0
He's an employee of British Petroleum (BP), an oil company. BP's oil drillers are under contract with the United Steelworkers Union (USW), so, yes, he is a member of that union. USW, however, supports Obama-Biden for President, not McCain-Palin.
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1 answer
1 answer
Karoly Manherz has written:
'Zur Sprache und Volkskultur der Ungarndeutschen : egyseges jegyzet a pedagoguskepzo intermenyek usw'
1 answer
Any association of workers who want better house, wages and conditions is a union. A popular example of a union in America is the USW or United Steelworkers Union.
1 answer
Please ask this question again describing the noise (clunk/rattle/squeak/rub/rumble/groan/usw.) and type of vehicle (year/make/model/notcolor.)
1 answer
M. S Whitfield has written:
'Geohydrologic and drill-hole data for test well USW H-4, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada' -- subject(s): Radioactive waste disposal in the ground, Wells
1 answer
Another were automatic weapons. It allowed shooting to go from at best 3 shots per minute to 90-130 shots per minute.
1 answer
Scientists use the hardness test, and more specifically Mohs Hardness Scale, named after a Freidrich Mohs, a German mineralogist. Mohs Hardness Scale test can scale from 1 to 10, where 1 is softest and 10 is hardest.
1 answer
J. R. Erickson has written:
'Identification and characterization of hydrologic properties of fractured tuff using hydraulic and tracer tests--test well USW H-4, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada' -- subject(s): Groundwater
1 answer
There are two primary causes for the US entering World War I. First and foremost is the sinking of the Lustitania and Unrestricted Submarine Warfare. The concept of Unrestricted Submarine Warface (USW) was that any ship, flying anyflag, neutral country or not, around the coast of the United Kingdom would be treated as a warship, and promptly attacked. When the Lusitania was sunk in 1914: roughly 120 American civilians were killed. Afterwords, Germany suspended USW until 1917. In 1917 Germany resumed USW, after repeated warnings from the US that it would mean War.
The second reason is the Zimmerman Telegram, sent to Mexico on Germany's behalf. It promised German support if Mexico would open a domestic front and invade the US, should it come to war. Naturally, the citizenry was outraged.
4 answers
Christopher Cramer Barton has written:
'Fractures in outcrops in the vicinity of drill hole USW G-4, Yucca Mountain, Nevada' -- subject- s -: Geology, Geology, Stratigraphic, Geology, Structural, Mathematical models, Stratigraphic Geology, Structural Geology
1 answer
No.
Being a herbivore, it doesn't have to hide from its prey.
And since there's no animal that eat giant pandas, it doesn't have to hide from predators either.
2 answers
U.S. gallons are different from imperial gallons. 1 Imperial gallon is equal to 4.54609188 litres and 1 US gallon is equal to 3.78541178 litres. Liters on the other hand are the same everywhere. One liter equals 0.26 U.S. gallon or 0.219 Imperial gallon.
1 answer
Empoleon is quite hard to use against an electric type. Your best opyion is to raise a Ground Type to usw against the gym, because Electric moves can't hit a ground type
2 answers
Due to construction works and the transports, material dumpsites etc resulting from that and parked vehicles and machines the traffic on the public streets may not [unexpected end of sentence]
1 answer
Yes you can study in US after getting F-1 student visa. Green card or citizenship is not required to study. F-1 student visa is valid until your course is complete. You can get the social security number also as a F-1 visa holder. You are also allowed to work in campus or outside while you pursue your studies.
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern -USW--E. That is, seven letter words with 2nd letter U and 3rd letter S and 4th letter W and 7th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are:
huswife
1 answer
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern -USW-V--. That is, eight letter words with 2nd letter U and 3rd letter S and 4th letter W and 6th letter V. In alphabetical order, they are:
huswives
1 answer
Leider is Ihr Beitrag eine Feststellung und keine Frage.
WikiAnswers website kann leider keine Umlaute in Fragen akzeptieren.
Bitte benutzen Sie die Alternativen für diesen Zeichen, z.b. : ae, oe, ue usw.
1 answer
In World War 1, the Germans kept sinking the American cargo ships that were neutral, so eventually the president had had enough and went to war.
EDIT -> The German's used Unrestricted Submarine Warfare, which sunk the Lusitania. The United States let it go the first time, asking them to stop using USW, not wanting to get involved in WWI. However, as the war started to turn against Germany, they started using it again. This is another reason the U.S. joined the war.
In World War 2, the U.S. joined the war because of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
1 answer
In World War 1, the Germans kept sinking the American cargo ships that were neutral, so eventually the president had had enough and went to war.
EDIT -> The German's used Unrestricted Submarine Warfare, which sunk the Lusitania. The United States let it go the first time, asking them to stop using USW, not wanting to get involved in WWI. However, as the war started to turn against Germany, they started using it again. This is another reason the U.S. joined the war.
In World War 2, the U.S. joined the war because of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
1 answer
you can watch the pictures on youtube,aol video and other sites....
1 answer
As a noun: Make sure you use 1 cup of flour exactly for this recipe.
As a verb: The baker will flour the surface so that the dough won't stick to it.
As an adjective: After opening a bag of flour, keep it in a sealed container to prevent contamination by flourbeetles.
7 answers
though there was only a handful of engagements by each nations navy, it still played an important role during world war one.
Each nation used its navy to oversee the protection of its colonies and overseas possessions, such as India, Africa and parts of Asia.
The British navy was also used to blockade the ports of Germany to cut the supplies of food and materials they received from trading with nations and from their overseas colonies.
By 1917 Germany also responded by utilizing a campaign of unrestricted Submarine Warefare (USW), under this campaign German submarines engaged and sunk both warships and merchant ships in an attempt to cause Britain to succumb to starvation and pull out of the war before Germany.
It was actually this campaign that caused the sinking of the American ship the Lucitania and prompted the Americans to join the War against Germany.
1 answer
Massentourismus nennt man den seit den 1960er-Jahren entstandenen Tourismus für den Pauschalreisen sowie die Konzentration auf eine begrenzte Zahl von Urlaubsorten, in denen sich die Touristen in "Massen" aufhalten typisch sind.
In Gebieten mit Massentourismus findet man meist viele Einrichtungen, die den Urlaubern Dinge bieten, die sie von zuhause kennen und auch im Urlaub nicht vermissen möchten, etwa deutsches Essen, deutschsprachiges Personal, deutsche Zeitungen, deutsche Ärzte, usw. Wo Massentourismus aus verschiedenen Herkunftsländern aufeinander trifft, bildet sich oft ein Muster von Orten, die jeweils von einer Sprachgruppe dominiert werden, etwa auf Mallorca oder den Kanarischen Inseln.
2 answers
JEE-MAINS results - Searchurcollege
The National Testing Agency oversees the administration of JEE-MAINS (Joint Admission Examination - Main), a national entrance examination for undergraduate engineering programmes in India. (NTA). The JEE-MAINS exam, one of India's most difficult and demanding admission tests, is taken by numerous students each year.
Both an online and an offline version of the JEE-MAINS exam are offered. The test evaluates the candidates' knowledge of physics, chemistry, and mathematics. The test is offered in English, Hindi, and additional regional tongues.
Visit usw for more info searchurcollege .com/engineering/jee-main
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1 answer
Gern hab' ich die Frau'n geküsst,
hab' nie gefragt, ob es gestattet ist;
dachte mir: nimm sie dir,
küss sie nur, dazu sind sie ja hier!
Ja, glaubt mir: Nie nahm ich Liebe schwer.
Ich liebe heiss, doch treu bin ich nicht sehr,
bin ein Mann, nicht viel dran,
Liebchen fein: ich schau' auch Andre an!
Ich kenn' der wahrhaften Liebe Glut,
ich weiss, wie weh oft die Falschheit tut,
ich kenn' die Wonnen,
begonnen mit Freud,
ich sah ihr wenden und enden mit Leid!
Ich kenn' die Liebe in Dur und Moll,
ich kenn' sie selig, verrückt und toll,
ich schau' erwachend und lachend zurück
und such' im Rausche, im Tausche mein
Glück!
Gern hab' ich die Frau'n geküsst, usw.
1 answer
In World War 1, the Germans kept sinking the American cargo ships that were neutral, so eventually the president had had enough and went to war.
EDIT -> The German's used Unrestricted Submarine Warfare, which sunk the Lusitania. The United States let it go the first time, asking them to stop using USW, not wanting to get involved in WWI. However, as the war started to turn against Germany, they started using it again. This is another reason the U.S. joined the war.
In World War 2, the U.S. joined the war because of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
6 answers
The sinkings of the RMS Lusitania and ferry Sussex caused enough public backlash against Germany that Germany changed its policy of unrestricted submarine warfare to a policy of attacking only ships that were clearly British. Neutral flagged and passenger ships would be afforded safe passage. Prior to this, U-boats operated under "Cruiser Rules", which effectively gave the ship warning, and time to evacuate before it was sunk. With the advent of air power and subsequent orders to ship captains to ram any surfaced U-boat, that policy became extremely hazardous.
The policy of restricted warfare lasted until 1917, when Germany, responding to the effective blockade of Germany by Britain, once again executed unrestricted submarine warfare against any vessel thought to be an enemy or providing assistance to the Allies. This decision ultimately led the U.S. to declare war on Germany, which followed with Germany's defeat in 1918.
It is notable to consider the possible outcome of the war if Germany had continued with unrestricted warfare rather than stopped. The Nazi U-boat campaign in the North Atlantic, as well as the American campaign in the Pacific, caused devastating losses and effect to both sides during WWII. The U-boats eventually were defeated in the Atlantic after the Allies developed sound anti-submarine warfare techniques, but it took time. The Japanese never countered the U.S. submarine threat in the Pacific, and it helped lead to their defeat. ASW techniques were essentially non-existent in WWI - had the Germans continued with their USW policy, the war may have gone much differently.
1 answer
certes
recess
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resse
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uss
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ertheless
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uccess
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2 answers
Marktforschung kann von zwei Arten als primäre und / oder sekundäre sein. Primary Forschung erfordert Daten durch Marktstudie, Beobachtung, Marktanalyse usw. gesammelt werden, während sekundäre Forschung durch das Lesen und ebenfalls Analyse der bisher gesammelten Daten durchgeführt werden kann. Sekundäre Daten hat eine zeitliche Begrenzung, jedoch es kann verwendet werden, um Ihr Unternehmen zu starten. Nach einem Zeitraum, den Sie Selbst brauchen, um gegenüber primären Forschung verlagern, wie dies aktuelle und / oder direkte Wissen gibt über sich rasch verändernden Markttrends. Sie können überhaupt nicht über aktuelle und / oder zukünftige Trends des Marktes, indem sie selbst sich auf Sekundärdaten für mehr Zeit informiert bleiben. Jene Unternehmen haben FuE-Abteilung vor allem für die Durchführung ein Marktforschung Arbeit ins Leben gerufen. Ob ein Unternehmen groß oder klein ist dies braucht, um neueste Markt-Statistiken für welche Entscheidung, künftig Geschäftsstrategien kennen. Um Wettbewerbsvorteile zu erlangen, suchen Sie auf versteckte Orte zu Verkauf von Produkten u. Kunden zu binden ist ebenfalls wichtig. [url=http://www.bogneroutlet.eu/bogner-zinnoberrot-jungen-andi-3530-p-28.html]Bogner Zinnoberrot Jungen Andi 3530[/url] Es gibt einige Firmen, eine überhaupt nicht nach dem Erfolg ein Forschung gewonnen haben. Einer Grund dahinter kann unzulässiger Weise für diese Forschung zu tun. Obwohl sie selbst gut kennen, sind die Vorteile einer Marktforschung Berichte, können sie selbst nicht mehr Geld für Forschung. In eingehenden Analyse ein Markt verlangt zu zahlen hoch, und / oder dies wird festgestellt, daß für Unternehmer anstrengend sein. Aufgrund dieser gemeinsamen Barriere, abzulenken sie persönlich schlechte Forschungsberichte von ihnen vorbereitet, so daß sie selbst überhaupt nicht erhalten, globale Perspektive während jener Einnahme Entscheidung. Exploring im Internet: Jedes Unternehmen ist auf ein Suche nach Wachstum Gelegenheit, mehr Gewinne zu erzielen oder mehr zu erweitern. Sammlung von Daten über Zustand Nische, Präferenzen dieser Kunden usw. Vorteile Geschäft zu [url=http://www.bogneroutlet.eu/bogner-mitternachtsblau-herren-dagurd-gr50-3105-p-4.html]Bogner Mitternachtsblau Herren Dagur-D Gr.50 3105[/url] erhalten, um über Markt-Statistiken, Wettbewerbsstrategien und Verkaufsmöglichkeiten wissen. Eines ein kostengünstigste Weg, um Informationen über alles zu erhalten ist eine Erkundung Informationen im Internet. Obwohl diese Suche auf Google ist die wirtschaftliche, es gibt nur einen Überblick. Es gräbt nur einen Teil jener Informationen, die mehrdeutig sein kann, und präsentiert dies Ihnen. Jedoch mehr und genauere Informationen zu bekommen, müssen Sie persönlich dafür bezahlen. Es gibt verschiedene Benutzer-Hubs, Forschungsbericht Bereitstellung von Portalen, die Ihnen wertvolle Suche Daten durch Marktinformationen gegeben. Das Problem ist, dass Unternehmer entweder nicht bewusst sind, wie Portale oder nicht in jener Lage, dafür zu zahlen. Barriers To Market Research In Small Business Do Freunde und ebenfalls Familienmitglieder immer geben Anregungen überholt, ohne zu wissen Markttrends. Industrie-Analyse gibt Ihnen einen Einblick in jene industrielle Konzepte und ebenfalls Pläne für steigende Umsätze im Markt. Aber Unterschiede in Marketing-Strategien werden von diesen Menschen vernachlässigt sowie sie versuchen, Sie persönlich davon zu überzeugen, für jeden Verbraucher Umfrage gehen. Unter Berufung auf nur [url=http://www.bogneroutlet.eu/kinder-bogner-skihosen-c-5.html]Kinder Bogner Skihosen[/url] sekundäre Forschung: Mit dem Wissen, all diese Barrieren ein neues Zeitalter Exekutive müssen versuchen, sie zu überwinden. Jede Art von Produkt in den Markt eingeführt werden, durch gründliche Marktforschung unterstützt, sicherlich erhebt seinen Umsatz in unbekannte Nischen zu. Zusammen mit, daß jedes Unternehmen mit einer höheren Umsatzrendite kann im globalen Wettbewerb nachhaltig nur dann, wenn es Marktstudien zu nutzen. Einfluss von veralteten Denken:
2 answers
The primary reason workers began to join together is simple: the voices of many outweigh the voices of a few. The second reason was to create a powerful body to protest working conditions and wages and create reforms. The third, and perhaps a driving force toward unions was a backlash against companies that used threats, bullied, beat, and even killed workers who did not comply.
In the 1800s, for example, coal companies advertised in foreign countries (Wales, Ireland, England primarily) to bring coal workers to Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois. Though experienced workers, because many did not speak English, this meant that coal companies paid lower wages, price-gouged at the "company store" where workers were mandated to buy groceries/supplies, and withheld "fees" from salaries for essential work supplies, like candles, helmets, and lanterns used in the mines. (This meant that miners always "owed" the company money, and because the fees ate into their wages, they also got behind on paying rents.) When men protested because mining was so unsafe to begin with, the coal companies created their own "police force". The coal police would go to men's houses to threaten and beat them. Coal companies promised housing, in coal towns which were called "coal patches". Men paid high rents on these homes. But if the man protested the working conditions, the "coal police" would come and physically put the family out of their home, throwing their meager belongings into the streets. If a coal miner died at work during a slate fall or explosion, the coal police would go to the house while the family was at the cemetery and put the widow and children out on the streets. If a mine had a mass casualty, no families got paid a death benefit (e.g. no insurance from the company).
As a result of events like those listed above, The United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) is one of the oldest unions in the United States. The push toward unionizing coal mines started in a tiny town known for coal mines, coke works, and glass plants: Charleroi, Pennsylvania. Leaders guided workers toward unionizing, held rallies, and helped the workers ban together to fight unfair and illegal labor practices. The Mine Workers of America Union was formed January 25, 1890. The UMWA lobbied for new laws as well as for higher wages and benefits, along with safer working conditions and that companies would supply necessary safety gear. The UMWA was instrumental in reducing the number of explosions and roof falls in mines, by pushing for safe work policies. They set standards for what they called "the practical miner", which meant "experienced", including the man's ability to mine safely. They introduced standardized "tests" so miners could prove they were "practical miners", thus, identifying miners whose work might be sub-standard and unsafe so those men could be retrained.
However, instituting the UMWA did not immediately, automatically, or magically create reforms. Charleroi PA and numerous surrounding coal towns in Washington County PA was a volatile place to live and work. Even in 1969, there remained great unrest and strife between unions and non-unions, and even among union members. I recall in 1969 hearing about the horrific murder of Joseph Albert "Jock" Yablonski and his family. Mr. Yablonski was an labor leader in the United Mine Workers Union. His opponent, UMWA president and union embezzler, Tony Boyle, hired a group of thugs to kill Yablonski before the union's next election because Yablonski was gaining in popularity. But the three hired killers waited until after the election. They entered Yabonski's home where he, his wife, and 25-year old daughter were asleep and shot them all. However, the three killers left numerous fingerprints in the home; it only took a few days to capture all three.
The Yablonski Murders sparked an investigation from the Department of Labor. This fueled unprecedented mining and union reforms. But this was 79 years (plus) in the making, from the earliest rallies in Charleroi pre-1890 before the mine union formed. Though The Knights of Labor formed in the 1880s, and The American Federation of Labor was founded in 1886 (later the AFL-CIO), the UMWA was formed nearly around the same time as The United Steel Workers Union. Coal Mining, Steel Mills, and Railroads were "close financial relatives" whose unionizing efforts transformed the workplace. The efforts of the UMWA, the USW, and the American Railroad Union (ARU which formed June 20, 1893) provided "Unity and Strength For Workers" (the USW motto), and led increasingly to more groups unionizing, such as US Postal Workers during the 1960s. In the years following, labor groups (like plumbers and pipe fitters), teachers, nurses, and many other groups began to "unionize".
However, even today, once powerless groups such as nursing aides (CNAs, STNAs, and Independent Providers) have pushed and continue to group together to join the Service Employee International Union. But in Ohio and Wisconsin, State governments in the last 4 recent years have created laws to prevent the Service Employee International Union from effectively bargaining for increased wages for union members paid under State programs. Nurses and other service workers have found similar obstacles in truly having a powerful unionized voice to speak on their behalf.
3 answers
It was actually during WWI, called the "Zimmermann Telegram", sent by Arthur Zimmerman to Johann von Bernstorff, who then, secretly, sent it to the German ambassador in Mexico, Heinrich von Eckardt. It was intercepted by the British and decoded to read:
"We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you. You will inform the President of the above most secretly as soon as the outbreak of war with the United States of America is certain and add the suggestion that he should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence and at the same time mediate between Japan and ourselves. Please call the President's attention to the fact that the ruthless employment of our submarines now offers the prospect of compelling England in a few months to make peace." Signed, ZIMMERMANN
3 answers
Joseph Thorp has written:
'A suggested nomenclature for the forms and parts of letters' -- subject- s -: Alphabets, Type and type-founding
'Apropos the unicorn' -- subject- s -: Curwen Press
'B.H. Newdigate, scholar-printer, 1869-1944' -- subject- s -: Shakespeare Head Press
'The leading article from \\' -- subject- s -: Socialism
'An aesthetic conversion'
'Printing for business' -- subject- s -: Printing, Handbooks, manuals
9 answers
* Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA) * Amalgamated Transit Union (ATU) * American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE) * American Federation of Musicians (AFM) * American Federation of School Administrators (AFSA) * American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) * American Federation of Teachers (AFT) * American Postal Workers Union (APWU) * American Radio Association (ARA) * American Train Dispatchers Department (ATDD) * Associated Actors and Artists of America (AAAA or 4As) ** Actors' Equity Association (AEA) ** American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) ** American Guild of Musical Artists (AGMA) ** American Guild of Variety Artists (AGVA) ** Hebrew Actors' Union (HAU; 1899-2005) ** Screen Actors Guild (SAG) ** The Guild of Italian American Actors (GIAA) * Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers and Grain Millers' International Union (BCTGM) * Brotherhood of Railroad Signalmen (BRS) * California Nurses Association/National Nurses Organizing Committee (CNA/NNOC) * California School Employees Association (CSEA) * Communications Workers of America (CWA) * Farm Labor Organizing Committee (FLOC) * Federation of Professional Athletes (NFLPA) * Glass, Molders, Pottery, Plastics and Allied Workers International Union (GMPIU * International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes (IATSE) * International Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers (Ironworkers) * International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) * International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers (AWIU) * International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) * International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths, Forgers and Helpers (Boilermakers) * International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) * International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers (IFPTE) * International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) * International Longshoremen's Association (ILA) * International Plate Printers, Die Stampers and Engravers Union of North America (Printers & Engravers) * International Union of Allied Novelty and Production Workers (Novelty and Production Workers) * International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers (BAC) * International Union of Elevator Constructors (IUEC) * International Union of Operating Engineers (IUOE) * International Union of Painters and Allied Trades (IUPAT) * International Union of Police Associations (IUPA) * Marine Engineers Beneficial Association (MEBA) * National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA) * National Association of Letter Carriers (NALC) * National Postal Mail Handlers Union (NPMHU) * Office and Professional Employees International Union (OPEIU) * Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association (OPCMIA) * Seafarers International Union of North America (SIU) * Sheet Metal Workers International Association (SMWIA) * Transport Workers Union of America (TWU) * United American Nurses (UAN) * United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada (UA) * United Auto Workers (UAW) * United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) * United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial & Service Workers International Union (USW) * United Transportation Union (UTU) * United Union of Roofers, Waterproofers and Allied Workers (Roofers and Waterproofers) * Utility Workers of America (UWUA) * Writers Guild of America, East (WGA-East)
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Basically, because they were desperate.
Germany had had a dreadful 1916, fighting simultaneously the battles of Verdun and the Somme, while having to rescue Austria from Russia's Brusilov offensive. Their attack on the British fleet at Jutland had achieved nothing. As far as could be seen, 1917 promised the same only worse, as both the British and Russian armies were likely to be better trained and equipped than the previous year. As Germany had barely survived 1916, it was likely that 1917 would see her defeat.
The German Navy offered a way to break this deadlock. Britain was heavily dependent on imported food and raw materials, and if she could be starved into surrender by Summer 1917, Germany would then be in a position to defeat her other enemies.
This was a high risk strategy, as unrestricted u-boat warfare might well bring the United States into the war on the Allied side. However, the Navy argued that this wouldn't really matter, since the u-boats could sink any troop transports from the US, while in any case an American army large enough to matter could not arrive in Europe before 1918, by which time the war would be over - one way or the other. Their view prevailed, and USW was declared on Jan 31, 1917.
Ironically, it was declared just as Germany was about to get a reprieve. In March 1917 the Tsar was overthrown, and though Russia did not leave the war until December, its army became increasingly ineffective. A few weeks later, the French army was all but paralyzed by a series of mutinies, following the unsuccessful Nivelle offensive. The Allies might well have been obliged to make peace, had US intervention not given them new hope.
The Germans were correct in their expectation that the US Army could not play any major role in 1917, but mistaken in assuming that the war would end that year. The Russian Revolution averted German collapse, whilst the submarine campaign did not live up to expectations. This was for a number of reasons. Firstly, US intervention provided Britain with additional destroyers for use as convoy escorts, and allowed her to begin introducing the convoy system. This greatly reduced her losses to the u-boats, which initially had been horrendous, (in April 1917, every fourth merchantman sailing had been sunk). When Admiral Sims arrived in London, he learned that Admiral Jellicoe and others thought that if present trends continued, Britain would be starved into surrender by November. In particular, the Royal Navy was in danger of being crippled by shortage of fuel oil. However, by September 1917 the crisis was essentially over.
In addition to the convoy system, US intervention helped defeat the U-boats in other ways. Several South American and other countries entered the war along with America, and German ships trapped in their ports (40 in Brazil alone) passed into Allied hands. Also, neutral merchantmen in Allied ports, refusing to sail fo fear of u-boat attack, could now be seized, as without US support, the remaining neutrals were too weak to object, and had essentially no one left to trade with except the Allies. Finally, US shipyards produced 800,000 tons of merchant shipping in 1917 (more than double the 1916 figure) and 2.6 million tons in 1918, so that losses to u-boats could now be replaced.
It is interesting, if futile, to speculate on what might have happened had Germany followed the advice of Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg, and proclaimed unrestricted warfare against armed merchantmen only. This would have been acceptable to President Wilson, and almost certainly have averted war with the US, while, since most Allied merchantmen were already armed or in process of being, would have made little difference as far as Allied shipping was concerned. However, the Navy objected because they wished to frighten neutral ships away from Allied ports. In the event (see above) this aim completely backfired.
In short, unrestricted u-boat warfare made a degree of sense at the time, but in the end brought Germany to defeat.
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During the 1600s, London experienced a range of weather conditions typical for a temperate climate, including cold winters, warm summers, and regular rainfall throughout the year. Records from that time suggest that London had unpredictable weather patterns, with occasional severe winters and heatwaves during the summer months.
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