarus

• Achlys(Ἀχλύς), spirit of the death-mist
• Adephagia(Ἀδηφαγία), spirit of satiety and gluttony
• Adikia(Ἀδικία), spirit of injustice and wrong-doing
• Aergia(Ἀεργία), spirit of idleness, laziness, indolence and sloth
• Agon (Ἀγών), spirit of contest, who possessed an altar at Olympia, site of the Olympic Games.
• Aidos(Αἰδώς), spirit of modesty, reverence and respect
• Aisa (Αἴσα), personification of lot and fate
• Alala(Ἀλαλά), spirit of the war cry
• Alastor(Ἀλάστωρ), spirit of blood feuds and vengeance
• Aletheia(Ἀλήθεια), spirit of truth, truthfulness and sincerity
• The Algea(Ἄλγεα), spirits of pain and suffering
  • Achos (Ἄχος) "trouble, distress"
  • Ania (Ἀνία) "ache, anguish"
  • Lupe (Λύπη) "pain, grief, sadness"
• Alke (Ἀλκή), spirit of prowess and courage
• Amechania(Ἀμηχανία), spirit of helplessness and want of means
• The Amphilogiai(Ἀμφιλογίαι), spirits of disputes, debate and contention
• Anaideia(Ἀναίδεια), spirit of ruthlessness, shamelessness, and unforgivingness
• The Androktasiai(Ἀνδροκτασίαι), spirits of battlefield slaughter
• Angelia(Ἀγγελία), spirit of messages, tidings and proclamations
• Apate(Ἀπάτη), spirit of deceit, guile, fraud and deception
• Apheleia(Ἀφέλεια), spirit of simplicity
• Aporia(Ἀπορία), spirit of difficulty, perplexity, powerlessness and want of means
• The Arae (Ἀραί), spirits of curses
• Arete(Ἀρετή), spirit of virtue, excellence, goodness and valour
• Atë (Ἄτη), spirit of delusion, infatuation, blind folly, recklessness and ruin
• Bia (Βία), spirit of force, power, bodily strength and compulsion
• Caerus(Καιρός), spirit of opportunity
• Corus(Κόρος), spirit of surfeit
• Deimos(Δεῖμος), spirit of fear, dread and terror
• Dikaiosyne(Δικαιοσύνη), spirit of justice and righteousness
• Dike (Δίκη), spirit of justice, fair judgements and the rights established by custom and law
• Dolos(Δόλος), spirit of trickery, cunning deception, craftiness, treachery and guile
• Dysnomia(Δυσνομία), spirit of lawlessness and poor civil constitution
• Dyssebeia(Δυσσέβεια), spirit of impiety
• Eirene(Εἰρήνη), goddess of peace
• Ekecheiria(Ἐκεχειρία), spirit of truce, armistice, and the cessation of all hostilities; honoured at the Olympic Games
• Eleos(Ἔλεος), spirit of mercy, pity and compassion
• Elpis(Ἐλπίς), spirit of hope and expectation
• Epiphron(Ἐπίφρων), spirit of prudence, shrewdness, thoughtfulness, carefulness and sagacity
• Eris (Ἔρις), spirit of strife, discord, contention and rivalry
• The Erotes(ἔρωτες)
  • Anteros(Ἀντέρως), god of requited love
  • Eros (Ἔρως), god of love and sexual intercourse
  • Hedylogos (Ἡδύλογος), god of sweet talk and flattery
  • Himeros(Ἵμερος), god of sexual desire
  • Pothos(Πόθος), god of sexual longing, yearning and desire
• Eucleia(Εὔκλεια), spirit of good repute and glory
• Eulabeia(Εὐλάβεια), spirit of discretion, caution and circumspection
• Eunomia(Εὐνομία), goddess of good order and lawful conduct
• Eupheme(Εὐφήμη), spirit of words of good omen, acclamation, praise, applause and shouts of triumph
• Eupraxia(Eὐπραξία), spirit of well-being
• Eusebeia(Eὐσέβεια), spirit of piety, loyalty, duty and filial respect
• Euthenia(Εὐθενία), spirit of prosperity, abundance and plenty
• Gelos(Γέλως), spirit of laughter
• Geras(Γῆρας), spirit of old age
• Harmonia(Ἁρμονία), goddess of harmony and concord
• Hebe (Ήβη), goddess of youth
• Hedone(Ἡδονή), spirit of pleasure, enjoyment and delight
• Heimarmene(Εἵμαρμένη), personification of share destined by fate
• Homados(Ὅμαδος), spirit of the din of battle
• Homonoia(Ὁμόνοια), spirit of concord, unanimity, and oneness of mind
• Horkos(Ὅρκος), spirit of oaths
• Horme (Ὁρμή), spirit of impulse or effort (to do a thing), eagerness, setting oneself in motion, and starting an action
• Hybris(Ὕβρις), spirit of outrageous behaviour
• Hypnos(Ὕπνος), god of sleep
• The Hysminai(Ὑσμῖναι), spirits of fighting and combat
• Ioke (Ἰωκή), spirit of pursuit in battle
• Kakia(Kακία), spirit of vice and moral badness
• Kalokagathia(Καλοκαγαθία), spirit of nobility
• The Keres(Κῆρες), spirit of violent or cruel death
• Koalemos(Κοάλεμος), spirit of stupidity and foolishness
• Kratos(Κράτος), spirit of strength, might, power and sovereign rule
• Kydoimos(Κυδοιμός), spirit of the din of battle, confusion, uproar and hubbub
• Lethe (Λήθη), spirit of forgetfulness and oblivion, and of the river of the same name
• Limos(Λιμός), spirit of hunger and starvation
• The Litae(Λιταί), spirits of prayer
• Lyssa(Λύσσα), spirit of rage, fury and rabies in animals
• The Machai(Μάχαι), spirits of fighting and combat
• Mania(Μανία), spirit or spirits of madness, insanity and frenzy
• The Moirai, or "Fates" (Μοίραι)
  • Clotho(Κλωθώ), the spinner of the life thread
  • Lachesis(Λάχεσις), the measurer of the life thread
  • Atropos(Άτροπος), the severer of the life thread
• Momus(Μῶμος), spirit of mockery, blame, censure and stinging criticism
• Moros(Μόρος), spirit of doom
• The Neikea (τὰ Νείκη), spirits of quarrels, feuds and grievances
• Nemesis(Νέμεσις), goddess of revenge, balance, righteous indignation and retribution
• Nike (Νίκη), goddess of victory
• Nomos(Νόμος), spirit of law
• Oizys(Ὀϊζύς), spirit of woe and misery
• The Oneiroi(Ὄνειροι), spirits of dreams
  • Epiales(Ἐπιάλης), spirit of nightmares
  • Morpheus(Μορφεύς), god of dreams, who takes shape of humans
  • Phantasos(Φάντασος) spirit of dreams of fantasy, who takes shape of inanimate objects
  • Phobetor(Φοβήτωρ) or Icelos (Ἴκελος), spirit of nightmares, who takes shape of animals
• Palioxis(Παλίωξις), spirit of backrush, flight and retreat from battle
• Peitharchia(Πειθαρχία), spirit of obedience
• Peitho(Πειθώ), spirit of persuasion and seduction
• Penia(Πενία), spirit of poverty and need
• Penthus(Πένθος), spirit of grief, mourning and lamentation
• Pepromene(Πεπρωμένη), personification of the destined share, similar to Heimarmene
• Pheme (Φήμη), spirit of rumour, report and gossip
• Philophrosyne(Φιλοφροσύνη), spirit of friendliness, kindness and welcome
• Philotes(Φιλότης), spirit of friendship, affection and sexual intercourse
• Phobos(Φόβος), spirit of panic fear, flight and battlefield rout
• The Phonoi(Φόνοι), spirits of murder, killing and slaughter
• Phrike(Φρίκη), spirit of horror and trembling fear
• Phthonus(Φθόνος), spirit of envy and jealousy
• Pistis(Πίστις), spirit of trust, honesty and good faith
• Poine(Ποίνη), spirit of retribution, vengeance, recompense, punishment and penalty for the crime of murder and manslaughter
• Polemos(Πόλεμος), personification of war
• Ponos(Πόνος), spirit of hard labour and toil
• Poros(Πόρος), spirit of expediency, the means of accomplishing or providing, contrivance and device
• Praxidike(Πραξιδίκη), spirit of exacting justice
• Proioxis(Προίωξις), spirit of onrush and battlefield pursuit
• Prophasis(Πρόφασις), spirit of excuses and pleas
• The Pseudologoi, spirits of lies
• Ptocheia(Πτωχεία), spirit of beggary
• Soter(Σωτήρ), male spirit of safety, preservation and deliverance from harm
• Soteria(Σωτηρία), female personification of safety, preservation and deliverance from harm
• Sophrosyne(Σωφροσύνη), spirit of moderation, self-control, temperance, restraint, and discretion
• Techne(Τέχνη), personification of art and skill
• Thanatos(Θάνατος), spirit of death and mortality
• Thrasos(Θράσος), spirit of boldness
• Tyche (Τύχη), goddess of fortune, chance, providence and fate
• Zelos ( Ζῆλος), spirit of eager rivalry, emulation, envy, jealousy and zeal

• Amphiaraus(Ἀμφιάραος), a hero of the war of the Seven Against Thebe who became an oracular spirit of the Underworld after his death
• Angelos(Ἄγγελος), a daughter of Zeus and Hera who became an underworld goddess
• Askalaphos(Ἀσκάλαφος), the son of Acheron and Orphne who tended the Underworld orchards before being transformed into a screech owl by Demeter
• Cerberus(Κέρβερος), the three-headed hound who guarded the gates of Hades
• Charon(Χάρων), ferryman of Hades
• Empusa(Ἔμπουσα), a monstrous underworld spirit or spirits with flaming hair, the leg of a goat and a leg of bronze. They are also servants of Hecate.
• Erebos(Ἔρεβος), the primeval god of darkness, his mists encircled the underworld and filled the hollows of the earth
• The Erinyes(Ἐρινύες), the Furies, goddesses of retribution
  • Alecto(Ἀληκτώ), the unceasing one
  • Tisiphone(Τισιφόνη), avenger of murder
  • Megaera(Μέγαιρα), the jealous one
• Hecate(Ἑκάτη), goddess of magic, witchcraft, the night, moon, ghosts and necromancy
• Judges of the Dead
  • Aiakos(Αἰακός), former mortal king of Aegina, guardian of the keys of Hades and judge of the men of Europe
  • Minos(Μίνως), former mortal king of Crete and judge of the final vote
  • Rhadamanthys(Ῥαδάμανθυς), former mortal lawmaker and judge of the men of Asia
• Keuthonymos(Κευθόνυμος), an Underworld spirit and father of Menoetes
• Cronus(Κρόνος), deposed king of the Titans; after his release from Tartarus he was appointed king of the Island of the Blessed
• Lamia(Λάμια), a vampiric Underworld spirit or spirits in the train of Hecate
• Lampades(Λαμπάδες), torch-bearing Underworld nymphs
  • Gorgyra(Γοργύρα)
  • Orphne(Ορφνη), a Lampad nymph of Hades, mother of Askalaphos
• Macaria(Μακαρία), daughter of Hades and goddess of blessed death (not to be confused with the daughter of Heracles)
• Melinoe(Μελινόη), daughter of Persephone and Zeus who presided over the propitiations offered to the ghosts of the dead
• Menoetes(Μενοίτης), an Underworld spirit who herded the cattle of Hades
• Mormo(Μορμώ), a fearsome Underworld spirit or spirits in the train of Hecate
• Nyx (Νύξ), the primeval goddess of night
• Persephone(Περσεφόνη), queen of the underworld, wife of Hades and goddess of spring growth
• Rivers of the Underworld
  • Acheron(Αχέρων), the river of pain
  • Kokytos(Kωκυτός), the river of wailing
  • Lethe (Λήθη), the river of forgetfulness
  • Phlegethon(Φλεγέθων), the river of fire
  • Styx (Στύξ), the river of hate
• Tartarus(Τάρταρος), the primeval god of the dark, stormy pit of Hades
• Thanatos(Θάνατος), spirit of death and minister of Hades

• Aegaeon(Αιγαίων), god of violent sea storms and ally of the Titans
• Acheilos(Αχειλος), shark-shaped sea spirit
• Amphitrite(Αμφιτρίτη), sea goddess and consort of Poseidon
• Benthesikyme(Βενθεσικύμη), daughter of Poseidon, who resided in Ethiopia
• Brizo(Βριζώ), patron goddess of sailors, who sent prophetic dreams
• Ceto (Κῆτώ), goddess of the dangers of the ocean and of sea monsters
• Charybdis(Χάρυβδις), a sea monster and spirit of whirlpools and the tide
• Cymopoleia(Κυμοπόλεια), a daughter of Poseidon married to the Giant Briareus
• Delphin (Δέλφιν), the leader of the dolphins, Poseidon placed him in the sky as the constellation Delphin
• Eidothea (Ειδοθέα), prophetic sea nymph and daughter of Proteus
• Glaucus(Γλαῦκος), the fisherman's sea god
• Gorgons(Γοργόνες), three monstrous sea spirits
  • Stheno(Σθεννώ)
  • Euryale(Εὐρυάλη)
  • Medusa(Μέδουσα), the only mortal of the three
• The Graeae(Γραῖαι), three ancient sea spirits who personified the white foam of the sea; they shared one eye and one tooth between them
  • Deino (Δεινώ)
  • Enyo (Ενυώ)
  • Pemphredo (Πεμφρεδώ)
• The Harpies(Ηάρπυιαι), winged spirits of sudden, sharp gusts of wind
  • Aello (Αελλώ) or Aellope(Αελλώπη) or Aellopous (Αελλόπους)
  • Ocypete(Ωκυπέτη) or Ocypode (Ωκυπόδη) or Ocythoe (Ωκυθόη)
  • Podarge(Ποδάργη) or Podarke (Ποδάρκη)
  • Celaeno(Κελαινώ)
  • Nicothoe (Νικοθόη)
• Hippocampi(ἱπποκαμπος), the horses of the sea they are half horse with the tail of a fish
• The Ichthyocentaurs(Ιχθυοκένταυροι), a pair of centaurine sea-gods with the upper bodies of men, the lower fore-parts of horses, ending in the serpentine tails of fish
  • Bythos (Βύθος) "sea depth"
  • Aphros (Άφρος) "sea foam"
• Karkinos(Καρκίνος), a giant crab who allied itself with the Hydra against Heracles. When it died, Hera placed it in the sky as the constellationCancer.
• Ladon(Λάδων), a hundred-headed sea serpent who guarded the western reaches of the sea, and the island and golden apples of the Hesperides
• Leucothea(Λευκοθέα), a sea goddess who aided sailors in distress
• Nereides(Νηρηίδες), sea nymphs
  • Thetis(Θέτις), leader of the Nereids who presided over the spawning of marine life in the sea
  • Arethusa(Αρετούσα), a daughter of Nereus who was transformed into a fountain
  • Galene(Γαλήνη), goddess of calm seas
  • Psamathe(Πσαμάθη), goddess of sand beaches
• Nereus(Νηρέας), the old man of the sea, and the god of the sea's rich bounty of fish
• Nerites(Νερίτης), a sea spirit who was transformed into a shell-fish by Aphrodite
• Oceanus(Ὠκεανός), Titan god of the Earth-encircling river Oceanus, the font of all the Earth's fresh-water
• Palaemon(Παλαίμων), a young sea god who aided sailors in distress
• Phorcys(Φόρκυς), god of the hidden dangers of the deep
• Pontos(Πόντος), primeval god of the sea, father of the fish and other sea creatures
• Poseidon(Ποσειδῶν), king of the sea and lord of the sea gods; also god of rivers, flood and drought, earthquakes, and horses
• Proteus(Πρωτεύς), a shape-shifting, prophetic old sea god, and the herdsman of Poseidon's seals
• Scylla(Σκύλλα), monstrous sea goddess
• The Sirens(Σειρῆνες), sea nymphs who lured sailors to their death with their song
  • Aglaope (Αγλαόπη) or Aglaophonos (Αγλαόφωνος) or Aglaopheme (Αγλαοφήμη)
  • Himerope (Ίμερόπη)
  • Leucosia (Λευκοσία)
  • Ligeia (Λιγεία)
  • Molpe (Μολπή)
  • Parthenope (Παρθενόπη)
  • Peisinoe (Πεισινόη) or Peisithoe (Πεισιθόη)
  • Raidne (Ραίδνη)
  • Teles (Τέλης)
  • Thelchtereia (Θελχτήρεια)
  • Thelxiope (Θελξιόπη) or Thelxiepeia (Θελξιέπεια)
• The Telchines(Τελχινες), sea spirits native to the island of Rhodes; the gods killed them when they turned to evil magic
  • Actaeus (Ακταιος)
  • Argyron (Αργυρών)
  • Atabyrius (Αταβύριος)
  • Chalcon (Χαλκών)
  • Chryson (Χρυσών)
  • Damon (Δαμων) or Demonax (Δημώναξ)
  • Damnameneus (Δαμναμενεύς)
  • Dexithea (Δεξιθέα), mother of Euxanthios by Minos
  • Lycos (Λύκος) or Lyktos (Λύκτος)
  • Lysagora (Λυσαγόρα)?
  • Makelo (Μακελώ)
  • Megalesius (Μεγαλήσιος)
  • Mylas (Μύλας)
  • Nikon (Νίκων)
  • Ormenos (Ορμενος)
  • Simon (Σίμων)
  • Skelmis (Σκελμις)
• Tethys(Τηθύς), wife of Oceanus, and the mother of the rivers, springs, streams, fountains and clouds
• Thalassa(Θάλασσα), primeval spirit of the sea and consort of Pontos
• Thaumas(Θαῦμας), god of the wonders of the sea
• Thoosa(Θόοσα), goddess of swift currents
• Triteia(Τριτεια), daughter of Triton and companion of Ares
• Triton(Τρίτων), fish-tailed son and herald of Poseidon
• Tritones(Τρίτωνες), fish-tailed spirits in Poseidon's retinue

• Achelois(Ἀχελωΐς), "she who washes pain away", a minor moon goddess
• Aeolus(Aiolos) (Αίολος), god of the winds.
• Aether(Αιθήρ), primeval god of the upper air
• Alectrona(Αλεκτρονα), solar goddess of the morning or waking up
• Anemoi, gods of the winds
  • Boreas(Βορέας), god of the north wind and of winter
  • Eurus(Εύρος), god of the unlucky east or southeast wind
  • Notus (Νότος) god of the south wind
  • Zephyrus(Ζέφυρος), god of the west wind
  • Aparctias (Απαρκτίας), another name for the north wind (not identified with Boreas)
  • Apheliotes (Αφηλιώτης), god of the east wind (when Eurus is considered southeast)
  • Argestes (Αργέστης), another name for the west or northwest wind
  • Caicias (Καικίας), god of the northeast wind
  • Circios (Κίρκιος) or Thraskias (Θρασκίας), god of the north-northwest wind
  • Euronotus (Ευρονότος), god of the southeast wind
  • Lips (Λίψ), god of the southwest wind
  • Skeiron (Σκείρων), god of the northwest wind
• Arke (Άρκη), messenger of the Titans and twin sister of Iris
• Astraios(Ἀστραῖος), Titan god of stars and planets, and the art of astrology
• The Astra Planeti (Αστρα Πλανετοι), gods of the five wandering stars or planets
  • Stilbon(Στιλβών), god of Hermaon, the planet Mercury
  • Eosphorus(Ηωσφόρος), god of Venus the morning star
  • Hesperus(Ἓσπερος), god of Venus the evening star
  • Pyroeis(Πυρόεις), god of Areios, the planet Mars
  • Phaethon(Φαέθων), god of Dios, the planet Jupiter
  • Phaenon(Φαίνων), god of Kronion, the planet Saturn
• Aurai(Αὖραι), nymphs of the cooling breeze
  • Aura (Αὖρα), goddess of the breeze and the fresh, cool air of early morning
• Chaos (Χάος), the nothingness from which all else sprang, she also represented the lower atmosphere which surrounded the earth
• Chione(Χιόνη), goddess of snow and daughter of Boreas
• Helios(Ἥλιος), Titan god of the sun and guardian of oaths
• Selene(Σελήνη), Titan goddess of the moon
• Eos (Ἠώς), Titan goddess of the dawn
• Hemera(Ημέρα), primeval goddess of daylight and the sun
• Hera (Ήρα), Queen of Heaven and goddess of the air and starry constellations
• Herse (Ἕρση), goddess of the morning dew
• The Hesperides(Ἑσπερίδες)
• The Hyades, nymphs that represented a star cluster in the constellation Taurus and were associated with rain
• Iris (Ίρις), goddess of the rainbow and divine messenger
• The Menae(Μήναι), fifty goddesses of phases of the moon and the fifty lunar months of the four-year Olympiad
• Nephelai(Νεφήλαι), cloud nymphs
• Ouranos(Ουρανός), primeval god of the heavens
• Pandia(Πανδία), daughter of Selene and Zeus; goddess of the full moon and of the earth-nourishing dew
• The Pleiades(Πλειάδες), goddesses of the constellation Pleiades
  • Alcyone(Αλκυόνη)
  • Sterope(Στερόπη)
  • Celaeno(Κελαινώ)
  • Electra(Ηλέκτρα)
  • Maia(Μαία)
  • Merope(Μερόπη)
  • Taygete(Ταϋγέτη)
• Zeus (Ζεύς), King of Heaven and god of the sky, clouds, rain, thunder and lightning

• Aetna(Αἴτνη), goddess of the volcanic Mount Etna in Sicily
• Amphictyonis(Αμφικτυονίς), goddess of wine and friendship between nations, a local form of Demeter
• Anthousai(Ανθούσαι), flower nymphs
• Aristaeus(Ἀρισταῖος), god of bee-keeping, cheese-making, herding, olive-growing and hunting
• Attis(Άττις), vegetation god and consort of Cybele
• Britomartis(Βριτόμαρτις), Cretan goddess of hunting and nets used for fishing, fowling and the hunting of small game
• Cabeiri(Κάβειροι), gods or spirits who presided over the Mysteries of the islands of Lemnos and Samothrace
  • Aitnaios (Αιτναιος)
  • Alkon (Αλκων)
  • Eurymedon (Ευρυμεδών)
  • Onnes (Όννης)
  • Tonnes (Τόννης)
• Centaurs(Κένταυροι), a race of half-man, half-horse beings
  • Asbolus(Άσβολος)
  • Chariclo(Χαρικλώ), wife of the centaur Chiron
  • Chiron(Χείρων), the eldest and wisest of the Centaurs
  • Eurytion(Ευρυτιων)
  • Nessus(Νέσσος), a ferryman at the river Euenus
  • Pholus(Φώλος)
• The Cercopes(Κέρκοπες), a pair of monkey-like thieves who plagued the land of Lydia in western Anatolia
  • Akmon (Ακμών)
  • Passalos (Πάσσαλος)
• Chloris(Χλωρίς), goddess of flowers and wife of Zephyrus
• Comus(Κόμος), god of revelry, merrymaking and festivity
• Corymbus(Κόρυμβος), god of the fruit of the ivy
• The Curetes(Κουρέτες), guardians of infant Zeus on Mount Ida, barely distinguished from the Dactyls and the Corybantes
• Cybele(Κυβέλη), a Phrygian mountain goddess associated with Rhea
• The Dactyls(Δάκτυλοι)"fingers", minor deities originally representing fingers of a hand
  • Acmon(Ακμών)
  • Damnameneus (Δαμναμενεύς)
  • Delas (Δήλας)
  • Epimedes (Επιμήδης)
  • Heracles (not to be confused with the hero Heracles)
  • Iasios (Ιάσιος)
  • Kelmis (Κελμις)
  • Skythes (Σκύθης)
• Dionysus(Διόνυσος), god of wine, drunken orgies and wild vegetation
• Dryades(Δρυάδες), tree and forest nymphs
• Gaia (Γαία), primeval goddess of the earth
• Epimeliades(Επιμελίδες), nymphs of highland pastures and protectors of sheep flocks
• Hamadryades(Αμαδρυάδες), oak tree dryades
• Hecaterus(Ηεκατερος), minor god of the hekateris - a rustic dance of quickly moving hands - and perhaps of the skill of hands in general
• Hephaestus(Ήφαιστος), god of metalworking
• Hermes(Ερμής), god of herds and flocks, of roads and boundary stones
• The Horae (Ώρες), The Hours
  • The goddesses of natural order
    • Eunomia(Ευνομία), spirit of good order, and springtime goddess of green pastures
    • Dike (Δίκη), spirit of justice, may have represented springtime growth
    • Eirene(Ειρήνη), spirit of peace and goddess of the springtime
  • The goddesses of springtime growth
    • Thallo(Θαλλώ), goddess of spring buds and shoots, identified with Eirene
    • Auxo (Αυξώ), goddess of spring growth
    • Karpo(Καρπώ), goddess of the fruits of the earth
  • The goddesses of welfare
    • Pherousa(Φέρουσα) "the bringer"
    • Euporie(Ευπορίη) "abundance"
    • Orthosie(Ορθοσίη) "prosperity"
  • The goddesses of the natural portions of time and the times of day
    • Auge (Αυγή), first light of the morning
    • Anatole (Ανατολή) or Anatolia (Ανατολία), sunrise
    • Mousika or Musica (Μουσική), the morning hour of music and study
    • Gymnastika, Gymnastica (Γυμναστίκή) or Gymnasia (Γυμνασία), the morning hour of gymnastics/exercise
    • Nymphe (Νυμφή), the morning hour of ablutions (bathing, washing)
    • Mesembria (Μεσημβρία), noon
    • Sponde(Σπονδή), libations poured after lunch
    • Elete, prayer, the first of the afternoon work hours
    • Akte, Acte (Ακτή) or Cypris (Κυπρίς), eating and pleasure, the second of the afternoon work hours
    • Hesperis (Έσπερίς), evening
    • Dysis (Δύσις), sunset
    • Arktos (Άρκτος), night sky, constellation
  • The goddesses of seasons of the year
    • Eiar (Είαρ), spring
    • Theros (Θέρος), summer
    • Pthinoporon (Φθινόπωρον), autumn
    • Cheimon (Χειμών), winter
• Korybantes(Κορύβαντες), the crested dancers who worshipped Cybele
  • Damneus (Δαμνεύς) "the one who tames(?)"
  • Idaios (Ιδαίος) "of Mount Ida"
  • Kyrbas (Κύρβας), whose name is probably a variant of Korybas, singular for "Korybantes"
  • Okythoos (Ωκύθοος) "the one running swiftly"
  • Prymneus (Πρυμνεύς) "of lower areas(?)"
  • Pyrrhichos(Πυρῥιχος), god of the rustic dance
• Maenades(μαινάδες), crazed nymphs in the retinue of Dionysus
  • Methe (Μέθη), nymph of drunkenness
• Meliae(Μελίαι), nymphs of honey and the ash tree
• Naiades(Ναιάδες), fresh water nymphs
  • Daphne(Δάφνη)
  • Metope(Μετώπη)
  • Minthe
• The Nymphai Hyperboreioi (Νύμφαι Υπερβόρειοι), who presided over aspects of archery
  • Hekaerge (Εκαέργη), represented distancing
  • Loxo (Λοξώ), represented trajectory
  • Oupis (Ουπις), represented aim
• Oreades(Ὀρεάδες), mountain nymphs
  • Adrasteia(Αδράστεια), a nursemaid of the infant Zeus
  • Echo (Ηχώ), a nymph cursed never to speak except to repeat the words of others
• Oceanides(Ωκεανίδες), fresh water nymphs
  • Beroe(Βερόη), a nymph of Beirut, the daughter of Aphrodite and Adonis, who was wooed by both Dionysus and Poseidon
  • Calypso(Καλυψώ)
  • Clytie(Κλυτίη)
  • Eidyia(Ειδυια), the youngest of the Oceanides
  • for the complete list, see List of Oceanids
• The Ourea(Ούρος), primeval gods of mountains
• The Palici(Παλικοί), a pair of rustic gods who presided over the geysers and thermal springs in Sicily
• Pan (Πάν), god of shepherds, pastures, and fertility
• Potamoi, river gods
  • Achelous(Αχέλους)
  • Acis(Άκις)
  • Acheron(Αχέρων)
  • Alpheus(Αλφειός)
  • Asopus(Ασωπός)
  • Cladeus(Κλάδεος)
  • Eurotas(Ευρώτας)
  • Cocytus(Kωκυτός)
  • Lethe(λήθη)
  • Peneus(Πηνειός)
  • Phlegethon(Φλεγέθων))
  • Styx(Στύξ)
  • Scamander(Σκάμανδρος)
• Priapus(Πρίαπος), god of garden fertility
• Rhea (Ῥέα), the great mother and queen of the mountain wilds
• Satyrs(Σάτυροι), rustic fertility spirits
  • Krotos(Κρότος), a great hunter and musician who kept the company of the Muses on Mount Helicon
• Silenus(Σειληνός), an old rustic god of the dance of the wine-press
• Telete(Τελέτη), goddess of initiation into the Bacchic orgies
• Zagreus(Ζαγρεύς), in the Orphic mysteries, the first incarnation of Dionysus

• Adonis(Άδωνις), a life-death-rebirth deity
• Aphaea(Αφαία), minor goddess of agriculture and fertility
• Carme(Κάρμη), a Cretan spirit who presided over the harvest festival
• Carmanor(Καρμάνωρ), a Cretan harvest god
• Chrysothemis(Χρυσόθεμις), goddess of the "Golden Custom", a harvest festival, daughter of Demeter and Carmanor
• Cyamites(Κυαμίτης), demi-god of the bean
• Demeter(Δημήτηρ), goddess of fertility, agriculture, grain and harvest
• Despoina, daughter of Poseidon and Demeter, goddess of mysteries in Arcadia
• Dionysus(Διόνυσος), god of viticulture and wine
• Eunostus(Εύνοστος), goddess of the flour mill
• Hestia(Ἑστία), maiden goddess of the hearth who presided over the baking of bread, mankind's stable food
• Persephone(Περσεφόνη), queen of the underworld, wife of Hades and goddess of spring growth
• Philomelus(Φιλόμελος), agricultural demi-god inventor of the wagon and the plough
• Plutus(Πλοῦτος), god of wealth, including agricultural wealth, son of Demeter

• Achilles(Ἀχιλλεύς), hero of the Trojan War
• Aiakos(Αἰακός), a king of Aegina, appointed as a Judge of the Dead in the Underworld after his death
• Aeolus(Aiolos) (Αἴολος), a king of Thessaly, made the immortal king of the winds by Zeus
• Amphiaraus(Ἀμφιάραος), a hero of the war of the Seven Against Thebe who became an oracular spirit of the Underworld after his death
• Ariadne(Αριάδνη), a Cretan princess who became the immortal wife of Dionysus
• Aristaeus(Ἀρισταῖος), a Thessalian hero, his inventions saw him immortalised as the god of bee-keeping, cheese-making, herding, olive-growing and hunting
• Asclepius(Ἀσκληπιός), a Thessalian physician who was struck down by Zeus, to be later recovered by his father Apollo
• Attis(Ἄττις), a consort of Cybele, granted immortality as one of her attendants
• Bolina(Βολίνα), a mortal woman transformed into an immortal nymph by Apollo
• The Dioscuri(Διόσκουροι), divine twins
  • Castor(Κάστωρ)
  • Polydeuces(Πολυδεύκης)
• Endymion(Ἐνδυμίων), lover of Selene, granted eternal sleep so as never to age or die
• Ganymede(Γανυμήδης), a handsome Trojan prince, abducted by Zeus and made cup-bearer of the gods
• Glaucus(Γλαῦκος), the fisherman's sea god, made immortal after eating a magical herb
• Hemithea(Ἡμιθέα) and Parthenos(Παρθένος), princesses of the Island of Naxos who leapt into the sea to escape their father's wrath; Apollo transformed them into demi-goddesses
• Heracles(Ἡρακλῆς), ascended hero
• Lampsace(Λαμψάκη), a semi-historical Bebrycian princess honored as goddess for her assistance to the Greeks
• Minos(Μίνως), a king of Crete, appointed as a Judge of the Dead in the Underworld after his death
• Ino (Ἰνώ), a Theban princess who became the sea goddess Leucothea
• The Leucippides (Λευκιππίδες), wives of the Dioscuri
  • Phoebe(Φοίβη), wife of Pollux
  • Hilaeira(Ἱλάειρα), wife of Castor
• Orithyia(Ὠρείθυια), an Athenian princess abducted by Boreas and made the goddess of cold, gusty mountain winds
• Palaemon(Παλαίμων), a Theban prince, made into a sea god along with his mother, Ino
• Phylonoe(Φυλονόη), daughter of Tyndareus and Leda, made immortal by Artemis
• Psyche(Ψυχή), goddess of the soul

• Aceso(Ἀκεσώ), goddess of the healing of wounds and the curing of illnesses
• Aegle(Αἴγλη), goddess of radiant good health
• Asclepius(Ασκληπιός), god of healing
• Epione(Ἠπιόνη), goddess of the soothing of pain
• Hygieia(Υγεία), goddess of cleanliness and good health
• Iaso (Ἰασώ), goddess of cures, remedies and modes of healing
• Paeon (Παιάν, Παιήων, or Παιών), physician of the Olympian gods
• Panacea(Πανάκεια), goddess of healing
• Telesphorus(Τελεσφόρος), demi-god of convalescence, who "brought to fulfillment" recuperation from illness or injury

• Acratopotes(Ἀκρατοπότης), god of unmixed wine and incontinence
• Adrastea(Αδράστεια), a daughter of Ares and Aphrodite, or an epithet of Nemesis
• Agdistis(Ἄγδιστις), Phrygian hermaphroditic deity
• Alexiares and Anicetus (Αλεξιαρης and Ανικητος), twin sons of Heracles who presided over the defence of fortified towns and citadels
• Aphroditus(Ἀφρόδιτος), Cyprian hermaphroditic Aphrodite
• Astraea(Αστραία), virgin goddess of justice
• Auxesia(Αυξησία) and Damia(Δαμία), two local fertility goddesses
• Charites(Χάριτες), goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity and fertility
  • Aglaea(Αγλαΐα), goddess of beauty, adornment, splendor and glory
  • Euphrosyne(Εὐφροσύνη), goddess of good cheer, joy, mirth and merriment
  • Thalia(Θάλεια), goddess of festive celebrations and rich and luxurious banquets
  • Hegemone(Ηγεμόνη) "mastery"
  • Antheia(Άνθεια), goddess of flowers and flowery wreaths
  • Pasithea(Πασιθέα), goddess of rest and relaxation
  • Cleta (Κλήτα) "the glorious"
  • Phaenna (Φαέννα) "the shining"
  • Eudaimonia (Ευδαιμονία) "happiness"
  • Euthymia (Ευθυμία) "good mood"
  • Calleis (Καλλείς) "beauty"
  • Paidia (Παιδία) "play, amusement"
  • Pandaisia (Πανδαισία) "banquet for everyone"
  • Pannychis (Παννυχίς) "all-night (festivity)"
• Ceraon(Κεραων), demi-god of the meal, specifically the mixing of wine
• Chrysus(Χρύσος), spirit of gold
• Circe(Κίρκη), goddess-witch of Aeaea
• Daemones Ceramici (Δαίμονες Κεραμικοί), five malevolent spirits who plagued the craftsman potter
  • Syntribos (Σύντριβος), the shatterer
  • Smaragos (Σμάραγος), the smasher
  • Asbetos (Ασβετος), the charrer
  • Sabaktes (Σαβάκτης), the destroyer
  • Omodamos (Ομόδαμος), crudebake
• Deipneus(Δειπνεύς), demi-god of the preparation of meals, specifically the making of bread
• Eiresione(Ειρεσιώνη), personification of the olive branch
• Eileithyia(Εἰλείθυια), goddess of childbirth
• Enyalius(Ενυάλιος), minor god of war
• Enyo (Ἐνυώ), goddess of destructive war
• Harpocrates(Ηαρποκρατης), god of silence
• Hermaphroditus(Ἑρμάφρόδιτός), god of hermaphroditesand effeminate men
• Hymenaios(Ὑμέναιος), god of marriage and marriage feasts
• Ichnaea(Ιχναία), goddess of tracking
• Iynx (Ιύνξ), goddess of the love charm
• Matton(Μάττων), demi-god of the meal, specifically the kneading of dough
• Muses(Μούσαι), goddesses of music, song and dance, and the source of inspiration to poets
  • Titan Muses, daughters of Gaia and Uranus
    • Aoide(Ἀοιδή), muse of song
    • Arche(Αρχή), muse of origins
    • Melete(Μελέτη), muse of meditation and practice
    • Mneme(Μνήμη), muse of memory
    • Thelxinoe(Θελξινόη), muse "charmer of minds"
  • Olympian Muses, daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne
    • Calliope(Καλλιόπη), muse of epic poetry
    • Clio (Κλειώ), muse of history
    • Erato(Ερατώ), muse of erotic poetry
    • Euterpe(Ευτέρπη), muse of lyric poetry
    • Melpomene(Μελπομένη), muse of tragedy
    • Polyhymnia(Πολυμνία) or (Πολύμνια), muse of sacred poetry
    • Terpsichore(Τερψιχόρη), muse of dance and choral poetry
    • Thalia(Θάλεια), muse of comedy and bucolic poetry
    • Urania(Ουρανία), muse of astronomy
  • Younger Muses, daughters of Apollo
    • Cephisso(Κεφισσώ)
    • Apollonis(Απολλωνίς)
    • Borysthenis(Βορυσθενίς)
    • Hypate(Υπάτη) "the upper (chord of the lyre)"
    • Mese (Μέση) "the middle (chord of the lyre)"
    • Nete (Νήτη) "the lower (chord of the lyre)"
  • Polymatheia(Πολυμάθεια), muse of knowledge
• Palaestra(Παλαίστρα), goddess of wrestling
• Rhapso(Ραψώ), minor goddess or nymph whose name apparently refers to sewing

• Abderus, aided Heracles during his eighth labour and was killed by the Mares of Diomedes
• Achilles(Αχιλλεύς or Αχιλλέας), hero of the Trojan Warand a central character in Homer's Iliad
• Aeneas(Αινείας), a hero of the Trojan War and progenitor of the Roman people
• Ajax the Great (Αίας ο Μέγας), a hero of the Trojan War and king of Salamis
• Ajax the Lesser (Αίας ο Μικρός), a hero of the Trojan War and leader of the Locrianarmy
• Amphitryon(Αμφιτρύων), Theban general who rescued Thebes from the Teumessian Fox; his wife was Alcmene, mother of Heracles
• Bellerophon, hero who slew the Chimera
• Castor, the mortal Dioscuri twin; after Castor's death, his immortal brother Pollux shared his divinity with him in order that they might remain together
• Chrysippus, a divine hero of Elis
• Daedalus, creator of the labyrinth and great inventor, until King Minos trapped him in his own creation.
• Diomedes, a king of Argos and hero of the Trojan War
• Eleusis, eponymous hero of the town of Eleusis
• Eunostus, a Boeotian hero
• Ganymede, Trojan hero and lover of Zeus, who was given immortality and appointed cup-bearer to the gods
• Hector, hero of the Trojan War and champion of the Trojan people
• Iolaus, nephew of Heracles who aided his uncle in one of his Labors
• Jason, leader of the Argonauts
• Meleager, a hero who sailed with the Argonauts and killed the Calydonian Boar
• Odysseus, a hero and king of Ithaca whose adventures are the subject of Homer's Odyssey; he also played a key role during the Trojan War
• Orpheus, a legendary musician and poet who attempted to retrieve his dead wife from the Underworld
• Perseus(Περσεύς), son of Zeus and the founder-king of Mycenae and slayer of the Gorgon Medusa
• Theseus, son of Poseidon and a king of Athens and slayer of the Minotaur

• Alcestis(Άλκηστις), daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetus, who was known for her devotion to her husband
• Amymone, the one daughter of Danaus who refused to murder her husband, thus escaping her sisters' punishment
• Andromache(Ανδρομάχη), wife of Hector
• Andromeda(Ανδρομέδα), wife of Perseus, who was placed among the constellations after her death
• Antigone(Αντιγόνη), daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta
• Arachne(Αράχνη), a skilled weaver, transformed by Athena into a spider for her blasphemy
• Ariadne(Αριάδνη), daughter of Minos, king of Crete, who aided Theseus in overcoming the Minotaur and became the wife of Dionysus
• Atalanta(Αταλάντη), fleet-footed heroine who participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt
• Briseis, a princess of Lyrnessus, taken by Achilles as a war prize
• Caeneus, formerly Caenis, a woman who was transformed into a man and became a mighty warrior
• Cassandra, a princess of Troy cursed to see the future but never to be believed
• Clytemnestra, sister of Helen and unfaithful wife of Agamemnon
• Danaë, the mother of Perseus by Zeus
• Deianeira, the third wife and unwitting killer of Heracles
• Electra, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, she aided her brother Orestes in plotting revenge against their mother for the murder of their father
• Europa, a Phoenician woman, abducted by Zeus
• Hecuba(Ἑκάβη), wife of Priam, king of Troy, and mother of nineteen of his children
• Helen, daughter of Zeus and Leda, whose abduction brought about the Trojan War
• Hermione(Ἑρμιόνη), daughter of Menelaus and Helen; wife of Neoptolemus, and later Orestes
• Iphigenia, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; Agamemnon sacrificed her to Artemis in order to appease the goddess
• Ismene, sister of Antigone
• Jocasta, mother and wife of Oedipus
• Medea, a sorceress and wife of Jason, who killed her own children to punish Jason for his infidelity
• Medusa, a mortal woman transformed into a hideous gorgon by Athena
• Niobe, a daughter of Tantalus who declared herself to be superior to Leto, causing Artemis and Apollo to kill her fourteen children
• Pandora, the first woman
• Penelope, loyal wife of Odysseus
• Phaedra, daughter of Minos and wife of Theseus
• Polyxena, the youngest daughter of Priam, sacrificed to the ghost of Achilles
• Semele, mortal mother of Dionysus

• Abas, a king of Argos
• Acastus, a king of Iolcus who sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt
• Acrisius, a king of Argos
• Actaeus, first king of Attica
• Admetus(Άδμητος), a king of Pherae who sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt
• Adrastus(Άδραστος), a king of Argos and one of the Seven Against Thebes
• Aeacus(Αιακός), a king of the island of Aegina in the Saronic Gulf; after he died, he became one of the three judges of the dead in the Underworld
• Aeëtes, a king of Colchis and father of Medea
• Aegeus(Αιγεύς), a king of Athens and father of Theseus
• Aegimius, a king of Thessaly and progenitor of the Dorians
• Aegisthus(Αίγισθος), lover of Clytemnestra, with whom he plotted to murder Agamemnon and seized the kingship of Mycenae
• Aegyptus(Αίγυπτος), a king of Egypt
• Aeson, father of Jason and rightful king of Iolcus, whose throne was usurped by his half-brother Pelias
• Aëthlius, first king of Elis
• Aetolus(Αιτωλός), a king of Elis
• Agamemnon(Ἀγαμέμνων), a king of Mycenae and commander of the Greek armies during the Trojan War
• Agasthenes, a king of Elis
• Agenor(Αγήνωρ), a king of Phoenicia
• Alcinous(Αλκίνους or Ἀλκίνοος), a king of Phaeacia
• Alcmaeon, a king of Argos and one of the Epigoni
• Aleus, a king of Tegea
• Amphiaraus(Ἀμφιάραος), a seer and king of Argos who participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt and the war of the Seven Against Thebes
• Amphictyon(Ἀμφικτύων), a king of Athens
• Amphion and Zethus, twin sons of Zeus and kings of Thebes, who constructed the city's walls
• Amycus, son of Poseidon and king of the Bebryces
• Anaxagoras(Ἀναξαγόρας), a king of Argos
• Anchises(Αγχίσης), a king of Dardania and father of Aeneas
• Arcesius, a king of Ithaca and father of Laertes
• Argeus, a king of Argos
• Argus, a son of Zeus and king of Argos after Phoroneus
• Assaracus, a king of Dardania
• Asterion, a king of Crete
• Athamas(Ἀθάμας), a king of Orchomenus
• Atreus(Ἀτρεύς), a king of Mycenae and father of Agamemnon and Menelaus
• Augeas(Αυγείας), a king of Elis
• Autesion, a king of Thebes
• Bias, a king of Argos
• Busiris, a king of Egypt
• Cadmus, founder-king of Thebes
• Car, a king of Megara
• Catreus, a king of Crete, prophesied to die at the hands of his own son
• Cecrops, an autochthonous king of Athens
• Ceisus, a king of Argos
• Celeus, a king of Eleusis
• Cephalus, a king of Phocis who accidentally killed his own wife
• Cepheus, a king of Ethiopia
• Cepheus, a king of Tegeaand an Argonaut
• Charnabon, a king of the Getae
• Cinyras, a king of Cyprus and father of Adonis
• Codrus, a king of Athens
• Corinthus, founder-king of Corinth
• Cranaus, a king of Athens
• Creon, a king of Thebes, brother of Laius and uncle of Oedipus
• Creon, a king of Corinth who was hospitable towards Jason and Medea
• Cres, an early Cretan king
• Cresphontes, a king of Messene and descendent of Heracles
• Cretheus, founder-king of Iolcus
• Criasus, a king of Argos
• Cylarabes, a king of Argos
• Cynortas, a king of Sparta
• Cyzicus, king of the Dolionians, mistakenly killed by the Argonauts
• Danaus, a king of Egypt and father of the Danaides
• Dardanus, founder-king of Dardania, and son of Zeus and Electra
• Deiphontes, a king of Argos
• Demophon of Athens, a king of Athens
• Diomedes, a king of Argos and hero of the Trojan War
• Echemus, a king of Arcadia
• Echetus, a king of Epirus
• Eetion, a king of Cilician Thebe and father of Andromache
• Electryon, a king of Tiryns and Mycenae; son of Perseus and Andromeda
• Elephenor, a king of the Abantes of Euboea
• Eleusis, eponym and king of Eleusis, Attica
• Epaphus, a king of Egypt and founder of Memphis
• Epopeus, a king of Sicyon
• Erechtheus, a king of Athens
• Erginus, a king of Minyean Orchomenus in Boeotia
• Erichthonius, a king of Athens, born of Hephaestus' attempt to rape Athena
• Eteocles, a king of Thebes and son of Oedipus; he and his brother Polynices killed each other
• Eteocles, son of Andreus, a king of Orchomenus
• Eurotas, a king of Sparta
• Eurystheus, a king of Tiryns
• Euxantius, a king of Ceos, son of Minos and Dexithea
• Gelanor, a king of Argos
• Haemus, a king of Thrace
• Helenus, seer and twin brother of Cassandra, who later became king of Epirus
• Hippothoön, a king of Eleusis
• Hyrieus, a king of Boeotia
• Ilus, founder-king of Troy
• Ixion, a king of the Lapiths who attempted to rape Hera and was bound to a flaming wheel in Tartarus
• Laërtes, father of Odysseus and king of the Cephallenians; he sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt
• Laomedon, a king of Troy and father of Priam
• Lycaon of Arcadia, a deceitful Arcadian king who was transformed by Zeus into a wolf
• Lycurgus of Arcadia, a king of Arcadia
• Lycurgus of Nemea, a king of Nemea
• Makedon, a king of Macedon
• Megareus of Onchestus, a king of Onchestus in Boeotia
• Megareus of Thebes, a king of Thebes
• Melampus, a legendary soothsayer and healer, and king of Argos
• Melanthus, a king of Messenia
• Memnon, a king of Ethiopia who fought on the side of Troy during the Trojan War
• Menelaus, a king of Sparta and the husband of Helen
• Menestheus, a king of Athens who fought on the side of the Greeks during the Trojan War
• Midas, a king of Phrygia granted the power to turn anything to gold with a touch
• Minos, a king of Crete; after his death, became one of the judges of the dead in the Underworld
• Myles, a king of Laconia
• Nestor, a king of Pylos who sailed with the Argonauts, participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt and fought with the Greek armies in the Trojan War
• Nycteus, a king of Thebes
• Odysseus, a hero and king of Ithaca whose adventures are the subject of Homer's Odyssey; he also played a key role during the Trojan War
• Oebalus, a king of Sparta
• Oedipus, a king of Thebes fated to kill his father and marry his mother
• Oeneus, a king of Calydon
• Oenomaus, a king of Pisa
• Oenopion, a king of Chios
• Ogygus, a king of Thebes
• Oicles, a king of Argos
• Oileus, a king of Locris
• Orestes, a king of Argos and a son of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon; he killed his mother in revenge for her murder of his father
• Oxyntes, a king of Athens
• Pandion I, a king of Athens
• Pandion II, a king of Athens
• Peleus, king of the Myrmidons and father of Achilles; he sailed the with Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt
• Pelias, a king of Iolcus and usurper of Aeson's rightful throne
• Pelops, a king of Pisa and founder of the House of Atreus
• Pentheus, a king of Thebes who banned the worship of Dionysus and was torn apart by Maenads
• Perseus(Περσεύς), founder-king of Mycenae and slayer of the Gorgon Medusa
• Phineus, a king of Thrace
• Phlegyas, a king of the Lapiths
• Phoenix, son of Agenor, founder-king of Phoenicia
• Phoroneus, a king of Argos
• Phyleus, a king of Elis
• Pirithoös, king of the Lapiths and husband of Hippodamia, at whose wedding the Battle of Lapiths and Centaurs occurred
• Pittheus, a king of Troezen and grandfather of Theseus
• Polybus of Corinth, a king of Corinth
• Polybus of Sicyon, a king of Sicyon and son of Hermes
• Polybus of Thebes, a king of Thebes
• Polynices, a king of Thebes and son of Oedipus; he and his brother Eteocles killed each other
• Priam, king of Troy during the Trojan War
• Proetus, a king of Argos and Tiryns
• Pylades, a king of Phocis and friend of Orestes
• Rhadamanthys, a king of Crete; after his death, he became a judge of the dead in the Underworld
• Rhesus, a king of Thrace who sided with Troy in the Trojan War
• Sarpedon, a king of Lycia and son of Zeus who fought on the side of the Greeks during the Trojan War
• Sisyphus, a king of Thessaly who attempted to cheat death and was sentenced to an eternity of rolling a boulder up a hill, only to watch it roll back down
• Sithon, a king of Thrace
• Talaus, a king of Argos who sailed with the Argonauts
• Tegyrios, a king of Thrace
• Telamon, a king of Salamis and father of Ajax; he sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt
• Telephus, a king of Mysiaand son of Heracles
• Temenus, a king of Argos and descendent of Heracles
• Teucer, founder-king of Salamis who fought alongside the Greeks in the Trojan War
• Teutamides, a king of Larissa
• Teuthras, a king of Mysia
• Thersander, a king of Thebes and one of the Epigoni
• Theseus, a king of Athens and slayer of the Minotaur
• Thyestes, a king of Mycenae and brother of Atreus
• Tisamenus, a king of Argos, Mycenae and Sparta
• Tyndareus, a king of Sparta

• Amphilochus(Αμφίλοχος), a seer and brother of Alcmaeon who died in the war of the Seven Against Thebes
• Anius, son of Apollo who prophesied that the Trojan War would be won in its tenth year
• Branchus, a seer and son of Apollo
• Calchas, an Argive seer who aided the Greeks during the Trojan War
• Carnus, an Acarnanianseer and lover of Apollo
• Carya, a seer and lover of Dionysus
• Cassandra, a princess of Troy cursed to see the future but never to be believed
• Ennomus, a Mysian seer, killed by Achilles during the Trojan War
• Halitherses, an Ithacan seer who warned Penelope's suitors of Odysseus' return
• Helenus, seer and twin brother of Cassandra, who later became king of Epirus
• Iamus, a son of Apollo possessing the gift of prophecy, he founded the Iamidai
• Idmon, a seer who sailed with the Argonauts
• Manto, seer and daughter of Tiresias
• Melampus, a legendary soothsayer and healer, and king of Argos
• Mopsus, the name of two legendary seers
• Polyeidos, a Corinthian seer who saved the life of Glaucus
• Telemus, a seer who foresaw that the Cyclops Polyphemus would be blinded by Odysseus
• Theoclymenus, an Argive seer
• Tiresias, blind prophet of Thebes

• Aegea, a queen of the Amazons
• Aella(Ἄελλα), an Amazon who was killed by Heracles
• Alcibie(Ἀλκιβίη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Diomedes at Troy
• Antandre(Ἀντάνδρη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Achilles at Troy
• Antiope(Ἀντιόπη), a daughter of Ares and sister of Hippolyta
• Areto(Ἀρετώ), an Amazon
• Asteria(Ἀστερία), an Amazon who was killed by Heracles
• Bremusa(Βρέμουσα), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Idomeneus at Troy
• Celaeno(Κελαινώ), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Heracles
• Eurypyle(Εὐρυπύλη), an Amazon leader who invaded Ninus and Babylonia
• Hippolyta(Ἱππολύτη), a daughter of Ares and queen of the Amazons
• Hippothoe(Ἱπποθόη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Achilles at Troy
• Iphito(Ἰφιτώ), an Amazon who served under Hippolyta
• Lampedo(Λαμπεδώ), an Amazon queen who ruled with her sister Marpesia
• Marpesia(Μαρπεσία), an Amazon queen who ruled with her sister Lampedo
• Melanippe(Μελανίππη), a daughter of Ares and sister of Hippolyta and Antiope
• Molpadia(Μολπαδία), an Amazon who killed Antiope
• Myrina(Μύρινα), a queen of the Amazons
• Orithyia(Ὠρείθυια), an Amazon queen
• Otrera(Ὀτρήρα), a queen of the Amazons, consort of Ares and mother of Hippolyta
• Pantariste(Πανταρίστη), an Amazon who fought with Hippolyta against Heracles
• Penthesilea(Πενθεσίλεια), a queen of the Amazons who fought in the Trojan War on the side of Troy

• The Daiaides, forty-nine daughters of Danaus who murdered their husbands and were condemned to an eternity of carrying water in leaky jugs
• Ixion, a king of the Lapiths who attempted to rape Hera and was bound to a flaming wheel in Tartarus
• Sisyphus, a king of Thessaly who attempted to cheat death and was sentenced to an eternity of rolling a boulder up a hill, only to watch it roll back down
• Tantalus, a king of Anatolia who butchered his son Pelops and served him as a meal to the gods; he was punished with the torment of starvation, food and drink eternally dangling just out of reach

• Abas, the name of several mythological figures
• Abia, nursemaid of Glenus, a son of Heracles
• Abrota, wife of Nisos, king of Megara
• Acacallis, daughter of Minos, king of Crete
• Acallaris, daughter of Eumedes
• Acamas, son of Antenor (Ἀκάμας), a son of Antenor who fought in the Trojan war on the side of Troy
• Acamas, son of Theseus (Ἀκάμας), a son of Theseus who fought with the Greeks during the Trojan War
• Acarnan(Ἀκαρνάν), a son of Alcmaeon and Callirrhoe
• Achaeus(Ἀχαιός), progenitor of the Achaeans
• Acoetes, a priest of Dionysus
• Acraepheus, a son of Apollo
• Actaeon, a hunter transformed into a stag by Artemis and devoured by his own hounds
• Actor(Άκτωρ), the name of several mythological figures
• Aegiale(Αἰγιαλεία), unfaithful wife of Diomedes
• Aegialeus, the name of several mythological figures
• Aepytus, the name of several mythological figures
• Aëdon, daughter of Pandareus, changed into a nightingale
• Aërope, the name of several mythological figures
• Aesacus, a son of Priam who was transformed into a bird
• Aethalides, herald of the Argonauts
• Aethilla, sister of Priam, king of Troy
• Aethra(Αἴθρα), mother of Theseus
• Aetolus, a son of Endymion, eponym of Aetolia
• Agamede, the name of several mythological figures
• Agamedes, a famed architect
• Agapenor, leader of the Arcadians during the Trojan War
• Agastrophus, a Paeonian ally of the Trojans
• Agave, mother of Cadmus and worshipper of Dionysus
• Agelaus(Ageláos), the name of several mythological figures
• Aglaea(Αγλαΐα), the name of several mythological figures
• Aglaulus, the name of several mythological figures
• Agrius, the name of several mythological figures
• Agron, a son of Eumelus who was transformed into a plover for disrespecting Hermes, Athena and Artemis
• Alcaeus(Ἀλκαίος), the name of several mythological figures
• Alcathous, the name of several mythological figures
• Alcidice, wife of Salmoneus, king of Elis
• Alcimache, the name of several mythological figures
• Alcimede, wife of Aeson and mother of Jason
• Alcimedon, the name of several mythological figures
• Alcimus, the name of several mythological figures
• Alcinoe, the name of several mythological figures
• Alcmene(Ἀλκμήνη), mother of Heracles
• Alcyone(Ἀλκυών or Ἀλκυόνη), daughter of Aeolus and wife of Ceyx
• Almus, one of the sons of Sisyphus
• Aloeus, the name of several mythological figures
• Alope, a woman seduced by Poseidon in the form of a kingfisher
• Alphesiboea, the name of several mythological figures
• Althaea(Ἀλθαία), mother of Meleager
• Althaemenes, son of Catreus, king of Crete; it was prophesied he would be killed by his own son
• Amarynceus, a chief of the Eleans
• Amethystos, a maiden that was changed into amethyst
• Amphidamas(Ἀμφιδάμας), the name of several mythological figures
• Amphimachus(Ἀμφίμαχος), the name of several mythological figures
• Amphinome, the name of several mythological figures
• Amphinomus(Ἀμφίνομος), a son of Nisos and one of Penelope's suitors during the Odyssey
• Amphion, the name of several mythological figures
• Amphithea(Ἀμφιθέα), the name of several mythological figures
• Amyclas(Ἀμύκλας), the name of several mythological figures
• Amyntor(Ἀμύντωρ), the name of several mythological figures
• Amythaon, a son of Cretheus, father of Melampus and Bias
• Anaxarete, a Cypriot maiden turned to stone by Aphrodite for refusing her suitor's advances
• Anaxibia, the name of several mythological figures
• Anaxo, mother of Alcmene
• Ancaeus, the name of two separate Argonauts, each of whom was killed by a boar
• Anchialus(Ἀγχίαλος), the name of several mythological figures
• Andraemon, the name of several mythological figures
• Andreus, son of the river-god Peneus
• Androgeus, a son of Minos, king of Crete
• Antenor(Ἀντήνωρ), a counsellor of Priam
• Anticlus, one of the Greek warriors who hid inside the Trojan Horse
• Anticlea, mother of Odysseus
• Antilochus(Ἀντίλοχος), a son of Nestor who participated in the Trojan War
• Antimachus(Αντίμαχος), the name of several mythological figures
• Antinoe, the name of several mythological figures
• Antinous, one of the most prominent and disrespectful suitors of Penelope during the Odyssey
• Antion, father of Ixion
• Antiphates, the name of several mythological figures
• Antiphus, the name of several mythological figures
• Apemosyne, a daughter of Catreus who was raped by Hermes
• Aphareus, founder of the city Arene in Messenia
• Apheidas, the name of several mythological figures
• Apis, the name of several mythological figures
• Apsyrtus, a son of Aeëtes, murdered by his sister Medea
• Arcas(Αρκάς), son of Zeus and Callisto
• Arceophon, a Phoenician man who committed suicide after being spurned by his beloved
• Arcesilaus, one of the Greek leaders in the Trojan War
• Areithous, the name of several mythological figures
• Aretaon, the name of several mythological figures
• Arete, wife of Alcinous
• Arganthone, famed huntress and lover of Rhesus
• Arge, the name of several mythological figures
• Argea, daughter of Adrastus and wife of Polynices
• Argia, the name of several mythological characters
• Argynnus, beloved of Agamemnon
• Aristodemus(Ἀριστόδημος), a descendent of Heracles who helped lead the Dorian Invasion
• Aristomachus(Ἀριστόμαχος), the name of several mythological figures
• Asius, the name of two people who fought during the Trojan War
• Aspalis, a maiden of Melite, Phthia associated with a local cult of Artemis
• Asterodia, the name of several mythological figures
• Asteropaios, a Paeonian ally of the Trojans
• Asterope, the name of several mythological figures
• Astyanassa, Helen of Troy's maid
• Astyanax(Ἀστυάναξ), infant son of Hector and Andromache, killed during the Sack of Troy
• Astydameia(Ἀστυδάμεια), the name of several mythological figures
• Astynome, the name of several mythological figures
• Astyoche, the name of several mythological figures
• Astypalaea(Ἀστυπάλαια), a lover of Poseidon
• Atrax, founder of Atracia in Thessaly
• Atymnius, the name of several mythological figures
• Auge, mother of the hero Telephus
• Autochthe, a daughter of Perseus and Andromeda who married Aegeus
• Autolycus, a son of Hermes
• Automedon(Αυτομέδων), Achilles' charioteer
• Autonoë, daughter of Cadmus and mother of Actaeon
• Autonous, man transformed by the gods into a Stone Curlew
• Axylus, a participant in the Trojan War who fought on the side of Troy
• Batea, wife of Dardanus and mother of Ilus
• Baubo, an old woman who jested with Demeter while the goddess was mourning the loss of Persephone
• Baucis, a virtuous old woman whose hospitality the gods rewarded
• Bianna, a Cretan woman who migrated to Gaul and disappeared in a chasm of the earth
• Bienor, the name of several mythological figures
• Biston, a son of Ares and eponym of Bistonia in Thrace
• Bormus, a Mariandynian youth abducted by nymphs
• Borus, the name of several mythological figures
• Botres, a son of Eumelus, transformed into a bee-eater
• Budeia, a Boeotian princess who led an army against Thebes
• Briseus, father of Briseis
• Broteas, a son of Tantalus
• Bucolion, illegitimate son of the Trojan king Laomedon and half-brother of Priam
• Buphagus, a son of Iapetus
• Bura, a daughter of Ion
• Butes, the name of several mythological figures
• Byblis, a woman who fell in love with her twin brother
• Calesius, Axylus' charioteer
• Caletor, the name of two men involved in the Trojan War
• Callidice, queen of Thesprotiaand wife of Odysseus
• Callithyia, the first priestess of Hera
• Calyce, the name of several mythological figures
• Calydon, eponym of Calydon, Aetolia
• Canace, a daughter of Aeolus and lover of Poseidon
• Canethus, the name of several mythological figures
• Canthus, the name of several mythological figures
• Capaneus, an arrogant warrior who was struck down by Zeus
• Capys, the name of several mythological figures
• Carius, a son of Zeus believed to have learned music from nymphs
• Carystus, son of Chiron
• Cassiopeia, a vain Ethiopian queen, punished by Poseidon for her hubris
• Caucon, the name of several mythological figures
• Caunus, a son of Miletus who fled from his twin sister's incestuous advances
• Cebriones, an illegitimate son of Priam
• Celtine, a Celtic princess and lover of Heracles
• Cerambus, a talented yet arrogant singer who was transformed into a beetle
• Cerdo, wife of Phoroneus
• Cestrinus, son of Helenus and Andromache
• Ceyx, husband of Alcyone
• Chaeresilaus, son of Iasius
• Chalciope, the name of several mythological figures
• Chalcodon, the name of several mythological figures
• Charops, the name of several mythological figures
• Chelone, changed into a tortoise by Hermes
• Chione, daughter of Arcturus, a lover of Boreas
• Chione, daughter of Callirrhoe, a woman transformed by Hermes into a snow cloud
• Chione, daughter of Daedalion, mother of Philammon and Autolycus by Apollo and Hermes respectively
• Chloris, the name of several mythological figures
• Chromia, daughter of Itonus
• Chrysanthis, a woman who told Demeter of the abduction of Persephone
• Chryseis, a woman enslaved as a war prize by Agamemnon, who was later forced to return her
• Chryses, a priest of Apollo and father of Chryseis
• Chrysippe, the name of several mythological figures
• Chrysothemis, the name of several mythological figures
• Chthonia, the name of several mythological figures
• Chthonius, the name of several mythological figures
• Chthonophyle, a daughter of Sicyon and wife of Phlias
• Cilix, founder of Cilicia
• Cilla, the name of several mythological figures
• Cleite, the name of several mythological figures
• Cleitus, the name of several mythological figures
• Cleoboea, the name of several mythological figures
• Cleobule, the name of several mythological figures
• Cleodaeus, a grandson of Heracles
• Cleopatra, wife of Meleager
• Clinis, a Babylonian man, transformed into a bird
• Clonius, the name of several mythological figures
• Clymenus, the name of several mythological figures
• Clytie, the name of several mythological figures
• Clytius, the name of several mythological figures
• Clytodora, the name of several mythological figures
• Clytus, the name of several mythological figures
• Coeranus, the name of several mythological figures
• Comaetho, the name of several mythological figures
• Coön, a son of Antenor who fell against Agamemnon
• Copreus, herald of Eurystheus
• Coresus, the name of several mythological figures
• Coronis, the name of several mythological figures
• Cragaleus, a man transformed into stone by Apollo
• Crete, the name of several mythological figures
• Creusa, the name of several mythological figures
• Crino, the name of several mythological figures
• Crisus, founder of the town of Crissa
• Ctesippus, the name of several mythological figures
• Ctesylla, a maiden of Ioulis
• Ctimene, younger sister of Odysseus
• Cyanippus, the name of several mythological figures
• Cychreus, son of Poseidon and Salamis
• Cycnus, the name of several mythological figures, most of whom were transformed into swans
• Cydippe, the name of several mythological figures
• Cydon, the name of several mythological figures
• Cynurus, a son of Perseus
• Cyparissus, a boy beloved by Apollo and transformed into a cypress tree after his death
• Daedalion, a man transformed by Apollo into a hawk
• Daedalus, a skilled inventor and artisan
• Dascylus, the name of several mythological figures
• Deileon, the name of several mythological figures
• Deimachus, the name of several mythological figures
• Deioneus(Δηιονεύς) or Deion (Δηίων), the name of several mythological figures
• Deiphobus, a son of Priam and Hecuba who fought in the Trojan War
• Deipyle, wife of Tydeus and mother of Diomedes
• Delphus, the name of several mythological figures
• Demodice, the name of several mythological figures
• Demonassa, the name of several mythological figures
• Demonice, the name of several mythological figures
• Demophon of Eleusis, a son of Celeus, king of Eleusis, whom Demeter attempted and failed to immortalise
• Deucalion, survivor of the Deluge
• Dexamenus, the name of several mythological figures
• Dia, mother of Pirithoös
• Dictys, the name of several mythological figures
• Dimoetes, brother of Troezen
• Diocles, the name of several mythological figures
• Diomede, the name of several mythological figures
• Dirce, wife of Lycus
• Dius, the name of several mythological figures
• Dolius, a slave of Penelope
• Dolon, a fast runner who fought for Troy in the Trojan War
• Dolops, the name of several mythological figures
• Dorus, progenitor of the Dorians
• Dotis, the name of several mythological figures
• Dryas, the name of several mythological figures
• Dryope, a woman transformed into a black poplar
• Dymas, the name of several mythological figures
• Echion, the name of several mythological figures
• Eioneus, the name of several mythological figures
• Electryone, a daughter of Helios and Rhode
• Eleius, the name of several mythological figures
• Eleuther, the name of several mythological figures
• Elpenor, a crew member of Odysseus, who died in an accident; his shade approached Odysseus in the Underworld to beg him for a proper burial
• Elymus, progenitor of the Elymians
• Emathion, the name of several mythological figures
• Enarete, wife of Aeolus
• Endeïs, daughter of Chiron
• Endymion, eternally sleeping lover of the moon goddess Selene
• Enyeus, the name of several mythological characters
• Epeius, the name of several mythological figures
• Epicasta, the name of several mythological figures
• Epidaurus, eponymous hero of the city Epidaurus
• Epipole, a woman that went to Trojan War in disguise of a man
• Epirus, daughter of Agave and Echion, after whom the region of Epirus was named
• Epistrophus, the name of several mythological figures
• Epochus, the name of several mythological characters
• Ereuthalion, the name of several mythological figures
• Eribotes, one of the Argonauts
• Eriopis, the name of several mythological figures
• Eriphyle, mother of Alcmaeon and wife of Amphiaraus
• Erymanthus, the name of several mythological figures
• Euippe, the name of several mythological figures
• Euchenor, the name of several mythological figures
• Eulimene, a Cretan girl who was put to death after having an affair with a man other than her betrothed
• Eumaeus, Odysseus' loyal swineherd
• Eumedes, the name of several mythological figures
• Euphorion, the son of Achilles and Helen
• Europs, the name of several mythological figures
• Euryalus, the name of several mythological figures
• Euryanassa, the name of several mythological figures
• Eurybates, herald of the Greek armies and squire to Odysseus during the Trojan War
• Eurycleia, the wet-nurse of Odysseus
• Eurycyda, a lover of Poseidon
• Eurydamas, the name of several mythological figures
• Eurylochus, the second-in-command of Odysseus' ship during the return to Ithaca after the Trojan War
• Eurymachus, the name of several mythological figures
• Eurymedon, the name of several mythological figures
• Eurymedousa, the name of several mythological figures
• Eurypyle, the name of several mythological figures
• Eurypylus, the name of several mythological figures
• Euryte, daughter of Hippodamas
• Eurythemis, the name of several mythological figures
• Eurythemista, the name of several mythological figures
• Eurytion, the name of several mythological figures
• Eurytus, the name of several mythological figures
• Evaechme, the name of several mythological figures
• Evippus, the name of several mythological figures
• Galanthis, servant and friend of Alcmene, who foiled Hera's plan to prevent Heracles' birth and was transformed into a weasel in punishment
• Gerana, a Pygmy queen changed into a crane
• Gorge, the name of several mythological figures
• Gorgophone, daughter of Perseus and Andromeda
• Guneus, the name of several mythological figures
• Haemon, son of Creon and Eurydice
• Halaesus, the name of several mythological figures
• Halirrhothius, a son of Poseidon who was murdered by Ares
• Harpalion, the name of several mythological figures
• Hecamede, daughter of Arsinoös who was captured and given to Nestor as a servant
• Heleus, a son of Perseus and Andromeda
• Henioche, the name of several mythological figures
• Herippe, a woman from Miletus, abducted by the Gauls
• Hermippe, wife of Orchomeus and mother of Minyas by Poseidon
• Hero and Leander, star-crossed lovers
• Hippocoön, the name of several mythological figures
• Hippodamas, the name of several mythological figures
• Hippodamia, wife of Pelops
• Hippolytus, a son of Theseus
• Hippotes, the name of several mythological figures
• Hippothoe, the name of several mythological figures
• Hippothous, the name of several mythological figures
• Hodites, the name of several mythological figures
• Hodoedocus, son of Cynus, father of Oileus
• Hyacinthus, a lover of Apollo changed into a flower
• Hyacinthus of Lacedaemon, father of four daughters who were sacrificed to avert plague
• Hylas, arms bearer to Heracles
• Hyllus, son of Heracles and Deianira
• Hyperenor, the name of several mythological figures
• Hyperippe, the name of several mythological figures
• Hypermnestra, the name of several mythological figures
• Hyperphas, father of Euryganeiaand Euryanassa
• Hypsenor, the name of several mythological characters
• Hyrmine, the wife of Phorbas
• Hyrnetho, the wife of Deiphontes
• Ialmenus, a son of Ares who sailed with the Argonauts
• Iasus, the name of several mythological figures
• Icarius, the name of several mythological figures
• Icarus, the son of Daedalus, who fell to his death
• Ilione, daughter of Priam and wife of Polymestor
• Ilioneus, the name of several mythological figures
• Imbrius, a son-in-law of Priam
• Iodame, daughter of Itonus, turned to stone by Athena
• Iole, daughter of Eurytus
• Ion, son of Apollo and Creusa, wife of Xuthus
• Iphianassa, the name of several mythological figures
• Iphianeira, the name of several mythological figures
• Iphicles, the name of several mythological figures
• Iphidamas, the name of several mythological figures
• Iphimedeia, a lover of Poseidon
• Iphinoe, the name of several mythological figures
• Iphitus, the name of several mythological figures
• Iphthime, the name of several mythological figures
• Itonus, son of Amphictyon and founder of a shrine to Athena
• Lamedon, a son of Coronus of Sicyon
• Lampus, the name of several mythological figures
• Laodamas, the name of several mythological figures
• Laodamia, the name of several mythological figures
• Laodice, a daughter of Priam
• Laonome, the name of several mythological figures
• Laophoon, a Paeonian ally of the Trojans in the Trojan War
• Laothoe, the name of several mythological figures
• Lapithes, eponym of the Lapiths
• Leitus, a leader of the Achaean forces during the Trojan War
• Leos, name of two Attic heroes
• Lepreus, a grandson of Poseidon and an enemy of Heracles
• Leucippus, the name of several mythological figures
• Leucon, the name of several mythological figures
• Leuconoe, the name of several mythological figures
• Leucophrye, daughter of Mandrolytus; she betrayed her city for the love of a man
• Leucus, the name of several mythological figures
• Lityerses, a son of Midas killed by Heracles, and eponym of a kind of reaping songs
• Lophis, the young son of a Boeotian king
• Lycaon of Troy, a son of Priam, killed by Achilles
• Lycaste, the name of several mythological figures
• Lycastus, the name of several mythological figures
• Lycorus, the name of several mythological figures
• Lycurgus of Thrace, a king of the Edoni in Thrace
• Lysianassa, the name of several mythological figures
• Lysimache, the name of several mythological figures
• Lysippe, the name of several mythological figures
• Machaon, a physician and son of Asclepius who fought on the side of the Greeks in the Trojan War
• Maeon, the name of several mythological figures
• Magnes, the name of several mythological figures
• Mecisteus, son of Talaus who participated in the war of the Seven Against Thebes
• Meda, the name of several mythological figures
• Medôn, the name of several mythological figures
• Megapenthes, the name of several mythological figures
• Melanippus, the name of several mythological figures
• Melantho, a disloyal servant of Penelope
• Melas, the name of several mythological figures
• Meliboea, the name of several mythological figures
• Melicertes, son of Athamas and Ino who was transformed into the marine god Palaemon
• Melite, an eponymous heroine of a deme in Attica
• Memphis, eponym of Memphis, Egypt
• Menippe, a daughter of Orion who was transformed into a comet
• Messene, an ambitious Argive princess for whom Messenia was named
• Metaneira, wife of Celeus, king of Eleusis
• Metioche, a daughter of Orion who was transformed into a comet
• Mestor, the name of several mythological figures
• Mestra, daughter of Erysichthonwho possessed the gift of shape-shifting
• Miletus, a son of Apollo and founder of the city Miletus
• Minyas, founder of Orchomenus in Boeotia
• Munichus, the name of several mythological figures.
• Myrina, the name of several mythological figures
• Myrmidon, eponymous progenitor of the Myrmidons
• Myrmidone, the name of several mythological figures
• Myrrha, the mother of Adonis
• Myrtilus, charioteer of Oenomaus
• Myrto, the name of several mythological figures
• Mysius, an Argive who offered hospitality to Demeter
• Mytilene, the name of several mythological figures
• Narcissus, a young man who fell in love with his own reflection
• Naubolus, the name of several mythological figures
• Nausicaa, a Phaeacian princess who aided Odysseus
• Nausithous, the name of several mythological figures
• Neoptolemus, a son of Achilles
• Nicippe, the name of several mythological figures
• Nireus, an Achaean leader during the Trojan War, renowned for his beauty
• Nyctimene, a woman transformed by Athena into an owl
• Nyctimus, a son of Lycaon who was killed and served up as a meal to Zeus
• Oenoe, the name of several mythological characters
• Oenone, the first wife of Paris, whom he abandoned in favour of Helen
• Oenotrus, a son of Lycaon
• Olenus, the name of several mythological figures
• Omphale, a queen of Lydia to whom Heracles was required to become a slave for the period of a year
• Oncius, a son of Apollo and eponymous hero of Oncium, Arcadia
• Orion, a hunter whom Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation of Orion
• Ornytion, a son of Sisyphus and ruler over Corinth
• Ornytus, the name of several mythological figures
• Orsilochus, the name of several mythological figures
• Othryoneus, a suitor of Cassandra
• Oxylus, the name of several mythological figures
• Paeon (father of Agastrophus), a Paeonian, father of Agastrophus and Laophoon
• Paeon (son of Antilochus), a Messenian noble
• Paeon (son of Endymion), eponym of Paeonia
• Paeon (son of Poseidon) by Helle, sister of Phrixus
• Pallene, the name of several mythological figures
• Pandaie, a daughter of Heracles in India
• Pandareus, a friend of Tantalus who got involved into the latter's impious deeds
• Pandarus, a Trojan archer who fought in the Trojan War
• Pandora II, a daughter of Deucalion and Pyrrha
• Panopeus, a son of Phocus
• Panthous, an elder of Troy
• Paris, a son of Priam whose abduction of Helen resulted in the Trojan War
• Parthenopeus, one of the Seven Against Thebes
• Patroclus, a comrade of Achilles who was killed by Hector during the Trojan War
• Peirous, a Thracian ally of the Trojans
• Peisenor, the name of several mythological figures
• Peisidice, the name of several mythological figures
• Peisistratus, the youngest son of Nestor
• Pelopia, the name of several mythological figures
• Peneleos, an Achaean soldier in the Trojan War
• Penthilus, the name of several mythological figures
• Periboea, the name of several mythological figures
• Perigune, daughter of Sinis and lover of Theseus
• Perileos, the name of several mythological figures
• Periphas, the name of several mythological figures
• Periphetes, the name of several mythological figures
• Perimede, the name of several mythological figures
• Perimedes, the name of several mythological figures
• Phaenops, the name of several mythological figures
• Phaëton, a son of Helios who lost control of his father's sun chariot and was struck down by Zeus to prevent disaster
• Phalerus, a son of Alcon who sailed with the Argonauts
• Pharis, a son of Hermes and founder of Pharae in Messene
• Phemius, an Ithacan poet who performs in the house of Odysseus
• Phialo, a lover of Heracles
• Phocus, the name of several mythological figures
• Philemon, a virtuous old man who was rewarded by Zeus
• Philoctetes, a famed archer who participated in the Trojan War
• Phlias, a son of Dionysus who sailed with the Argonauts
• Phocus, a son of Aeacus, killed by his brothers Peleus and Telemon
• Phoenix, one of the Myrmidons who participated in the Trojan War
• Phorbas, the name of several mythological figures
• Phorcys, a Phrygian ally of Priam in the Trojan War
• Phrastor, the name of several mythological figures
• Phrixus, a son of Athamas and Nephele, rescued by Chrysomallus, the ram with the golden fleece
• Phrontis, a son of Phrixus who sailed with the Argonauts
• Phylacus, the name of several mythological figures
• Phylas, the name of several mythological figures
• Phyleus, son of Augeas
• Phyllis, wife of Demophon of Athens
• Physadeia, the name of several mythological figures
• Physcoa, member of the Sixteen Womenand lover of Dionysus
• Phytalus, an Attic hero encountered by Demeter
• Pleuron, eponym of Pleuron, Aetolia
• Plexippus, the name of several mythological characters
• Podalirius, a healer and son of Asclepius who participated in the Trojan War
• Polites, the name of several mythological figures
• Polyboea, the name of several mythological figures
• Polycaon, the name of several mythological figures
• Polycaste, the name of several mythological figures
• Polydorus, the name of several mythological figures
• Polymele, the name of several mythological figures
• Polypheides, the name of several mythological figures
• Polystratus, a youth of Dyme, Achaea
• Polyxenus, the name of several mythological figures
• Polyxo, the name of several mythological figures
• Praxithea, the name of several mythological figures
• Proclia, daughter of Laomedon, sister of Priam and wife of Cycnus
• Procrustes, a rogue smith and bandit from Attica who attacked people
• Promedon, possibly a follower of Orpheus
• Pronax, a brother of Adrastus
• Prosymnus, a shepherd who aided Dionysus in rescuing Semele from Hades
• Protesilaus, the first Greek soldier to die at Troy
• Prothoenor, one of the Greek leaders in the Trojan War
• Psophis, the name of several mythological figures
• Pterelaos, the name of several mythological figures
• Pygmalion, a sculptor who fell in love with his own creation
• Pylaeus, a Pelasgian ally of the Trojans
• Pylaemenes, an Enetian ally of the Trojans
• Pyraechmes, a Paeonian ally of the Trojans
• Pyramus, tragic lover of Thisbe, on whom Shakespeare's Romeo is based
• Pyrrha, wife of Deucalion
• Rarus, a possible father of Triptolemus
• Rhadine and Leontichus, star-crossed lovers
• Rhoeo, a lover of Apollo
• Saon, the name of several mythological figures
• Schedius, the name of several mythological figures
• Scylaceus, a Lycian ally of the Trojans
• Selemnus, a man who loved the sea nymph Argyra
• Sidero, stepmother of Tyro
• Socus, the name of several mythological figures
• Solymus, ancestral hero of the Solymi tribe in Lycia
• Sostratus, a beloved of Heracles
• Sparta, wife of Lacedaemon for whom the city of Sparta was named
• Staphylus, the name of several mythological figures
• Stentor, a herald of the Greek forces during the Trojan War
• Stheneboea, daughter of Iobates and consort of Proteus
• Sthenele, the name of several mythological figures
• Sthenelus, the name of several mythological figures
• Stratonice, the name of several mythological figures
• Strophius, the name of several mythological figures
• Syleus, a Lydian who forced people to dig his vineyard and was killed by Heracles
• Syme, eponym of the island Syme
• Tecmessa, the name of several mythological figures
• Tegeates, founder of Tegea
• Telecleia, a daughter of Ilus and wife of Cisseus
• Telegonus, son of Circe and Odysseus
• Telemachus, son of Odysseus and Penelope, and a central character in the Odyssey
• Teleon, father of Butes and Eribotes
• Telephassa, wife of Agenor and mother of Cadmus
• Tenes, eponymous hero of Tenedos
• Termerus, a bandit killed by Heracles
• Theiodamas, the name of several mythological figures
• Themiste, a daughter of Ilus and mother of Anchises
• Themisto, third wife of Athamas
• Theobule, the name of several mythological figures
• Theonoe, the name of several mythological figures
• Theophane, a lover of Poseidon, changed into an ewe
• Thero, the name of several mythological figures
• Thersander, the name of several mythological figures
• Thersites, a soldier of the Greek army during the Trojan War
• Thespius, founder-king of Thespiae, Boeotia
• Thestius, father of Iphicles
• Thestor, the name of several mythological figures
• Thisbe, tragic lover of Pyramus, on whom Shakespeare's Juliet is based
• Thoas, a leader of the Aetolian armies during the Trojan War
• Thoön, the name of several mythological figures
• Thrasymedes, soldier who fought on the side of the Greeks in the Trojan War
• Thymoetes, the name of several mythological figures
• Timandra, daughter of Leda and Tyndareus
• Tithonus, lover of Eos, granted immortality but not eternal youth
• Tlepolemus, a son of Heracles who fought in the Trojan War of the side of the Greeks
• Toxeus, the name of several mythological characters
• Trambelus, a son of Telamon and half-brother of Ajax
• Trochilus, possible inventor of the chariot linked to cults of Hera and Demeter
• Troezen, a son of Pelops and eponym of the city Troezen
• Trophonius, an architect, brother of Agamedes
• Tydeus, father of Diomedes and one of the Seven Against Thebes
• Tyres, the name of several mythological figures
• Tyro, daughter of Salmoneus
• Ucalegon, an elder of Troy
• Xanthippe, the name of several mythological figures
• Xanthius, a descendent of Bellerophon and father of Leucippus
• Xanthus, the name of several mythological figures
• Xuthus, a son of Hellen and Orseis and father of Ion and Achaeus
• Zarex, a son of Carystus and founder of the town Zarex in Laconia
• Zetes, an Argonaut and son of Boreas
• Zeuxippe, the name of several mythological figures
• Zeuxippus, the name of several mythological figures