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MCBs are more convinient because when an excess current passes through it or a short ciruit occurs it just trips off and can be resetted after the fault has been solved, while the fuse just blows off(melts) when a fault occurs and it needs replacement everytime it operates.
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MCBs are more convenient to reset after tripping, as they just need to be switched back on instead of replacing a fuse. They provide better protection against short circuits and overloads due to their faster response time. MCBs also offer more precise and adjustable current ratings for different circuits.
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MCBs protects electrical circuits against the damage caused due to overload or short circuits
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Suitable rated separate circuits with MCBs are advisable.
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Fuses and minature circuit breakers (MCBs) are both overcurrent protection devices, designed to disconnect a circuit in the event of an overload current or a short-circuit current.
Fuses use the heating effect of current in order to operate. When an overcurrent occurs, the temperature of the fuse element causes it to melt, disconnecting the circuit. Its speed of operation is based on the inverse-time characteristic of the melting process -i.e. the higher the overcurrent, the faster it melts.
Miniature circuit breakers use the heating effect, together with the magnetic effect, of current to operate. Overload currents cause a bimetallic strip to bend, releasing the trip mechanism. Short-circuit currents cause an electromagnet to release the trip mechanism. The inverse-time characteristics of these two processes overlap.
MCBs have the advantage that they do not have to be replaced, once the fault has been removed from the circuit, and can be reset to their closed position. Fuses must be replaced. Fuses are also subject to abuse, as people sometimes replace 'blown' fuses with fuses of the wrong rating, or even replace them with strips of tinfoil or nails which completely removes any circuit protection.
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Where only a few electric cells are used to supply low values of voltage and current - such as in small battery-powered flashlights, toys, personal music players, cellphones, etc. - no fuses or MCBs (miniature circuit breakers) are necessary because there is very little risk of a fire breaking out in the event that a fault occurs to cause the cells to become short-circuited.
However, where higher voltages and currents are delivered from batteries of cells, such as in modern electrically-powered cars and other vehicles - where battery voltages such as 480 volts or more, delivering full-load currents of 100 amps or more are now used - the inclusion of protective fuses and/or MCBs are certainly necessary. One reason is in order to be sure of breaking the current from the battery in the event of a serious vehicle collision accident or some other fault condition which could easily cause the system and/or its wiring to overheat and/or catch on fire.
For the same reasons, because of the sizes of the voltages and currents which are used, fuses and MCBs are fitted to protect AC (alternating current) service systems.
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RCBs are commonly used in applications where there is the need to combine protection against overcurrents and protection against earth leakage currents.
MCBs are used to protect an electrical circuit from damage due to overload or short circuit.
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A command is something that's built-in to the kernel, where as the utility is something that runs on top of the kernel. Example of utilities are: fdisk, copy, edit, etc.
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The most common types of circuit breaker used are MCBs. (Miniature Circuit Breakers.)
The most common type of breaker used in most every residence in the U.S.A. is the non-adjustable trip breaker.
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The common abbreviations for a circuit breaker are CB and MCB. CB stands for Circuit Breaker, while MCB stands for Miniature Circuit Breaker. The main difference between the two is their size and capacity. MCBs are smaller and designed for lower electrical loads, while CBs are larger and can handle higher electrical loads.
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MCBs are classified according to tripping over range of fault current as follows:
- Type B MCB
- Type C MCB
- Type D MCB
Type B:
This type of MCB trips between 3 and 5 times full load current. Type B devices are mainly used in residential applications or light commercial applications where connected loads are primarily lighting fixtures, domestic appliances with mainly resistive elements. The surge current levels in such cases are relatively low.
Type C:
This type of MCB trips between 5 and 10 times full load current. This is used in commercial or industrial type of applications where there could be chances of higher values of short circuit currents in the circuit. The connected loads are mainly inductive in nature (e.g. induction motors) or fluorescent lighting.
Type D:
This type of MCB trips between 10 and 20 times full load current. These MCBs are use in specialty industrial / commercial uses where current inrush can be very high. Examples include transformers or X-ray machines, large winding motors etc.
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Electricity is generated at power plants and then transmitted through power lines to substations. From there, it is distributed to homes and businesses via power lines and transformers. When electricity reaches your home, it goes through a circuit breaker or fuse box before being distributed to outlets and appliances.
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You don't specify whether you mean low-voltage circuit breakers, such as MCBs (miniature circuit breakers) or high-voltage circuit breakers. In either case, repeated tripping under fault conditions causes arcing which damages the main contacts of the circuit breakers. For this reason, high-voltage circuit breakers are taken out of service after a specified number of tripping operations, so that the contacts can be maintained or, if necessary, replaced. MCB contacts are inaccessible, and the MCB may eventually require replacing.
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A 32 amp MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) will trip when the current flowing through it exceeds 32 amps. MCBs are designed to protect electrical circuits from overcurrent situations, which can lead to overheating and potential fire hazards. Once the current surpasses the rated amperage, the MCB will trip to interrupt the circuit and prevent further damage.
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The main function of a miniature circuit breaker is to protect an electrical circuit from overcurrent, such as a short circuit or overload, by interrupting the flow of electricity when it exceeds a certain threshold. This helps prevent damage to the circuit and reduces the risk of electrical fires.
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The size of a main breaker distribution panel is determined by the maximum electrical load that will be connected to it. This includes factors such as the total amperage requirements of all the circuits it will supply, as well as any future expansion needs. It is important to choose a panel with a main breaker that can safely handle the total load without tripping.
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CB MCB
(i) Mechanism of CB is tripping relay. (i) Mechanism of MCB is tripping release
(ii) It is used in HV system. (ii) It is used in LV system.
(iii) Rupturing capacity is high . (iii) Rupturing capacity is low.
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Romex, Loomex. An answer from India: For household work, electric wire is used but not cable. For general use the wire is called 'one eighteen' wire which is available in the market at Indian Rupees 5/- per meter approx. The wire may contain a thick single copper wire or multiple thin wires. Either is OK for household wiring for normal 5 to 10 amps power consumption items like, bulbs, fans, electric irons, etc. For higher load devices like water geezers, air conditioners, etc. 'seven twenty' wire is required. Proper Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs) should be used to protect the wiring. <><><> As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed. Before you do any work yourself,
on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,
always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized. IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOB
SAFELY AND COMPETENTLY
REFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.
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From Transmission and Distribution Electrical Engineering, Third Edition
Fuses act as a weak link in a circuit. They reliably rupture and isolate the faulty circuit under overload and short circuit fault conditions so that equipment and personnel are protected. Following fault clearance they must be manually replaced before that circuit may be put back into operation. Striker pins are available on some designs such that remote alarms may be initiated on fuse operation. Miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) or moulded case circuit breakers (MCCBs) are also overcurrent protection devices often with thermal and magnetic elements for overload and short circuit fault protection. Earth leakage protection, shunt trip coils and undervoltage releases may also be incorporated in the designs. As a switch they allow isolation of the supply from the load. Normally the MCB requires manual resetting after a trip situation but solenoid or motor driven closing is also possible for remote control. This chapter describes the various types of fuse and MCB together with their different uses and methods of specification. Examples and calculations for correct selection of different applications are also given. == Table 11.1 gives a summary of different fuse types, their uses, advantages and disadvantages. Table 11.2 summarizes some current relevant standards covering fuses. There are various categories ranging from subminiature electronic and solid state device protection fuses, power types (expulsion and high rupturing capacity (HRC)) to 72 kV. {| |+ Table 11.1: Summary of fuse types ! Category |- ! Types ! Use ! Advantages and disadvantages | # High voltage fuses above... |}
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An RCCB has 4 electrical connections.
If you look at the circuit picture of the device (usually on the front) you will see that these 4 connections are split into 2 live/hot connections and 2 neutral connections. Furthermore they are divided again so 1 live on top, 1 live on the bottom, and also 1 neutral on top 1 neutral on the bottom.
Electrically the device will function regardless of which side is used as the input.
Which side (top or bottom) you choose to supply the device from is up to you and usually decided by the ease of access to the terminals at the time of connection.
You may also consider from the point of using a busbar that it may be easier to mount the device on top of it (thereby feeding the device from the bottom), this is perfectly OK.
From a strictly technical standpoint the armature (the moving part) of a switch should not be live/hot if the switch is in the off position, however from a practical viewpoint (since the device works regardless of polarity) this is usually disregarded in lieu of mounting and wiring ease with respect to RCCBs, MCBs etc.
Summing up: As long as your supply cables (Live and neutral) are on one side (top or bottom) and your feed cables are on the other side you will not have any problems with the functioning of this device.
Lastly,
if in doubt, please contact an electrician.
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All electrical devices are supposed to be positioned to turn on in the up position. It is a safety precaution. If a device accidentally gets bumped or hit it will turn off due to the effect of gravity pulling on objects with a downward force. If the devices were off in the up position they could inadvertently get bumped or hit into the on position.
There are times when this does not hold true. If a combination panel or a load center is mounted horizontal one side of the board will be opposite to the rule. This is permitted because the panels have closeable doors that protect the breaker handles from getting accidental moved.
AnswerThis is an interesting question, as the above answer only applies in North America as far as it applies to other types of 'switch'. Elsewhere in the world, it is the norm for light- and power-switches to be 'on' when placed in the 'down' position -i.e. opposite to that in North America. The argument that, by using the 'up' position for 'on' prevents a switch from accidentally bumped into the 'on' position when 'off', seems odd -as, surely, bumping a switch could just as easily move an 'up' switch 'down' as vice-versa!
However, for whatever reason, it does seem to be the standard internationally that MCBs are closed, or 'on', when the lever is placed in the 'up' position -regardless of the rule that applies to all other electrical switches.
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The definition of MCB is a miniature circuit breaker, it trips if there is a line to natural fault. Ill add some extra information about the different types.
RCD - residual current device = This is what you could separate you're circuits up with by inserting 1 of these in you're consumer unit (if you have lets say 10 circuits it goes like this...
rcd-mcb-mcb-mcb-mcb-mcb-rcd-mcb-mcb-mcb-mcb-mcb-main switch.
you see the rcd's control 5 circuits each, if 1 of these circuits had an earth fault on it, the rcd will trip and 5 of them circuits will go off, which means you have to keep tripping in you're rcd with an mcb 1 at a time to see which circuit the fault is on.
RCBO - residual current breaker with overload protection- These can be installed in place of mcb's and rcd's, the rcbo is an mcb and rcd in 1 breaker. For example, i have installed a consumer unit full of these, in this case if a circuit forms a fault then its only that circuit that goes off.
I hope this extra piece of information helps you along and best of luck.
<<>>
In electrical terminology MCB stands for Miniature Circuit Breaker.
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An electric current requires two wires to complete the circuit : From source via the in wire to the load and from there via the out wire back to the electrical source.
The current in these two wires should always be identical. When an electrical leak to earth occures, these two currents are no longer identical.
In the MCB both currents are run through 2 small coils, mounted in such way that the magnetic fields produced are annihilating each other. A small mechanical switch mounted near these coils trips however when the fields are no longer identical, and therefore result in an electromagnetical field. (earthleak protection)
The system is further wired in such a way that by abnormal high currents the switch also trips (shortcircuit protection).
Note that MCB's have a max. Current above which tripping occures.
AnswerUnfortunately, the original answer describes an RCD(residual current device) or GFI (ground fault interrupter), not a MCB (miniature circuit breaker). RCDs/GFIs are intended to protect people, whereas MCBs are designed to protect circuits ('RCD' is the British term, and 'GFI' is the N American term).
A miniature circuit breaker is an overcurrent protection device. An overcurrent can be either an overload current or a short circuit.
An MCB, therefore, has two forms of overcurrent protection build into its mechanism. To protect against overload currents, it has a thermal device (bimetallic strip) which will trip the mechanism once it reaches a set temperature. To protect against short-circuit currents, it has an electromagnetic device (electromagnet) which will trip the mechanism when the flux density reaches a set point.
RCD/GFI features can also be built into an MCB, where necessary.
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The electrical power system is one of the most critical systems in operation around the world. Every organization has its own power generation unit, which distributes power throughout the areas via numerous power lines. With so much electricity flowing via these cables, it is critical that the entire system is kept safe, secure, and under control. This is why there is a power protection system that deals with protecting a faulty electrical system by isolating defective elements of the electrical network.
One of the most important systems operating on a global scale is the electrical power system. Each nation has a separate power production facility that uses numerous power lines to distribute power throughout the nation. Tony enterprises offer one of the best Electrical Protection Devices in Kochi, Kerala, Our protection devices are designed to provide the maximum level of safety to the operator by controlling and scaling down voltages to machine tool control systems.
The advantages of circuit protection include minimising power loss, identifying the problem’s location, and isolating it by responding. Although it seems like electrical regulations and norms are always changing, they are still in place to safeguard engineers from overloads and malfunctions. As a result, staying current with information is essential.
To ensure safety, circuit protection detects any malfunctioning state in the electrical system and stops the flow of electricity.
An excessive flow of electric current can create circuit damage, which can lead to overheating and, in certain cases, an electrical fire. Overloading is the most common cause of short circuits, however it can be avoided by using circuit breaking devices that detect the faulty position.
Circuit protection devices that will be deployed outdoors must have the essential safeguards in place to protect internal circuitry from potential environmental harm.
The same problems are addressed by each type of circuit protection device, however they act slightly differently. All have to do with problems such improper electrical connections or an abundance of connections. The electrical engineers are accountable for them.
Typically, residences, workplaces, and commercial buildings use circuit protection devices. In general, several types of circuit protection devices function to divert an excessively high electrical current and prevent damage.
The advanced version of circuit protection devices are earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) and miniature circuit breaker (MCB). In electrical engineering, an ELCB is a device that breaks the power supply when a certain amount of current flows through the earth line, such as 25-40 milliamperes.
The most often utilised electrical protection equipment is the MCB. In the event of an overload or short circuit, they are utilised to limit the current. When there is a fault, MCBs also function as a switch to open and close the circuit. Both manual and automatic operation is available for these gadgets.
Depending on their use and the kind of current they can handle, MCBs have varying grades. The grade tells you how much current the device can handle before it breaks down and opens the circuit at a specific voltage.
You must take into account an MCB’s capacity, operating temperature, insulating system, and mounting technique while selecting one.
Tony Enterprises provides the best Circuit Protection Devices, ELCB & MCB Supplies in Kochi, Kerala. Our end-to-end solutions assist make installation safer, more trustworthy, affordable, and comfortable for small homes and commercial structures.
We can help you discover the appropriate circuit protection devices after we assess your circumstances.
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It is a miniature electrical circuit breaker designed to protect a circuit that normally carries up to 20 amps of current.
The following information was taken from the Related linkshown below. * Type B devices are generally suitable for domestic applications. They may also be used in light commercial applications where switching surges are low or non-existent. * Type C devices are the normal choice for commercial and industrial applications where fluorescent lighting, motors etc. are in use. * Type D devices have more limited applications, normally in industrial use where high inrush currents may be expected. Examples include large battery charging systems, winding motors, transformers, X-ray machines and some types of discharge lighting. The classification of Types B, C or D is based on the fault current rating at which magnetic operation occurs to provide short time protection (typically less than 100ms) against short-circuits. It is important that equipment having high inrush currents should not cause the circuit-breaker to trip unnecessarily, and yet the device should trip in the event of a short-circuit current that could damage the circuit cables. They have different fault current tolerances and tripping characteristics:
* Type B devices are designed to trip at fault currents of 3-5 times rated current (In). For example a 10A device will trip at 30-50A. * Type C devices are designed to trip at 5-10 times In (50-100A for a 10A device). * Type D devices are designed to trip at 10-20 times In (100-200A for a 10A device).
For more information about MCBs and related topics such as ELCBs, GFCIs and RCDs, see the answers to the Related Questions and the Related Link shown below this answer.
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Yes, provided you don't overload your incoming mains power supply. If using two high-powered appliances at the same time does overload the supply there could be a serious fire risk so, to protect the house, its main breaker should trip to cut the supply.
AnswerShowers aren't normally electrical in any way though...and if it be 120 or 240 you come in contact with in a shower....the results will be the same....a very wet electrocution. AnswerThe answer given just above this one is wrong in several ways. In Europe there are dozens of different types of electrically-heated shower running on 230Volts. They range in power from around 3 kW to around 11kW. They heat water at the normal pressure of the house main water supply.There are also electrically operated "power showers" which use an electric pump to give a great shower experience using hot and cold water from the normal house supplies. These types take only about 200 Watts to 500 Watts of electric power.
Both these types of electric shower are designed and built to be safe to use so that no-one can get electrocuted. They are in use by millions of people every day!
I don't know if these kinds of electric shower are available in the US or other countries which have similar electricity supply standards and wiring codes.
AnswerThere is nothing mystical or special about 240V appliances over 120V appliances. 240V appliances function the same as 120V devices, except that they need twice the voltage to run. You can use as many 240V appliances as you want, and the same rules apply as with 120V appliances. Make sure the circuits powering them are heavy enough and you will be fine. If you overload the circuit, you will blow the breaker.Answer
There is no technical reason why you cannot use two electric showers at the same time provided that
The incoming supply service cable and service fuse is suitably rated.
The consumer unit itself is suitably rated for the total expected premises electrical load including allowing for diversity according to IEE wiring regs.
Each shower must be fed from a separate cable connected to individual fuses or MCBs in the consumer unit.
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The current flowing through a cable supplying a load or loads depends on the combined power of those loads, and the size of the cable is chosen according to the anticipated load. If the cable is overloaded, then it will draw excessive current (an 'overload current') and overheat, and its insulation may eventually fail, and present a fire hazard. If one or other of the load devices develops a fault, then that device may draw significantly more current (a 'short-circuit current') than it should and it will fail. So, cables are subject to over currents -i.e. 'overload currents' or 'short-circuit currents'.
A fuse is an over current protective device. It is designed to disconnect the cable supplying a load or loads in the event of an overload or short-circuit current occurring either in the cable or in the loads. By doing so, it protects the cable as well as the load, from overheating and prevents the possibility of a fire.
All fuses work on the same principle. A fuse carriercontains a fuse link, or fuse element, which is connected in series with the cable and its load. When an overload current occurs, the fuse link melts, and creates a break in the circuit, disconnecting the cable. The fuse link is carefully manufactured so that the larger the over current, the faster it melts.
Fuses are rated in amperes, according to the maximum current they can continuously carry without melting, and are manufactured in a range of standard current ratings. What makes each fuse rating different is the cross-sectional area of their fuse link; the greater the cross-sectional area, the higher the current rating.
In your home, individual circuits are each protected by a fuse*, sized according to the current capacity of the individual circuit. These, in turn are protected by a larger fuse which protects all the circuits. The larger fuse is designed to operate only if one of the individual circuit fuses fails to operate quickly enough. By fusing individual circuits in this way, an over current should only affect an individual circuit, without affecting any of the healthy circuits.
There are a great many different types and design of fuse, according to their application and the magnitude of system voltage they are to operate. Fuses designed to operate on low voltage systems are physically quite small, whereas fuses designed to operate of high-voltage systems are physically quite large -but they all work on the same principle.
*In residences, fuses are now being replaced by miniature circuit breakers (MCBs), which can be reset after they have operated, unlike fuses which must be replaced.
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== == == == It's a receptacle symbol, usually with "GFCI", "G", or "GFI" written under it. To find out exactly which symbol is used on your prints, look at the electrical legend, which is normally page E-1, E-001, etc.
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An isolator(disconnecting switch)operates under no load conditionand used for disconnecting the CB from the live part of the maintenance.Isolators are used in addition to the CB to make and break the circuit under normal and short circuit condition.
A circuit breaker(CB) is an equipment which can open or close a circuit under normal as well as fault conditions and it can be operated manually under normal conditions and automatically under fault conditions.For the latter operation a relay is used with a CB.
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Conditional compilation is used to exclude code segments from specific builds. For instance, in debug mode you might include additional code such as an assertion macro which you wouldn't really want in the release code.
The following example declares and defines an ASSERT() macro when the program is compiled in debug mode (when DEBUG is defined). In non-debug mode (when DEBUG is not defined), all calls to ASSERT() will be ignored during compilation because there is no implementation provided.
#ifdef DEBUG
#define ASSERT(x) \
if(!(x)) \
{ \
std::cout << "ERROR!! Assert " << #x << " failed\n"; \
std::cout << "on line " << __LINE__ << std::endl; \
std::cout << "in file " << __FILE__ << std::endl; \
}
#else
#define ASSERT( x )
#endif _DEBUG
Within your code you can call ASSERT() to ensure your invariants are true whilst in debug mode:
int x=1, y=1;
ASSERT( x == y );
// .. remainder of code...
In debug mode, the compiler expands the code for you, just as if you'd written the following:
int x=1, y=1;
if(!( x==y ))
{
std::cout << "ERROR!! Assert " << #x << " failed\n";
std::cout << "on line " << __LINE__ << std::endl;
std::cout << "in file " << __FILE__ << std::endl;
}
// .. remainder of code...
But in release mode there is no macro to expand, so the assert is effectively ignored:
int x=1; y=1
// .. remainder of code...
Other uses of conditional compilation include catering for UNICODE or MCBS encoding of strings. If your program uses one or the other, you can use macros to ensure the appropriate string handling calls and declarations are made.
They are also used to "guard" include files to ensure an included file is never included more than once during compilation. This is important when several files include the same file for the purpose of syntax checking. During compilation, however, only one copy of the file needs to be physically included. If multiple inclusions were not guarded against, the compiler would try to include several declarations of the same functions and, even though they all come from the exact same file, the compiler treats them as separate entities and immediately stops the compilation. The same thing occurs when a function is declared twice in two separate files.
// myclass.h
#ifndef _myclass_h_ // First time around, this will not be defined.
#define _myclass_h_ // Now it is defined.
// Declarations (with or without implementations) go here.
#endif _myclass_h_ // Marks the end of the inclusion.
When the compiler "sees" this file for the first time, it will be included because _myclass_h_ would be undefined first time around. But all subsequent inclusions will be ignored because _myclass_h_ was defined during the first inclusion.
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There are over 30 provinces in India, each of which is composed of up to a dozen or more dioceses. Each diocese has at least one Bishop, plus additional bishops who are not assigned to a particular diocese; From Wikipedia (June 2013):
Ecclesiastical Province of Agra- Metropolitan Archbishop Albert D'Souza of the Archdiocese of Agra
- Bishop Pius Thomas D'Souza of the Diocese of Ajmer
- Apostolic administrator Bishop Ignatius Menezes of the (vacant) Diocese of Allahabad
- Bishop Anthony Fernandes of the Diocese of Bareilly
- Bishop John Vadakel, CMI of the Diocese of Bijnor
- Bishop Thomas Thuruthimattam, CST of the Diocese of Gorakhpur
- Bishop Oswald Lewis of the Diocese of Jaipur
- Bishop Peter Parapullil of the Diocese of Jhansi
- Bishop Gerald John Mathias of the Diocese of Lucknow
- Bishop Francis Kalist of the Diocese of Meerut
- Bishop Devprasad John Ganawa, SVD of the Diocese of Udaipur
- Bishop Raphy Manjaly of the Diocese of Varanasi
- Metropolitan Archbishop Bernard Moras of the Archdiocese of Bangalore
- Bishop Peter Machado of the Diocese of Belgaum
- Bishop Henry D'Souza of the Diocese of Bellary
- Bishop Anthony Swamy Thomasappa of the Diocese of Chikmagalur
- Bishop Robert Michael Miranda of the Diocese of Gulbarga
- Bishop Derek Fernandes of the Diocese of Karwar
- Bishop Aloysius Paul D'Souza of the Diocese of Mangalore
- Bishop Thomas Vazhapilly of the Diocese of Mysore
- Apostolic administrator Bishop Henry D'Souza of the (vacant) Diocese of Shimoga
- Bishop Gerald Isaac Lobo of the Diocese of Udupi
- Metropolitan Archbishop Leo Cornelio, SVD of the Archdiocese of Bhopal
- Bishop Joseph Kaithathara of the Diocese of Gwalior
- Bishop Chacko Thottumarickal, SVD of the Diocese of Indore
- Bishop Gerald Almeida of the Diocese of Jabalpur
- Apostolic administrator Bishop Devprasad John Ganawa, SVD of the (vacant) Diocese of Jhabua
- Bishop Arockia Sebastian Durairaj, SVD of the Diocese of Khandwa,
- Bishop Anthony Chirayath of the Diocese of Sagar
- Bishop Matthew Vaniakizhakel, CV of the Diocese of Satna
- Bishop Sebastian Vadakel, MST of the Diocese of Ujjain
- Metropolitan Archbishop Cardinal Oswald Gracias of the Archdiocese of Bombay
- Auxiliary Bishop Agnelo Rufino Gracias of the Archdiocese of Bombay
- Auxiliary Bishop Dominic Savio Fernandes of the Archdiocese of Bombay
- Auxiliary Bishop John Rodrigues of the Archdiocese of Bombay
- Bishop Thomas Elavanal, MCBS of the Diocese of Kalyan
- Bishop Lourdes Daniel of the Diocese of Nashik
- Bishop Thomas Dabre of the Diocese of Poona
- Archbishop Felix Anthony Machado of the Diocese of Vasai
- Metropolitan Archbishop Thomas D'Souza of the Archdiocese of Calcutta
- Bishop Cyprian Monis of the Diocese of Asansol
- Apostolic administrator Archbishop Thomas D'Souza of the (vacant) Diocese of Bagdogra
- Bishop Salvadore Lobo of the Diocese of Baruipur
- Bishop Stephen Lepcha of the Diocese of Darjeeling
- Bishop Clement Tirkey of the Diocese of Jalpaiguri
- Bishop Joseph Suren Gomes, SDB of the Diocese of Krishnagar
- Bishop Alphonsus F. D'Souza, SJ of the Diocese of Raiganj
- Metropolitan Archbishop John Barwa, SVD of the Archdiocese of Cuttack-Bhubaneswar
- Bishop Thomas Thiruthalil, CM of the Diocese of Balasore
- Bishop Sarat Chandra Nayak of the Diocese of Berhampur
- Apostolic administrator Archbishop John Barwa, SVD of the (vacant) Diocese of Rourkela
- Bishop Lucas Kerketta, SVD of the Diocese of Sambalpur
- Metropolitan Archbishop Anil Joseph Thomas Couto of the Archdiocese of Delhi
- Auxiliary Bishop Franco Mulakkal of the Archdiocese of Delhi
- Bishop Peter Celestine Elampassery, OFM Cap of the Diocese of Jammu-Srinagar
- Apostolic administrator Archbishop Anil Joseph Thomas Couto of the (vacant) Diocese of Jullundur
- Bishop Ignatius Loyola Mascarenhas of the Diocese of Simla and Chandigarh
- Metropolitan Archbishop Stanislaus Fernandes of the Archdiocese of Gandhinagar
- Bishop Thomas Ignatius MacWan of the Diocese of Ahmedabad
- Bishop Godfrey de Rozario, SJ of the Diocese of Baroda
- Bishop José Chittooparambil, CMI of the Diocese of Rajkot
- Metropolitan Archbishop Patriarch Filipe Neri Ferrao of the Archdiocese of Goa and Daman
- Bishop Anthony Alwyn Fernandes Barreto of the Diocese of Sindhudurg
- Metropolitan Archbishop John Moolachira of the Archdiocese of Guwahati
- Bishop Thomas Pulloppillil of the Diocese of Bongaigaon
- Bishop Joseph Aind, SDB of the Diocese of Dibrugarh
- (vacant) Diocese of Diphu (administered by Diocesan administrator)
- Bishop John Thomas Kattrukudiyil of the Diocese of Itanagar
- Bishop George Palliparambil, SDB of the Diocese of Miao
- Bishop Michael Akasius Toppo of the Diocese of Tezpur
- Metropolitan Archbishop Thumma Bala of the Archdiocese of Hyderabad
- Bishop Joseph Kunnath, CMI of the Diocese of Adilabad
- Bishop Prasad Gallela of the Diocese of Cuddapah
- Bishop Paul Maipan of the Diocese of Khamman
- Bishop Anthony Poola of the Diocese of Kurnool
- Bishop Joji Govindu of the Diocese of Nalgonda
- Bishop Udumala Bala Show Reddy of the Diocese of Warangal
- Metropolitan Archbishop Dominic Lumon of the Archdiocese of Imphal
- Bishop James Thoppil of the Diocese of Kohima
- Metropolitan Archbishop George Antonysamy of the Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore
- Bishop Anthonisamy Neethinathan of the Diocese of Chingleput
- Bishop Lephonse Thomas Aquinas of the Diocese of Coimbatore
- Bishop Arulappan Amalraj of the Diocese of Ootacamund
- Bishop Soundaraj Periyanayagam, SDB of the Diocese of Vellore
- Metropolitan Archbishop Peter Fernando of the Archdiocese of Madurai
- Bishop Antony Pappusamy of the Diocese of Dindigul
- Bishop Peter Remigius of the Diocese of Kottar
- Bishop Jude Gerald Paulraj of the Diocese of Palayamkottai
- Bishop Jebalamai Susaimanickam of the Diocese of Sivagangai
- Bishop Antony Devotta of the Diocese of Tiruchirapalli
- Bishop Yvon Ambrose of the Diocese of Tuticorin
- Metropolitan Archbishop Abraham Viruthakulangara of the Archdiocese of Nagpur
- Bishop Elias Gonsalves of the Diocese of Amravati
- Bishop Edwin Colaço of the Diocese of Aurangabad
- Bishop Vijay Anand Nedumpuram, CMI of the Diocese of Chanda
- Metropolitan Archbishop William D'Souza, SJ of the Archdiocese of Patna
- Bishop Victor Henry Thakur of the Diocese of Bettiah
- Bishop Kurien (Ciriaco) Valiakandathil of the Diocese of Bhagalpur
- Bishop Sebastian Kallupura of the Diocese of Buxar
- Bishop John Baptist Thakur, SJ of the Diocese of Muzaffarpur
- Bishop Angelus Kujur, SJ of the Diocese of Purnea
- Metropolitan Archbishop Antony Anandarayar of the Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore
- Bishop Lawrence Pius Dorairaj of the Diocese of Dharmapuri
- Bishop Francis Antonysamy of the Diocese of Kumbakonam
- Bishop Sebastianappan Singaroyan of the Diocese of Salem
- Bishop Devadass Ambrose Mariadoss of the Diocese of Tanjore
- Metropolitan Archbishop Joseph Augustine Charanakunnel of the Archdiocese of Raipur
- Bishop Patras Minj, SJ of the Diocese of Ambikapur
- Bishop Simon Stock Palathara, CMI of the Diocese of Jagdalpur
- Bishop Emmanuel Kerketta of the Diocese of Jashpur
- Bishop Paul Toppo of the Diocese of Raigarh
- Metropolitan Archbishop Cardinal Telesphore Toppo of the Archdiocese of Ranchi
- Bishop Gabriel Kujur, SJ of the Diocese of Daltonganj
- Bishop Julius Marandi of the Diocese of Dumka
- Bishop Paul Alois Lakra of the Diocese of Gumla
- Bishop Jojo Anand of the Diocese of Hazaribag
- Bishop Felix Toppo, SJ of the Diocese of Jamshedpur
- Bishop Binay Kandulna of the Diocese of Khunti
- Bishop Aleixo das Neves Dias, SFX of the Diocese of Port Blair
- Bishop Vincent Barwa of the Diocese of Simdega
- Metropolitan Archbishop Dominic Jala, SDB of the Archdiocese of Shillong
- Bishop Lumen Monteiro, CSC of the Diocese of Agartala
- Bishop Stephen Rotluanga, CSC of the Diocese of Aizawl
- (vacant) Diocese of Jowai (administered by Diocesan administrator)
- Bishop Victor Lyngdoh of the Diocese of Nongstoin
- Bishop Andrew Marak of the Diocese of Tura
- Metropolitan Archbishop Calist Soosa Pakiam of the Archdiocese of Thiruvananthapuram
- Bishop Stephen Athipozhiyil of the Diocese of Alleppey
- Bishop Vincent Samuel of the Diocese of Neyyattinkara
- Bishop Selvister Ponnumuthan of the Diocese of Punalur
- Bishop Stanley Roman of the Diocese of Quilon
- Metropolitan Archbishop Francis Kallarackal of the Archdiocese or Verapoly
- Bishop Varghese Chakkalakal of the Diocese of Calicut
- Bishop Joseph Kariyil of the Diocese of Cochin
- Apostolic administrator Bishop Varghese Chakkalakal of the (vacant) Diocese of Kannur
- Bishop Joseph Karikassery of the Diocese of Kottapuram
- Bishop Sebastian Thekethecheril of the Diocese of Vijayapuram
- Metropolitan Archbishop Prakash Mallavarapu of the Archdiocese of Visakhapatnam
- Apostolic administrator Archbishop Prakash Mallavarapu of the (vacant) Diocese of Eluru
- Bishop Bali Gali of the Diocese of Guntur
- Bishop Doraboina Moses Prakasam of the Diocese of Nellore
- Bishop Innayya Chinna Addagatla of the Diocese of Srikakulam
- Apostolic administrator Bishop Joji Govindu of the (vacant) Diocese of Vijayawada
- Major Archbishop Cardinal George Alencherry of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Eranakulam-Angamaly
- Bishop of Curia Bishop Bosco Puthur of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Eranakulam-Angamaly
- Auxiliary Bishop Sebastian Adayanthrath of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Eranakulam-Angamaly
- Bishop Mathew Anikuzhikattil of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Idukki
- Bishop George Madathikandathil of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Kothamangalam
- Metropolitan Archbishop Joseph Perumthottam of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Changanassery
- Bishop Mathew Arackal of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Kanjirappally
- Bishop Joseph Kallarangatt of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Palai
- Auxiliary Bishop Jacob Muricken of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Palai
- Bishop George Rajendran Kuttinadar, SDB of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Thuckalay
- Metropolitan Archbishop George Valiamattam of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Tellicherry
- Bishop Lawrence Mukkuzhy of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Belthangady
- Bishop Joseph Erumachadath, MCBS of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Bhadravathi
- Bishop José Porunnedom of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Mananthavady
- Bishop Remigiose Inchananiyil of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Thamarassery
- Bishop George Njaralakatt of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Mandya
- Metropolitan Archbishop Andrews Thazhath of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur
- Auxiliary Bishop Raphael Thattil of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur
- Bishop Pauly Kannookadan of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Irinjalakuda
- Bishop Jacob Manathodath of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Palghat
- Bishop Paul Alappatt of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Ramanathapuram
- Metropolitan Archbishop Mathew Moolakkattu of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Kottayam
- Auxiliary Bishop Jose Pandarassery of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Kottayam
- Archbishop Kuriakose Bharanikulangara of the Syro-Malabar Diocese of Faridabad
- Major Archbishop Cardinal Baselios Cleemis of the Syro-Malankara Major Archeparchy of Trivandrum
- Bishop of Curia Bishop Anthony Valiyavilayil, OIC of the Syro-Malankara Major Archeparchy of Trivandrum
- Auxiliary Bishop Samuel Kattukallil of the Syro-Malankara Major Archeparchy of Trivandrum
- Bishop K.M. Vincent Kulapuravilai of the Syro-Malankara Eparchy of Marthandom
- Bishop Joshuah Ignathios Kizhakkeveettil of the Syro-Malankara Eparchy of Mavelikara
- Bishop Yoohanon Chrysostom Kalloor of the Syro-Malankara Eparchy of Pathanamthitta
- Metropolitan Archbishop Thomas Mar Koorilos of the Syro-Malankara Catholic Archeparchy of Tiruvalla
- Auxiliary Bishop Stephen Thottathil of the Syro-Malankara Catholic Archeparchy of Tiruvalla
- Bishop Joseph Konnath of the Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of Muvattupuzha
- Bishop Abraham Kackanatt of the Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of Bathery
- Bishop Geevarghese Divannasios Ottathengil of the Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of Puthur
- Bishop Jacob Barnabas Chacko Aerath, OIC, Apostolic Visitor for the extra-territorial missions of the Syro-Malankaras in India
- Archbishop Joseph Chennoth, Apostolic Nuncio to Japan
- Archbishop George Panikulam, Apostolic Nuncio to Ethiopia, Apostolic Nuncio to Djibouti, Apostolic Delegate to Somalia, Special Representative of the Holy See to the African Union
- Archbishop George Kocherry, Apostolic Nuncio to Zimbabwe
- Archbishop Francis Assisi Chullikatt, Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations, Permanent Observer of Organization of American States (OAS)
- Bishop Joseph Kalathiparambil, Secretary of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants
- Archbishop Salvatore Pennacchio, Apostolic Nuncio to India
- Cardinal Ivan Dias, Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Bombay, age 77 (elector)
- Cardinal Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy, Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Bangalore, age 89
- Cardinal Simon Ignatius Pimenta, Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Bombay, age 93
- Cardinal Telesphore Placidus Toppo, Metropolitan Archbishop of Ranchi, age 73 (elector)
- Cardinal George Alencherry, Major Archbishop of Ernakulam-Angamaly, age 68 (elector)
- Cardinal Oswald Gracias, Metropolitan Archbishop of Bombay, age 68 (elector)
- Cardinal Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal, Major Archbishop of Trivandrum, age 53 (elector)
1 answer
A Miniature Circuit Breaker or "MCB" works as a normal electrical circuit breaker but is a much smaller device. As well as electro-mechanical relay technology it includes electronic circuitry to achieve its small overall size. MCBs are now used extensively for consumer power-distribution panels and inside small electrical equipment.
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5 answers
