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This should be an easy question to answer, but there is no mention in the extensive Egyptian records from the late Bronze Age,of the plagues, nor of the escape of a large number of slaves or the destruction of a great army in pursuit of those slaves. Without these records, we have establish who was the pharaoh of the Exodus and therefore at the time of the plagues. We can establish the biblical date of the Exodus from Egypt, and the Book of Exodus says the pharaoh at this time was also the pharaoh at the time of the plagues.

The Bible very clearly places the Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt around 1440 BCE (1 Kings 6:1), but we now know from Archaeology that Egypt was at that time very much in control of Canaan and remained so until the thirteenth century, which brings us to the time of Ramesses II, or Ramses II, pharaoh from around 1290 to 1224 BCE. It is a historical impossibility for any earlier pharaoh to have been the biblical pharaoh. Moreover, it was Ramses II who built the city of Ramses (Pi-Ramesses), mentioned in the story of the Exodus, thus ruling out his predecessors. For these reasons, a more modern Jewish tradition redates the early history of Israel and places the Exodus much later.

Unlike the biblical pharaoh, who was drowned in the Red Sea, Ramses II died peacefully as an old man and was buried in a tomb in the Valley of Kings. His body was later moved to a royal cache. For Ramses II to have been the Pharaoh who let the people go, we would have to move the date of the Exodus forward by around two centuries and therefore move Solomon's reign to a historically impossible period. We would also have to have Ramses escape the Red Sea, in spite of Exodus 14:28. Assuming there really was an Exodus from Egypt, which few scholars now accept, Ramses II could not have been that pharaoh, regardless of popular tradition.

Ramses' son, Merneptah, ruled from 1213 to 1203 BCE and died peacefully as an old man, buried in the Valley of Kings. Merneptah's successor was also buried in the Valley of Kings, thus ruling out all possible pharaohs until long after the traditional date of the Exodus and even after Israelite settlers began to appear in the Canaanite hinterland.

It is not possible to identify any historical pharaoh with the biblical plagues. The history of the Hebrews must have been in some way different to that told in the Book of Exodus.

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10y ago
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8y ago

Since this question asks for a statement of historical fact, it is necessary to point out that almost all scholars believe that the Exodus of Moses and the Israelites from Egypt never happened as described in the Bible. It is now well accepted that the Hebrew people were actually Canaanites who migrated from the region of the rich coastal cities and settled peacefully in the hitherto sparsely populated hinterland. Moses was a mythical person and the stories of overcoming great challenges and of a glorious conquest only arose after the Hebrews had forgotten their real origins.

On the basis of accepting the biblical story as true, we can look at the Egyptian history of the time, to nominate a pharaoh. The Bible clearly states that the Israelites were released from slavery around 1440 BCE. however, it also says that Moses was already 80 years old when Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, and no one king could have reigned for such an incredibly long time.


Thutmose III (c. 1479-1425 BCE) was the pharaoh in 1440 BCE, and his predecessor was Thutmose II, who probably reigned approximately 1493-1479. The reign of Thutmose I was about 1506-1493 and the reign of Amenhotep I is believed to have been 1526-1506 BCE. These reigns would cover the period from the birth of Moses, if he was 80 years old in 1440 BCE. Thutmose III could not be the pharaoh who drowned in the Red Sea while pursuing the Israelites, as he was buried in the Valley of Kings.

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6mo ago

According to the Biblical account, the pharaoh during the time of the ten plagues was Ramses II.

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Q: Who was pharaoh when Moses sent the Plagues?
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Related questions

Who was a poor speaker though whom God sent plagues to Egypt and rescued his people?

Moses was a poor speaker whom God chose to lead the Israelites out of Egypt. God sent plagues on Egypt through Moses to convince Pharaoh to release the Israelites. Through God's guidance, Moses led the Israelites to freedom from slavery in Egypt.


What did god send to force pharaoh to let his people go?

God sent Plagues.


Why did Moses send the 10 plagues?

God sent the 10 plagues in Egypt because the Pharaoh wouldn't obey God's message through Moses to let the Israelites leave slavery. Pharaoh said he would after every plague to get rid of them, but changed his mind. After the last plague, involving Pharaoh's son to die, he finally gave in and the Israelites escaped Egypt.


What excuse did Moses give the Pharaoh for leaving Egypt?

Prior to the Ten Plagues, Moses requested that the Israelites have permission to go to desert to pray to their God. Pharaoh presumed that this was an attempt to flee into the wilderness and denied the request.


What frightened the pharaoh so much that he released the hebrews?

Moses and his brother went and asked him to let them go,When that didnt work God sent plagues such as bugs and death. Eventually being frightened he let them go.


What was the worst plague Moses sent?

Moses didn't send the plagues. God did. But I believe that the death of the first born would be the worst.


How did pharaoh respond when moses asked him to let the Israelites go?

B/c of the ten plagues, but then he changed his mind and chased after the isrealites but was killed in the red sea when God dropped the waters on his army.


How many times did Moses tell pharaoh let your people go?

Moses told Pharaoh to let the people go free ten times.


Why worship the ten plagues?

Egypt's Pharaoh, Ramses II, was very stubborn and harsh at times. God sent the ten plagues because Pharaoh would not let God's people go, the Israelites. Pharaoh wanted them to continue as slaves, and when Moses asked him to let God's people go, Ramses refused, saying I am god! ( Egyptian pharaohs at the time believed they were sons of Ra, the Egyptian sun god.) Since God was mindful of His covenant (promise, agreement) with Abraham and Sarah (He promised them many descendants, as countless as the stars, and a great land), God sent the plagues in order for Egypt's pharaoh to believe and let God's people go. God didn't prefer to do this, but it was the only way to get Pharaoh to let the Israelites go free, to the promised land.


How many plagues did God create through Moses?

There were a total of 10 plaques in Egypt , sent by God.


Why did God send the frogs upon Egypt?

God sent ten plagues upon Egypt (Exodus ch.7-12), not only the plague of frogs. The purpose of the plagues was to impress upon Pharaoh and the Egyptians that God is the Boss (Exodus 7:5) and that the Israelites must be freed in order to serve Him (Exodus 7:26).The K'li Yakar commentary writes that, since the Egyptians worshiped the Nile, God symbolically trounced their false belief by making the Nile a source of anguish in the first two plagues. Also, since Pharaoh refused to recognize the voice of God (Exodus 5:2), He forced Pharaoh to listen to the constant croaking of the frogs (and later the unnaturally loud thunder during the hailstorms (Exodus 9:28) (K'li Yakar).


What did God make Pharaoh?

God made pharaoh the 10 plagues.