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Jewish tradition states that the twelve tribes are historical. Their names are repeated in the Torah and prophets innumerable times. Even hundreds of years after the exile of most of the tribes, some individuals could trace their lineage to one or another of them (Talmud, Pesachim 4a).

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βˆ™ 8y ago
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βˆ™ 7mo ago

The twelve tribes of Israel are considered historical entities in the context of ancient Israelite history. They are traditionally believed to be the descendants of the twelve sons of Jacob (also known as Israel), forming the basis of the Israelite nation. While there may be debates and varying interpretations regarding their exact historical existence, they hold significant importance in the biblical narrative and ancient Israelite society.

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βˆ™ 8y ago

Israel undoubtedly began as a tribal society - all nations do. Whether or not there really were exactly twelve tribes is questionable, especially as this corresponds to the number of constellations in the zodiac; it is possible that history could have been revised to suit Astrology. There is no good reason to suppose that at least some of the tribal names we now know could not have been historical tribes. Most scholars agree that the biblical history of those tribes, dating back through a sojourn in Egypt to actual brothers, is not really historical.

The oldest passage with a list of tribes is the Song of Deborah in Judges 5, generally dated to the late twelfth or early eleventh century BCE. The Song lists only ten tribes (disregarding the otherwise unknown Meroz): Ephraim, Benjamin, Machir, Zebulun, Issachar, and Naphtali (who joined the fight); Reuben, Gilead, Dan, and Asher (who did not).

Deuteronomy 33 lists eleven tribes: Reuben, Judah, Levi, Benjamin, Joseph (with both Ephraim and Manasseh named), Zebulun, Issachar, Gad, Dan, Naphtali, and Asher.

Genesis 49 lists twelve: Reuben, Judah, Levi, Benjamin, Joseph, Zebulun, Issachar, Gad, Dan, Naphtali, Asher and Simeon. Here, Joseph is again a single tribe, with no mention of Ephraim and Manasseh.

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βˆ™ 8y ago

Yes. They are named immediately after the twelfth son of Jacob was born, completing their number (Genesis ch.35). They are listed in the Torah after that, again and again (for example, Genesis ch.46, Numbers ch.1, ch.2, ch.7, ch.13, ch.26, and ch.34), and their number (12) is mentioned in Exodus ch.15 and 24. Not all of the twelve tribes need be mentioned in each and every reference to them, since not all of the twelve were relevant in every case (Exodus ch.6, Judges ch.5, etc.).


One of the tribes, Joseph, was made into two (Genesis ch.48), which is why sometimes Levi and Joseph are listed (Genesis ch.35 and 46), and sometimes Menasheh and Ephraim (sons of Joseph) are listed (Numbers ch.2).

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Where are these twelve tribes today

Is the Hebrew Bible reliable in its details

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Q: Are the twelve tribes of Israel historical?
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