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The Holy Bible consists of two testaments; the Old Testament and the New Testament. The word "testament" is Latin for "Covenant". The Bible is a covenant document. Therefore, both these testaments are God's covenants with people. The former is God's covenant with the direct descendants of Abraham, the Hebrews. Whereas, the latter is a covenant between God and people in general, through His only begotten son Jesus Christ. A covenant is a contract or an agreement between two or more parties. It is a conditional relationship. In both the covenants God promised life and abundance to all who would obey His commands. God's commandment in both the testaments is essentially the same, "Love God more than anything else and love others as yourself."(Deuteronomy 6: 8, Leviticus 19: 8, Matthew 22: 37-40, Galatians 5: 14)

God revealed His ethical requirements to His people in the Old Testament law, which contains over 600 commands. These are summed up in the Ten Commandments, which God revealed through Moses to His people after the exodus from Egypt. They are found in The Book of Exodus 20:2-17 and Deuteronomy 5:6-21:

1. You shall have no other gods before me.

2. You shall not make for yourselves an idol in the form of anything.

3. You shall not use the name of the Lord your God in vain.

4. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.

5. Honor your father and mother.

6. You shall not murder.

7. You shall not commit adultery.

8. You shall not steal.

9. You shall not bear false witness.

10. You shall not covet.

The first four commands (or the "first tablet" of the Law) are about how we are to relate to God. The next six (the "second tablet") are about how we are to act toward each other. Jesus summarized the Ten Commandments in this way in Matthew 22:37-40: "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind [Deut. 6:5]. This is the great and first commandment. And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself [Lev. 19:18]. On these two commandments depend all the Law and the Prophets."

Written By: Dr. Manoj Kumar Khatore

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We don't actually know how they were divided up on the originals. But generally, the first three commandments refer to our relationship with God and the last seven refer to our relationship with each other. The first five commandments were on the first tablet. The latter five commandments were placed on the second tablet. It is not indicated anywhere else in the Bible that there were three contemporaneous tablets or that any tablets bore only one commandment.


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